Glottal Airflow Characteristics of Women's Voice Production Along an Aging Continuum

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Sapienza ◽  
Jeniffer Dutka
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Healthy Individual ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Women's Voice ◽  
Dependent Variables

Anatomical and physiological changes of the speech production mechanism that occur with aging may result in phonatory distinctions between older and younger speakers. This investigation examined amplitude-based glottal airflow characteristics from sustained vowel production in healthy adult women. Sixty women participated in this study, 10 each in six age groups of 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, and 70-year-olds. Measures included peak, alternating, and minimum glottal airflow. Additionally, a ratio of minimum to peak glottal airflow was calculated. Results from an analysis of variance indicated no significant group mean difference for any of the dependent measures. A greater variability in peak glottal airflow for the 70-year-old age group as compared to the 20-year-old age group was found. None of the dependent variables were significantly related to age and therefore were not good predictors of age. The results imply that laryngeal senescence in healthy women may not be significant enough to affect the magnitude of phonatory function parameters. Either the assumed anatomical changes produce less significant phonatory change in the healthy individual or the healthy individual is more capable of using strategies to counteract degenerative laryngeal changes.

scholarly journals Clinical and radiological imaging as prognostic predictors in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha Ibrahim Metwally ◽  
Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Zaitoun ◽  
Housseini Mohamed Abdalla ◽  
Hanaa Abu Elazayem Nofal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Ct Features

Abstract Background Since the announcement of COVID-19 as a pandemic infection, several studies have been performed to discuss the clinical picture, laboratory finding, and imaging features of this disease. The aim of this study is to demarcate the imaging features of novel coronavirus infected pneumonia (NCIP) in different age groups and outline the relation between radiological aspect, including CT severity, and clinical aspect, including age, oxygen saturation, and fatal outcome. We implemented a prospective observational study enrolled 299 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients (169 males and 130 females; age range = 2–91 years; mean age = 38.4 ± 17.2). All patients were submitted to chest CT with multi-planar reconstruction. The imaging features of NCIP in different age groups were described. The relations between CT severity and age, oxygen saturation, and fatal outcome were evaluated. Results The most predominant CT features were bilateral (75.4%), posterior (66.3%), pleural-based (93.5%), lower lobe involvement (89.8%), and ground-glass opacity (94.7%). ROC curve analysis revealed that the optimal cutoff age that was highly exposed to moderate and severe stages of NCIP was 38 years old (AUC = 0.77, p < 0.001). NCIP was noted in 42.6% below 40-year-old age group compared to 84% above 40-year-old age group. The CT severity was significantly related to age and fatal outcome (p < 0.001). Anterior, centrilobular, hilar, apical, and middle lobe involvements had a significant relation to below 90% oxygen saturation. A significant negative correlation was found between CT severity and oxygen saturation (r = − 0.49, p < 0.001). Crazy-paving pattern, anterior aspect, hilar, centrilobular involvement, and moderate and severe stages had a statistically significant relation to higher mortality. Conclusion The current study confirmed the value of CT as a prognostic predictor in NCIP through demonstration of the strong relation between CT severity and age, oxygen saturation, and the fatal outcome. In the era of COVID-19 pandemic, this study is considered to be an extension to other studies discussing chest CT features of COVID-19 in different age groups with demarcation of the relation of chest CT severity to different pattern and distribution of NCIP, age, oxygen saturation, and mortality rate.

Visual, Perceptual, and Cognitive Measures as Predictors of Collision Detection in Older Drivers

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1018-1022
Author(s):  
Christina L. James ◽  
Kathryn Wochinger ◽  
W. Spencer James ◽  
Deborah Boehm-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Collision Detection ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

This experiment examined whether visual, perceptual, or cognitive measures predicted the ability to detect vehicle collisions in intersections. Sixty subjects, comprised of three age groups balanced by gender, were presented dynamic intersection approaches in a part-task driving simulator. The subjects were asked to project the forward progress of crossing traffic and to indicate whether any of the crossing vehicles would conflict with their vehicle. Independent variables included visual, perceptual, and cognitive test batteries. Dependent variables included accuracy in collision detection and error type. Results showed that all three batteries predicted accuracy, but that the perceptual battery was the most predictive for each age group.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Differences Related to Age in Dementia with Lewy Bodies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Nagahama ◽  
Tomoko Okina ◽  
Norio Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Recent Memory ◽  
Better Than

Background/Aims: To examine the influence of age on neuropsychological performances in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer disease (AD) patients. Methods: We examined memory, executive, and visuo-constructional performances in 202 DLB patients and 236 AD patients. We divided the subjects into three age groups (65–74, 75–84, and 85–95 years old), and evaluated the differences in neuropsychological performances. Results: Recent memory in the DLB group was significantly better than that in the age-matched AD group when comparing the age groups 65–74 years and 75–84 years; however, memory impairment in the DLB patients in the age group 85–95 years was comparable with that in the age-matched AD patients. In contrast to recent memory, the other assessed neuropsychological performances, such as visuospatial and executive functions, showed no significant change in differences between the DLB and AD groups with advancing age. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the nature of memory impairment in DLB patients changes according to age. DLB patients in the young-old and old-old age groups showed significantly better memory performance than the age-matched AD patients, whereas memory performance of the DLB patients in the oldest-old age group was similar to that of the age-matched AD patients. This may be associated with the increased rate of coexisting AD pathology in DLB patients with older age.

scholarly journals Trends in Poliovirus Seroprevalence in Kano State, Northern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S103-S109
Author(s):  
Harish Verma ◽  
Zubairu Iliyasu ◽  
Kehinde T Craig ◽  
Natalie A Molodecky ◽  
Utibeabasi Urua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Population Immunity ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Kano state has been a protracted reservoir of poliovirus in Nigeria. Immunity trends have been monitored through seroprevalence surveys since 2011. The survey in 2015 was, in addition, intended to assess the impact of use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Methods It was a health facility based seroprevalence survey. Eligible children aged 6-9, 12-15 and 19-22 months of age brought to the paediatrics outpatient department of Murtala Mohammad Specialist Hospital between 19 October and 6 November 2015, were screened for eligibility. Eligible children were enrolled after parental consent, history taken, physical examination conducted, and a blood sample collected to test for neutralizing antibody titres against the three poliovirus serotypes. Results Overall, 365 results were available in the three age groups. In the 6-9-month-old age group, the seroprevalence was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI] 64-80%), 83% (95% CI 75-88%), and 66% (95% CI 57-73%) for serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the 12-15- and 19-22-month-old age groups, seroprevalence was higher but still remained <90% across serotypes. Seroprevalence to serotypes 1 and 3 in 2015 was similar to 2014; however, for serotype 2 there was a significant improvement. IPV received in supplemental immunization activities was found to be a significant predictor of seropositivity among 6-9-month-old infants for serotypes 1 and 2. Conclusions Seroprevalence for serotypes 1 and 3 remains low (<80%) in 6-9-month-olds. This poses a significant risk for poliovirus spread if reintroduced into the population. Efforts to strengthen immunization coverage are imperative to secure and sustain high population immunity.

scholarly journals Association of HMGA2 Gene Variation with Height in Specific Pediatric Age Categories

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. GEI.S944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Struan F.A. Grant ◽  
Mingyao Li ◽  
Jonathan P. Bradfield ◽  
Cecilia E. Kim ◽  
Kiran Annaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Minor Alleles

Background Recently an association was demonstrated between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs1042725, within the HMGA2 locus and height as a consequence of a genome wide association (GWA) study of this trait in adults; this observation was also reported in children aged 7–11 years old. Objective We examined in our Caucasian childhood cohort the effects of two strong surrogates for this SNP at this locus with height, rs8756 and rs7968902, with respect to the same pediatric age category but also in children grouped separately as younger and older. Methods Utilizing data from an ongoing GWA study in our cohort of 2,619 Caucasian children with measurements for height, we investigated the association of the previously reported variation at the HMGA2 locus with this height treated as a quantitative trait (age and sex corrected) in childhood in the 2–6 (n = 706), 7–11 (n = 617) and 12–18 (n = 1293) years old categories. Results The minor alleles of rs8756 and rs7968902 respectively (strong surrogates for rs1042725 i.e. r 2 = 0.873 and 0.761 in the CEU HapMap respectively) were significantly associated with height in the 7–11 years old age group ( P = 3.53 × 10–3 and 2.82 × 10–4, respectively) However in the 2–6 and 12–18 years old age groups, no association was observed. Conclusions We observe a strong association with height in same age group of 7–11 years old as has been previously reported. However, in the under 7s and the over 11s, no such association was observed.

scholarly journals High Incidence of Severe Influenza among Individuals over 50 Years of Age

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 1918-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. X. Zhang ◽  
Kelvin K. W. To ◽  
Herman Tse ◽  
Kwok-Hung Chan ◽  
Kun-Yuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Old Age ◽  
H1n1 Virus ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pandemic H1n1 ◽  
Age Group

ABSTRACTAge-specific epidemiological data on asymptomatic, symptomatic, and severe infections are essential for public health policies on combating influenza. In this study, we incorporated data on microbiologically confirmed infections and seroprevalence to comprehensively describe the epidemiology of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza. Seroprevalence was determined from 1,795 random serum samples collected in our hospital in January 2007 (before the first wave of the pandemic) and March 2010 (after the second wave). Data on microbiologically confirmed infection and severe cases were obtained from the Centre for Health Protection in Hong Kong. Severe cases were most common in the 51- to 60-year-old age group. The microbiologically confirmed incidence rate was highest for children aged ≤10 years and dropped sharply for the adult population (ρ = −1.0;P< 0.01), but the incidence rate for severe disease was highest for the 51- to 60-year-old age group. For the 51- to 60-year-old age group, the seroprevalence was similar to that for the younger age groups, but the proportion of severe cases relative to seroprevalence was significantly higher than that for 11- to 50-year-old age groups. As judged from the percentage of specimens positive for other respiratory viruses compared with that for pandemic H1N1 virus, the impact of symptomatic disease due to pandemic H1N1 virus was higher than that for other respiratory viruses in people aged ≤50 years. In conclusion, the 51- to 60-year-old age group, which had the highest overall incidence and the highest rate of severe disease but is currently not considered by the World Health Organization to be an at-risk group, should be prioritized for influenza vaccination in areas where universal influenza vaccination is not practiced.

scholarly journals Association Between Social Support and Mental Health in Pre-Old and Old Age: Is It Different Depends on the Object? A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaya Li ◽  
Mai Kabayama ◽  
Kei Kamide
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Social Support

Abstract Background The association of social support with mental health for the older adults has been well documented; however, object-specific support was rarely discussed. This study examined the relationships of multiple aspects of social support, especially focusing on objects of social support, across different aging stages. Methods We conducted a self-reported cross-sectional survey in Osaka, Japan in 2013. We analyzed 659 pre-old and 888 old age participants. SF-36v2 was used to measure mental health. Objects of social support was divided into 3 categories (kin, friends, community) with integrating sub-dimensions of social support such as instrumental / emotional social support (function) and provided / received social support (role). Ordinary least squares, controlled for covariates, was carried out to analyze the variation among three objects of social support on mental health in two age groups. Results The results showed a positive association within the pre-old age group but not within the old age group. For the pre-old age group, either emotional or instrumental social support either provided to or received from a community neighbor had a positive association, while emotional social support provided to kin or friends and instrumental support received from friends didn’t show any relation to mental health.Conclusions The relationship between social support and mental health varied by objects and age groups.

Secular Change in Mortality from Suicide in Australia during the 20th Century

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Donaldson ◽  
Peng Bi ◽  
Janet B Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Early Century ◽  
Age And Sex

To identify secular change in Australian suicide mortality over the period 1907-1998 and to seek possible explanations, a descriptive epidemiological study was conducted. Deaths due to suicide from 1907 to 1998 were identified according to the ICD-9. Trends in overall annual suicide mortality rates for all causes and individual causes were examined using the three-year moving average method, standardised by age and sex. Secular trends for mortality over the study period were examined in various age groups, using linear regression to test the slope. The results indicated that there has been a decline in overall age and sex standardised mortality from suicide over the study period. The death rate dropped from 15.2 per 100,000 in the early century to 13.9 per 100,000 in late century. Despite the overall decline, the female suicide mortality rates increased over the study period. Male suicide mortality rates were significantly higher than female rates over the study period (P<0.0001). Increased suicide rates were observed in the 15-24 and 25-44 year old age groups for both males and females. The group of 65+ year old females also had increased rates. Decreased rates were observed in both the male and female 45-64 year old age group and in the 65+ year old male age group. The three most common suicide methods used by males in 1907 were guns, poisoning and hanging, while for females they were drowning, hanging and poisoning. In 1998 they were changed to hanging, gas and guns for males and hanging, gas and drowning and poisoning (equally third) for females. These trends can be attributed to numerous factors such as economic crisis, world wars, the availability of suicide methods, a person's gender.

scholarly journals Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy in Higher-Aged Patients: How Do They Benefit from Surgery?

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Gembruch ◽  
Ramazan Jabbarli ◽  
Ali Rashidi ◽  
Mehdi Chihi ◽  
Nicolai El Hindy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Significant Group Effect ◽  
Aged Patients ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy ◽  
The Impact

Background: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common reason for spinal cord disease in elderly patients. This study analyzes the preoperative status and postoperative outcome of higher-aged patients in comparison to young and elderly patients in order to determine the benefit to those patients from DCM surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data, radiological findings, and operative reports of 411 patients treated surgically between 2007 and 2016 suffering from DCM was performed. The preoperative and postoperative neurological functions were evaluated using the modified Japanese Orthopedic Association Score (mJOA Score), the postoperative mJOA Score improvement, the neurological recovery rate (NRR) of the mJOA Score, and the minimum clinically important difference (MCID). The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to evaluate the impact of comorbidities on the preoperative and postoperative mJOA Score. The comparisons were performed between the following age groups: G1: ≤50 years, G2: 51–70 years, and G3: >70 years. Results: The preoperative and postoperative mJOA Score was significantly lower in G3 than in G2 and G1 (p < 0.0001). However, the mean mJOA Score’s improvement did not differ significantly (p = 0.81) between those groups six months after surgery (G1: 1.99 ± 1.04, G2: 2.01 ± 1.04, G: 2.00 ± 0.91). Furthermore, the MCID showed a significant improvement in every age-group. The CCI was evaluated for each age-group, showing a statistically significant group effect (p < 0.0001). Analysis of variance revealed a significant group effect on the delay (weeks) between symptom onset and surgery (p = 0.003). The duration of the stay at the hospital did differ significantly between the age groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Preoperative and postoperative mJOA Scores, but not the extent of postoperative improvement, are affected by the patients’ age. Therefore, patients should be considered for DCM surgery regardless of their age.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Clustering and Switching in Verbal Fluency according to Healthy Elderly Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Juyeong Kim ◽  
Hyunjoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Verbal Fluency Task ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phonemic Verbal Fluency ◽  
Fluency Task

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of clusters and switches through verbal fluency tasks by different age groups among the elderly.Methods: Ninety-four healthy elderly adults participated in this study. The verbal fluency task consisted of semantic verbal fluency and phonemic verbal fluency. The categories of ‘animal’ and ‘supermarket’ were used for semantic fluency, and the categories ‘/k/’, ‘/o/’ and ‘/s/’ were used for phonemic fluency.Results: First, there was a significant difference between the age groups. The number of correct responses in the verbal fluency task decreased as age increased. Second, the mean cluster size for verbal fluency did not show a significant difference among groups in tasks of semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. Third, the number of switches showed a significant difference between groups in semantic and phonemic verbal fluency. In the post-analysis results of semantic fluency, a significant difference was found in the category of ‘animals’ between the young-old and old-old age group, and a significant difference was found in the number of switches in the category of ‘supermarket’ between the middle-old and old-old age group. Finally, the semantic fluency task showed the highest frequency of perseverative error, and the phonemic fluency task showed the highest frequency of other errors.Conclusion: These results of this study are meaningful in investigating characteristics of cluster and switch as well as the performance of correct rate through the verbal fluency tasks according to the elderly group.

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