Visual, Perceptual, and Cognitive Measures as Predictors of Collision Detection in Older Drivers

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1018-1022
Author(s):  
Christina L. James ◽  
Kathryn Wochinger ◽  
W. Spencer James ◽  
Deborah Boehm-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Collision Detection ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Dependent Variables

This experiment examined whether visual, perceptual, or cognitive measures predicted the ability to detect vehicle collisions in intersections. Sixty subjects, comprised of three age groups balanced by gender, were presented dynamic intersection approaches in a part-task driving simulator. The subjects were asked to project the forward progress of crossing traffic and to indicate whether any of the crossing vehicles would conflict with their vehicle. Independent variables included visual, perceptual, and cognitive test batteries. Dependent variables included accuracy in collision detection and error type. Results showed that all three batteries predicted accuracy, but that the perceptual battery was the most predictive for each age group.

scholarly journals Child-To-Parent Violence: Which Parenting Style Is More Protective? A Study with Spanish Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Suárez-Relinque ◽  
Gonzalo del Moral Arroyo ◽  
Celeste León-Moreno ◽  
Juan Evaristo Callejas Jerónimo
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Verbal Aggression ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Protective Parenting ◽  
Relevant Topic

The link between parenting style and violent behavior during adolescence has become a relevant topic of research over the last few years. In order to deepen the understanding of this relationship, the aim of the present study was to examine what type of parenting style (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian, and neglectful) is more protective against child-to-parent violence (CPV). A total of 2112 adolescents of both sexes participated in this study (50.2% men and 49.8% women), aged between 12 and 18 years (M = 14. 72, SD = 1.55). A multivariate factorial design (MANOVA, 4 × 2 × 3) was applied using parenting style, sex, and age group (12–14, 15–16, and 17–18 years) as independent variables and dimensions of CPV (physical and verbal aggression against the mother and father) as dependent variables. As shown in the results, the lowest scores on all the dimensions of CPV examined corresponded to the adolescents from indulgent families. Further, two interaction effects were observed between parenting style and age in verbal aggression against the mother and verbal aggression against the father. Regarding these effects, the adolescents from indulgent families obtained the lowest scores in two of the three age groups analyzed (12–14 years and 15–16 years). In the 17–18 years group, adolescents from authoritative families obtained similar but lower values than those coming from families with an indulgent style of parenting. These findings suggest that indulgent style is the most protective parenting style against CPV and also highlight the importance of affective warmth, emotional nurturance, and support giving in preventing CPV.

Glottal Airflow Characteristics of Women's Voice Production Along an Aging Continuum

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Sapienza ◽  
Jeniffer Dutka
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Healthy Individual ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Voice Production ◽  
Women's Voice ◽  
Dependent Variables

Anatomical and physiological changes of the speech production mechanism that occur with aging may result in phonatory distinctions between older and younger speakers. This investigation examined amplitude-based glottal airflow characteristics from sustained vowel production in healthy adult women. Sixty women participated in this study, 10 each in six age groups of 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, 60-, and 70-year-olds. Measures included peak, alternating, and minimum glottal airflow. Additionally, a ratio of minimum to peak glottal airflow was calculated. Results from an analysis of variance indicated no significant group mean difference for any of the dependent measures. A greater variability in peak glottal airflow for the 70-year-old age group as compared to the 20-year-old age group was found. None of the dependent variables were significantly related to age and therefore were not good predictors of age. The results imply that laryngeal senescence in healthy women may not be significant enough to affect the magnitude of phonatory function parameters. Either the assumed anatomical changes produce less significant phonatory change in the healthy individual or the healthy individual is more capable of using strategies to counteract degenerative laryngeal changes.

THE IMPACT OF AIRPORT ROAD WAYFINDING ONSENIOR DRIVER BEHAVIOUR

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽  
Rohafiz Sabar ◽  
Romano Pagliari ◽  
Richard Moxon
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Driver Behaviour ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Car Driving

The purpose of this study was to measure the impacts of airport road access design and wayfinding systems on senior driver performances. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road (i.e. approximately 4 minutes driving to complete each scenario). Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA results showed that in comparison of senior drivers’ age group, there is a low impact between driving behaviour and road safety on airport road access wayfinding design.

Feasibility of smart wearables for driver drowsiness detection and its potential among different age groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kundinger ◽  
Phani Krishna Yalavarthi ◽  
Andreas Riener ◽  
Philipp Wintersberger ◽  
Clemens Schartmüller
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Drowsiness Detection ◽  
Driver Drowsiness

Purpose Drowsiness is a common cause of severe road accidents. Therefore, numerous drowsiness detection methods were developed and explored in recent years, especially concepts using physiological measurements achieved promising results. Nevertheless, existing systems have some limitations that hinder their use in vehicles. To overcome these limitations, this paper aims to investigate the development of a low-cost, non-invasive drowsiness detection system, using physiological signals obtained from conventional wearable devices. Design/methodology/approach Two simulator studies, the first study in a low-level driving simulator (N = 10) to check feasibility and efficiency, and the second study in a high-fidelity driving simulator (N = 30) including two age groups, were conducted. An algorithm was developed to extract features from the heart rate signals and a data set was created by labelling these features according to the identified driver state in the simulator study. Using this data set, binary classifiers were trained and tested using various machine learning algorithms. Findings The trained classifiers reached a classification accuracy of 99.9%, which is similar to the results obtained by the studies which used intrusive electrodes to detect ECG. The results revealed that heart rate patterns are sensitive to the drivers’ age, i.e. models trained with data from one age group are not efficient in detecting drowsiness for another age group, suggesting to develop universal driver models with data from different age groups combined with individual driver models. Originality/value This work investigated the feasibility of driver drowsiness detection by solely using physiological data from wrist-worn wearable devices, such as smartwatches or fitness trackers that are readily available in the consumer market. It was found that such devices are reliable in drowsiness detection.

Effect of a cognitive test at license renewal for older drivers on their crash risk in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Ichikawa ◽  
Haruhiko Inada ◽  
Shinji Nakahara
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
License Renewal

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of adding a cognitive test to a license renewal procedure for drivers aged 75 years or older in reducing their motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). The test has been obligatory since June 2009.MethodsUsing monthly police-reported national data on MVCs from January 2005 through December 2016, we calculated the rates of MVCs per licensed driver-year by sex and age group (70–74, 75–79, 80–84 and 85 years or older) for each month together with the ratios of MVC rates of drivers in the three oldest age groups (which are subject to the test) to those of the 70–74 years group (not subject to the test) to control for extraneous factors affecting MVCs over the study period. Then, we conducted an interrupted time-series analysis by regressing the rate ratio stratified by sex and age group on the number of months from January 2005, June 2009 (when the cognitive test was introduced to a license renewal procedure) and June 2012 (when all drivers subject to the test have taken it at least once).ResultsThe rates showed a longitudinal decrease in male and female drivers over the study period without any apparent effects of the introduction of the cognitive test while no significant decrease was observed in the rate ratios after the introduction of the cognitive test.ConclusionsThere were no clear safety benefits of the cognitive test for drivers aged 75 years or older to reduce their MVCs.

Age Similarity and Helping Intentions

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoel Yinon ◽  
Irit Sharon ◽  
Bat-Ami Malkiman
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Children, adolescents, adults, and pensioners were requested to collect books for either their own age group or any of the other age groups mentioned, in a 4X4 factorial design. Data analysis revealed main effects for both the age of the potential helper and recipient, as well as an interaction between these two independent variables. However, none of the age groups exhibited a tendency to help their own age group more than the other age groups. The findings' pattern is discussed in detail.

scholarly journals Does Useful Field of Vision Predict Attention While Driving Between Young and Older Adults?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 752-753
Author(s):  
Rebecca Dunterman ◽  
R Intrieri
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Field Of Vision ◽  
Prime Objective ◽  
Driving Fitness

Abstract The Insurance Information Institute (2017) reports drivers aged 65 and up are involved in the second highest rate of fatal car crashes. It is important that there is a fair and standardized assessment to test driving fitness. The prime objective was to assess the utility of the Useful Field of View (UFOV) across young and old groups to predict performance on a simulated driving exercise. Community-dwelling adults aged 65 and older (n=48) and students (n=48) recruited from an undergraduate research pool served as participants. They completed a series of demographic, health and cognitive measures, besides a Useful Field of Vison (UFOV) task and a driving simulation exercise. Results showed that collision avoidance and braking varied between age groups, with older adults appearing to be less likely to avoid collision (Older M = 12.46, SD = 10.25, Younger (M = 7.96, SD =4.92; n = 47), but quicker to brake (Older M = 3.64, SD = 3.41, Younger M = 9.79, SD =7.91). There were group differences for driving simulator performance, predicted by cognitive measures (Young; R2 = .099, p = 0.005; Old; R2 = 0.094, p = 0.038). UFOV scores did not predict group differences in driving simulator performance (Young; R2 = 0.009, p = 0.664; β = 0.089, p = 0.437) , (Older; R2 = 0.061, p = 0.522; UFOV-DA β = -0.074, p = 0.555; UFOV_SA β = 0.289, p = 0.194). These findings have implication for the development of pragmatic capacity to drive assessments.

scholarly journals THE DIFFERENCE OF EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMATED AND NON-ANIMATED MOVIES ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF CHILDREN’S KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES ABOUT DENTAL HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Isha Sandya ◽  
Sri Widati
Keyword(s):  
Dental Health ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Behavior

According to Basic Health Research 2013 states that the age group less than 12 years ie age 5-9 years 28.9% suffered dental caries. The aim of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of animated movies and non- animated movies in improving children’s knowledge and behavior concerning dental health. This study was designed based on quasi experimental design. The samples of this study were the students of Class 3A and Class 3B SDN 03 Kepanjen consisting of 63 students. The independent variables of this study were animated movie and non-animated movie concerning dental health while the dependent variables were children’s knowledge and behavior. The collected data were analyzed using Mann Whitney test. The findings of this study show that the respondents are aged between 8 and 10 years old. There is difference in terms of knowledge before and after the students received intervention through animated movie and non-animated movie. Animated movie seems to be more effective in improving the respondents’ knowledge to maintain dental health than non-animated movie as indicated by the average score for animated movie intervention is higher than non-animated movie intervention.

The Effect of Collagen Mediated Platelet Release on Plasma Prekallikrein Activation

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (01) ◽  
pp. 037-041 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Weerasinghe ◽  
M F Scully ◽  
V V Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Activated Platelets ◽  
Platelet Release ◽  
Collagen Treatment

SummaryCollagen mediated platelet aggregation caused -5.6 ± 6.7% inhibition and +39.1 ± 15.2% potentiation of prekallikrein activation in plasma from normal healthy volunteers between 20–40 and 50–65 years of age, respectively (n = 15, p <0.01). The amouns of platelet factor-four (PF4) released in the two groups were not significantly different. Collagen treatment in the presence of indomethacin caused +11.5 ± 3.6% and +59.6 ± 19.5% potentiation in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups respectively (p <0.02). Adrenaline mediated platelet aggregation caused -55.2 ± 7.1% and -35.2 ± 8.3% inhibition in the 20–40 and 50–65 age groups, respectively. Collagen treatment of platelet-deficient-plasma and platelet-rich-plasma in EDTA also caused potentiation of prekallikrein activation.The results indicate that the observed degree of prekallikrein activation after platelet aggregation is a net result of the inhibitory effect of PF4 and the potentiatory effect of activated platelets. The potentiatory effect was greater after collagen treatment as compared to adrenaline treatment, and in the 50–65 age group as compared to the 20–40 age group.

Health and Nutritional Status of Orphan Children’s Living in Orphanages with Special Reference to District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkoor Ahmad Lone ◽  
Dr. P. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The practice of placing deprived children having least or no emotional and material resources, in orphanages has since long been prevailing in socio -economically poor Asian countries. A sample of 30 children residing in orphanage in district Anantnag in the age group of 13-18 years was selected for the present study. Most of the children were found socially and psychologically disturbed. As per Indian Academy Paediatrics (IAP) classification with respect to weight for age the condition was not bad that as approximately 67% percent of the children were found to be normal. In the same way height for age as per Waterloo’s classification shown that more than half of the children were normal. On clinical examination approximately 47% of children were normal, while as rest were suffering from dispigmentation of hair, moon face, xerosis of skin cheilosis, magenta tongue, spongy bleeding gums, oedema, conjuctival xerosis, and mottled dental enamel. The findings indicated that nutritional intake was deficient for all nutrients when compared to, Recommended Daily Allowances Chart (RDA) for all age groups which may be linked to poor planning of menus in orphanages.

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