Suicidal Ideation in a Random Community Sample: Attributable Risk Due to Depression and Psychosocial and Traumatic Events

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Goldney ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
Eleonora Dal Grande ◽  
Laura J. Fisher ◽  
Alexander C. McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Population Attributable Risks

Objective: To determine the attributable risk for suicidal ideation of depression and psychosocial and traumatic events in a random and representative population. Method: Data were gathered from a random and representative sample of 2501 South Australians. Suicidal ideation and clinical depression were determined by the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the short-form health survey (SF-12) respectively, and information regarding psychosocial stressors and traumatic events was collated. These data were subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the population-attributable risks for suicidal ideation. Results: Overall, 5.6% of men and 5.3% of women had suicidal ideation. Univariate analyses demonstrated a significant attributable risk for suicidal ideation for depression and the majority of the psychosocial and traumatic events. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that clinical depression remained significantly associated with suicidal ideation, with a population-attributable risk of 46.9%. Because of the small number of people in the population who experience both suicidal ideation and specific events, multivariate analysis could not be applied to individual events. However, even when the psychosocial events were summed, they no longer remained significantly associated with suicidal ideation, whereas the summation of traumatic events remained significant, with a population-attributable risk of 38.0%. Conclusions: These results confirm the importance of traumatic events as significant factors in contributing to suicidal ideation. However, of even greater importance is that they indicate, unequivocally, the magnitude of the contribution of clinical depression to suicidal ideation, with the population-attributable risk of depression indicating that elimination of mood disorders would reduce suicidal ideation by up to 46.9%.

scholarly journals The Australian Genetics of Depression Study: Study Description and Sample Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enda M Byrne ◽  
Katherine M Kirk ◽  
Sarah E Medland ◽  
John J McGrath ◽  
Richard Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Medical Practitioner ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Participant Group

AbstractObjectivesDepression is the most common psychiatric disorder and the largest contributor to global disability. The Australian Genetics of Depression study was established to recruit a large cohort of individuals who have been diagnosed with depression, and to investigate genetic and environmental risk factors for depression and response to commonly prescribed antidepressants. This paper describes the recruitment and characteristics of the sample.MethodsParticipants completed an online questionnaire that consisted of a compulsory module that assessed self-reported psychiatric history, clinical depression using the Composite Interview Diagnostic Interview Short Form, and experiences of using commonly prescribed antidepressants. Further voluntary modules assessed a wide range of traits of relevance to psychopathology. Participants who reported they were willing to provide a DNA sample were sent a saliva kit in the mail.ResultsA total of 20,689 participants, 75% of whom were female, enrolled in the study. The average age of participants was 43 years ± 15 years. 15,807 participants (76% of the participant group) returned saliva kits. The overwhelming majority of participants reported being given a diagnosis of depression by a medical practitioner and 88% met the criteria for a depressive episode. Rates of comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders were high. Two-thirds of the sample reported having taken more than one type of antidepressant during treatment for their depression.ConclusionsThis study was effective in recruiting a large community sample of people with a history of clinical depression, highlighting the willingness of Australians to engage with medical research. A combination of recruitment through health records and media as well as use of an online questionnaire made it feasible to recruit the large sample needed for investigating the genetics of common diseases. It will be a valuable resource for investigating risk factors for depression, treatment response to antidepressants and susceptibility to side effects.

scholarly journals Death Ideation and Suicidal Ideation in a Community Sample Who Do Not Meet Criteria for Major Depression

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhui Joo ◽  
Seungyoung Hwang ◽  
Joseph J. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Lifetime History ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Suicide is strongly associated with depression, but many without depression have thoughts of death. Aims: To characterize persons who did not meet criteria for depressive illness but endorsed death ideation or suicidal ideation over the course of a 10-year follow-up. Method: Subjects included 753 participants of the Baltimore sample of the Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program, a population-based 10-year follow-up survey, who neither met criteria for major depressive disorder nor reported death or suicidal ideation in 1994. Results: Persons with death ideation or suicidal ideation in 2004 were generally distressed as measured by the General Health Questionnaire. At baseline, both groups endorsed difficulty with concentration, feeling unhappy, and taking things hard. Functional problems such as social withdrawal were endorsed by both groups. Those with suicidal ideation had a longer lifetime history of social phobia. Persons with death ideation did not use more health services but sought help from persons in their social network. Conclusion: Thoughts of death are associated with distress even in persons who do not have depressive illness. This group of persons may have subclinical depressive symptoms that will not be detected by depression screening. Detection of these persons will require broadening our concept of persons at risk.

scholarly journals Chlamydia pneumoniae and chronic asthma: Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of population attributable risk

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250034
Author(s):  
David L. Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Pneumoniae ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Asthma Severity ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
Attributable Risk ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Chronic Asthma ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Population Attributable Risks

Background Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) is an obligate intracellular human respiratory pathogen producing persisting lung infection with a plausible link to asthma pathogenesis. The population attributable risk of potentially treatable Cp infection in asthma has not been reported. Methods The author searched from 2000 to 2020 inclusive for previously un-reviewed and new cross sectional and prospective controlled studies of Cp biomarkers and chronic asthma in both children and adults. Qualitative descriptive results and quantitative estimates of population attributable risk for selected biomarkers (specific IgG, IgA and IgE) are presented. Findings No large, long-term prospective population-based studies of Cp infection and asthma were identified. About half of case-control studies reported one or more significant associations of Cp biomarkers and chronic asthma. Heterogeneity of results by age group (pediatric v adult asthma), severity category (severe/uncontrolled, moderate/partly controlled, mild/controlled) and antibody isotype (specific IgG, IgA, IgE) were suggested by the qualitative results and confirmed by meta-analyses. The population attributable risks for Cp-specific IgG and IgA were nul in children and were 6% (95% confidence interval 2%-10%, p = 0.002) and 13% (9%-18%, p<0.00001) respectively in adults. In contrast to the nul or small population attributable risks for Cp-specific IgG and IgA, the population attributable risk for C. pneumoniae-specific IgE (children and adults combined) was 47% (39%-55%, p<0.00001). In the subset of studies that reported on asthma severity categories, Cp biomarkers were positively and significantly (P<0.00001) associated with asthma severity. Interpretation C. pneumoniae-specific IgE is strongly associated with asthma and asthma severity, suggesting a possible mechanism linking chronic Cp infection with asthma in a subset of individuals with asthma. Infection biomarkers should be included in future macrolide treatment trials for severe and uncontrolled asthma.

Suicidal Ideation in Pakistani College Students

Crisis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehar Khokher ◽  
Murad M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Pakistani Population ◽  
Single Parent Families ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract. Suicidal behavior includes ideation, attempts and completed suicides. Information on suicidal behavior from Pakistan, a conservative South Asian Islamic country, is lacking. To address the issue, a pilot study was carried out to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation in Pakistani college students. Suicidal ideation was assessed on the basis of responses to four questions contained in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire-28. Of the total 217 completed questionnaires, the overall rate of suicidal ideation was 31.4%. While there was no significant difference between genders, more females (33%) than males (29.2%) responded positively. Respondents belonging to single parent families and those living at home, compared to those using hostel facilities, reported higher rates. The reported rate in our sample is higher than similar studies conducted elsewhere. There is the need for more information in this important area of suicidal behavior, including studying such feelings in school going children as well as in a larger community sample. The findings of such studies can contribute to our understanding of the suicidal process in the Pakistani population and to address it at various levels.

scholarly journals Marital status and suicidal ideation among Australian older adults: the mediating role of sense of belonging

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne McLaren ◽  
Rapson Gomez ◽  
Peter Gill ◽  
Jessica Chesler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model

ABSTRACTBackground:Marriage has been identified as a protective factor in relation to suicide among older adults. The current study aimed to investigate whether sense of belonging mediated the marital status–suicidal ideation relationship, and whether gender moderated the mediation model. It was hypothesized that the relationship between being widowed and lower levels of sense of belonging, and between lower levels of belonging and higher levels of suicidal ideation, would be stronger for older men than older women.Methods:A community sample of Australian men (n = 286) and women (n = 383) aged from 65 to 98 years completed the psychological subscale of the Sense of Belonging Instrument and the suicide subscale of the General Health Questionnaire.Results:The results supported the moderated mediation model, with gender influencing the marital status–sense of belonging relation. For men, widowhood was associated with lower levels of belongingness, whereas for women, marital status was unrelated to sense of belonging.Conclusions:It would appear crucial to develop and implement interventions which assist older men to find new ways to feel important and valued after the death of their spouse.

Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammed Madadin ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Maha A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Almulhim ◽  
Mahdi S. Abumadini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depression Subscale ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Medical students are at high risk of suicidal ideation. Aim: We aimed to obtain information on suicidal ideation among medical students in Dammam located in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the College of Medicine affiliated with Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Suicidal ideation in the past 12 months was assessed based on responses to four questions in the depression subscale of the General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). In addition, data were collected to examine the association of suicidal ideation with various factors. Results: We found that 1 in 3 medical students in the study had suicidal ideation in the past 12 months, while around 40% had lifetime suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was associated with feelings of parental neglect, history of physical abuse, and dissatisfaction with academic performance. Limitations: The cross-sectional nature of this study limits its ability to determine causality regarding suicidal ideation. Conclusion: These rates are considerably high when compared with rates from studies in other countries around the world. This study provides a reference in the field of suicidology for this region of Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Sleep Problems among Adolescent Students: Mediation by Depression or Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
E-Jin Park ◽  
Shin-Young Kim ◽  
Yeeun Kim ◽  
Dajung Sung ◽  
Bora Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
The Relationship

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are known to be closely related to depression, anxiety and sleep problems. However, it remains unclear whether adolescents with ACEs have sleep problems regardless of depression or anxiety or under a mediating effect from depression or anxiety. Therefore, our aim was to examine whether depression or anxiety mediates the relationship between ACEs and sleep problems in adolescents by using a community sample. The Early Trauma Inventory Self Report–Short Form (ETISR-SF) and List of Threatening Experiences Questionnaire (LTE-Q) were used to assess traumatic ACEs. Ultimately, data from 737 students (M = 448, F = 289, 15.1 ± 1.4 years old) were included in the statistical analysis. A total of 576 (78.1%) participants reported that they had experienced one or more ACEs. Adolescents with ACEs had higher levels of depression, anxiety and sleep problems than did adolescents without ACEs, and boys tended to experience more trauma than girls. Depression and anxiety partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and sleep problems. The results of this study suggest the need for depression and anxiety interventions for adolescents with ACEs to reduce the long-term consequences, including sleep problems and physical health problems.

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