scholarly journals Optimization of extraction of chitin from procambarus clarkia shell by Box-Behnken design

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Fang Dong ◽  
Hailong Qiu ◽  
Shaoqian Jia ◽  
Cuiping Dai ◽  
Qingxin Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Actual Yield ◽  
Optimum Extraction

This paper investigated the optimizing extraction processing of chitin from procambarus clarkia shell by Box-Behnken design. Firstly, four independent variables were explored in single factor experiments, namely, concentration of hydrochloric acid, soaking time, concentration of sodium hydroxide and reaction time. Then, based on the results of the above experiments, four factors and three levels experiments were planned by Box-Behnken design. According to the experimental results, we harvested a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. In addition, the optimum extraction process of chitin of the model was obtained: concentration of HCl solution 1.54mol/L, soaking time 19.87h, concentration of NaOH solution 2.9mol/L and reaction time 3.54h. For proving the accuracy of the model, we finished the verification experiment under the following conditions: concentration of hydrochloric acid 1.5mol/L, soaking time 20h, concentration of sodium hydroxide 3mol/L and reaction time 3.5h. The actual yield of chitin reached 18.76%, which was very close to the predicted yield (18.66%) of the model. The result indicated that the optimum extraction processing of chitin was feasible and practical.

scholarly journals Application of Box-Behnken Design in Optimization of Glucose Production from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Cellulose

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satriani Aga Pasma ◽  
Rusli Daik ◽  
Mohamad Yusof Maskat ◽  
Osman Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Validation Experiments

Oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFB) is a lignocellulosic waste from palm oil mills. It contains mainly cellulose from which glucose can be derived to serve as raw materials for valuable chemicals such as succinic acid. A three-level Box-Behnken design combined with the canonical and ridge analysis was employed to optimize the process parameters for glucose production from OPEFB cellulose using enzymatic hydrolysis. Organosolv pretreatment was used to extract cellulose from OPEFB using ethanol and water as the solvents. The extracted cellulose was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Hydrolysis parameters including amount of enzyme, amount of cellulose, and reaction time were investigated. The experimental results were fitted with a second-order polynomial equation by a multiple regression analysis and found that more than 97% of the variations could be predicted by the models. Using the ridge analysis, the optimal conditions reaction time found for the production of glucose was 76 hours and 30 min, whereas the optimum amount of enzyme and cellulose was 0.5 mL and 0.9 g, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the corresponding response value predicted for glucose concentration was 169.34 g/L, which was confirmed by validation experiments.

Resource recovery of waste incineration fly ash: Synthesis of tobermorite as ion exchanger

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 4437-4442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhidong Yao ◽  
Chikashi Tamura ◽  
Motohide Matsuda ◽  
Michihiro Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Waste Incineration Fly Ash

Tobermorite was synthesized successfully from waste incineration fly ash by hydrothermal treatment in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution. The tobermorite synthesis was examined as a function of reaction temperature, time, and NaOH concentration. The formation of tobermorite was identified in all of the fly ash treated with NaOH at 180 °C, followed by the minor generations of sodalite and cancrinite phases with increasing NaOH concentration and extending reaction time. The NaOH-treated fly ash revealed the uptake behaviors for Cs+ and NH4+, whereas the fly ash untreated with NaOH solution did not show that. The uptake amounts of resulting products were also determined: 0.40 mmol/g for Cs+ and 0.35 mmol/g for NH4+ in the fly ash treated with 2.0 M NaOH at 180 °C for 20 h.

scholarly journals Optimization of Solvent Extraction of Oil from Watermelon (Citrullus lanata) and its Fatty Acid Characterization

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Issue 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A Babatunde ◽  
F.N Osuolale ◽  
O.O Agbede ◽  
E.O Olafimihan ◽  
A.D Ogunsola
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Size Particle ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Solvent Volume

Watermelon also known as Citrullus lanata is one of the major underutilized fruits grown in the warmer part of the world. Over the years, with respect to the high rate of production of watermelon along with lack of consciousness of the benefits, its seed has suffered negligence and consequently become waste. Due to the growing awareness of the usage of seed oil; there is need to maximize the use and identify the appropriate sets of parameters necessary for the optimum extraction of the oil. This research looked at the parametric effect of hot continuous extraction process at 60-700Cfor watermelon seed using response surface methodology, Box Behnken design with 3 variables which are time of extraction, solvent volume and size particle of 30-50 mins, 100-200 ml and 4-10 μm respectively. The optimized solution indicates that the time of extraction of 50 mins, 199.99 ml of solvent with 10 μm of size particle give the maximum oil yield of 68% compared to the maximum experimental oil yield of 52.5%. Free fatty acid (FFA) content in the oil was determined using (Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 2000 method which gives 17.35%, (higher than 1.0% standard) indicating the need to reduce the FFA content in the oil before the production of biodiesel to avoid low fatty methyl ester (FAME) production against high soap formation.

Optimisation of the Oil Extraction from Nigella sativa Seeds Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Gabriela Isopencu ◽  
Mirela Marfa ◽  
Iuliana Jipa ◽  
Marta Stroescu ◽  
Anicuta Stoica Guzun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Experimental Values

Nigella sativa, also known as black cumin, an annual herbaceous plant growing especially in Mediterranean countries, has recently gained considerable interest not only for its use as spice and condiment but also for its healthy properties of the fixed and essential oil and its potential as a biofuel. Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil, due to its high content in linoleic acid followed by oleic and palmitic acid, could be beneficial to human health. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum conditions for the solvent extraction of Nigella sativa seeds fixed oil using a three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) under response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained experimental data, fitted by a second-order polynomial equation were analysed by Pareto analysis of variance (ANOVA). From a total of 10 coefficients of the statistical model only 5 are important. The obtained experimental values agreed with the predicted ones.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Substituted Bis- and Mono-azo Dyes as Corrosion Inhibitors for Aluminium in Hydrochloric Acid and Sodium Hydroxide Solutions

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
Loutfy H. Madkour ◽  
R. M. Issa ◽  
I. M. El-Ghrabawy
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Alkaline Corrosion

This investigation is designed to apply an advanced kinetic–thermodynamic model on the data obtained from acidic and alkaline corrosion of aluminium using bis- and mono-azo dyes as corrosion inhibitors.

Mercury Removal from Fish Protein Concentrate

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1777-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Regier
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Mercury Removal ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Proteinaceous Food

The potential reclamation of mercury contaminated proteinaceous food by an extraction procedure such as employed in making fish protein concentrate was investigated. The addition of hydrochloric acid to the isopropanol extractant was found to give removals as high as 93% from dry swordfish protein concentrate. The normal Halifax isopropanol extraction process did not effect any significant removal of the mercury.Preliminary studies of the variables indicated acid concentration, kind of alcohol (ethanol and isopropanol), alcohol concentration, extractant volume, and number of extractions were important in the extraction.

Study on the Rice Straw Pretreated with NaOH for Biogasification

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Jia You Li ◽  
Xiao Mei Ye ◽  
Jian Xing Yu ◽  
Li Ling Cai ◽  
Shan Ming Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Main Factors

In this study, Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface analysis (RSA) methodology were employed to plan experiments and optimize the NaOH pretreatment of rice straw. Experimental results showed that concentration of NaOH (CS), treatment time (TT) and ratio of rice straw with NaOH (RS) were main factors governing the biogasification of rice straw. The polynomial equation describing the biogasification as a simultaneous function of the CS, TT and RS was confirmed. The FTIR analysis and SEM images of straws further confirmed that NaOH could disrupt the silicified waxy surface, break down the lignin-hemicellulose complex and partially remove silicon and lignin from the pretreated rice straw.

scholarly journals Comparison of Phenols Content and Antioxidant Activity of Fruits from Different Maturity Stages of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Delin Qi ◽  
Shulin Wang ◽  
Xiaohai Cao ◽  
Ying Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Solvent Concentration ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Unripe Fruits

Differences in the content of nine phenols and the antioxidant capacity of Ribes stenocarpum Maxim (RSM) fruits at different stages of maturity were investigated, and the extraction process of polyphenols from RSM was also optimized using Box-Behnken design method. Results showed that the content of the nine phenols varied considerably at different ripening stages; catechin, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were abundant in immature fruits but decreased with fruit ripening, whereas the levels of rosemary acid and querctin acid were low in immature fruits and increased with time, reaching the highest value after the fruit was completely mature. The phenols extracted from RSM fruits possessed good antioxidant activities for effective and rapid scavenging of DPPH and ABTS free radicals, as well as intracellular ROS. Analysis of the phenols content at different maturity stages indicated that the unripe fruits had significantly higher polyphenols content than mature fruits. Consequently, unripe fruits possessed higher antioxidant activities. According to the overall results of the extraction process optimization, the selected optimal conditions for extracting polyphenols from RSM were as follows: extraction time, 95 min; solvent concentration, 60%; ratio of sample to solvent, 1:25.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Wood and Char Samples

Radiocarbon ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 342-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyman Schultz ◽  
L. A. Currie ◽  
F. R. Matson ◽  
W. W. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Chemical Examination ◽  
Free Sample

It has been shown that contamination from humic acids, chitin, fungal products, etc., contributing young carbon, and from bitumen and carbonate, contributing old carbon, may not be completely removed from wood and char samples by the usual hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatments of the samples. A procedure is offered for the isolation of a pure chemical substance from such samples, cellulose from wood and uncombined carbon from char, that must represent the original material. Cellulose is prepared by boiling the resin-free sample in 1.25% H2SO4 and 1.25% NaOH, adding Schweitzer's reagent, filtering, and precipitating from the filtrate by acidification. Uncombined carbon is separated from char samples as the flocculant precipitate remaining after boiling in 70% HNO3, followed by settling overnight from a large volume of 6M HNO3. A simple procedure for the chemical examination of char samples is also offered for the estimation of the amounts of bitumen, carbonate, combined, and uncombined carbon in char.

TENSILE STRENGTH OF SINGLE CONTINUOUS FIBER EXTRACTED FROM MENGKUANG LEAVES

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Syahmi Hamizol ◽  
Puteri Sri Melor Megat-Yusoff*
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Continuous Fiber ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The focus of this paper is to obtain a continuous cellulose fiber (CCF) from mengkuang leaves of the pandanus genus using chemical extraction process and to measure its tensile properties. The higher the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the longer soaking times employed during the alkaline treatment of the mengkuang leaves, the higher the cellulose content extracted. The highest tensile strength of 520 MPa was measured for single CCF treated with optimum extraction parameters of 2% NaOH for 60 minutes. Amount of cellulose content of the extracted fiber showed an inverse relationship with the fiber’s tensile strength. The removal of lignin and hemicellulose content during extraction process may have caused the reduction in the fiber’s tensile strength.

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