scholarly journals The Innovative Process in the Interruption of Wind Power in Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Brito António ◽  
Neves Luís
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Mathematical Algorithm ◽  
Innovative Process

The production of energy under a special regime of renewable origin has had a sustainable evolution in Portugal. Since the 1990s, the percentage of renewables has been growing steadily, with special emphasis being given to wind, photovoltaic, mini-hydro, biogas and high-efficiency cogeneration [1]. More recently there has been a strong push in promoting small scale production and self-consumption [2]. There are several periods of time when the country’s electricity load is 100% supplied by renewable energy. There are also periods when surplus renewable energy is exported to Spain. However, there are some periods when production exceeds consumption and it is then necessary to reduce wind power production. In Portugal there is an innovative process underway to carry out this reduction, which was systematized by the General Department of Energy and Geology in Order No. 8810/2015, of August 10. Thus, in the case of wind power plants that receive power reduction orders, the remuneration equivalent to that which is lost is paid by the other producers, through the Last Resort Supplier. Those power plants that have not been interrupted pay a percentage of their power produce to the Last Resort Supplier, to compensate those that have been interrupted. The total of the payments made to the producers whose power plants were interrupted must equal the receipts from those plants that continued to produce energy. This new concept is exemplified in this paper by the wind power cut that occurred on March 12 and 13, 2017 in Portugal. An explanation of what occurred on that day is presented, to understand why this cut was made, having been reached the limits of energy exports to Spain. To implement this new interruptible compensation model it was necessary to develop a mathematical algorithm and include it in the computer application named GPCE - Producers’ Management and Energy Purchase, that belongs to the Last Resort Supplier. When the interruption occurred in March 2017, the computer system worked correctly. The sum of the payments made equaled the sum of the receipts. It should be noted that there was a high degree of discipline shown by the producers.

Investigation of the Down-Scaling Effects on the Low Swirl Burner and its Application to Microturbines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Frank ◽  
Peter Therkelsen ◽  
Miguel Sierra Aznar ◽  
Vi H. Rapp ◽  
Robert K. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Swirl Burner

About 75% of the electric power generated by centralized power plants feeds the energy needs from the residential and commercial sectors. These power plants waste about 67% of primary energy as heat emitting 2 billion tons of CO2 per year in the process (∼ 38% of total US CO2 generated per year) [1]. A study conducted by the United States Department of Energy indicated that developing small-scale combined heat and power systems to serve the commercial and residential sectors could have a significant impact on both energy savings and CO2 emissions. However, systems of this scale historically suffer from low efficiencies for a variety of reasons. From a combustion perspective, at these small scales, few systems can achieve the balance between low emissions and high efficiencies due in part to the increasing sensitivity of the system to hydrodynamic and heat transfer effects. Addressing the hydrodynamic impact, the effects of downscaling on the flowfield evolution were studied on the low swirl burner (LSB) to understand if it could be adapted to systems at smaller scales. Utilizing particle image velocimetry (PIV), three different swirlers were studied ranging from 12 mm to 25.4 mm representing an output range of less than 1 kW to over 23 kW. Results have shown that the small-scale burners tested exhibited similar flowfield characteristics to their larger-scale counterparts in the non-reacting cases studied. Utilizing this data, as a proof of concept, a 14 mm diameter LSB with an output of 3.33 kW was developed for use in microturbine operating on a recuperated Brayton cycle. Emissions results from this burner proved the feasibility of the system at sufficiently lean mixtures. Furthermore, integration of the newly developed LSB into a can style combustor for a microturbine application was successfully completed and comfortably meet the stringent emissions targets. While the analysis of the non-reacting cases was successful, the reacting cases were less conclusive and further investigation is required to gain an understanding of the flowfield evolution which is the subject of future work.

Design and HIL Validation of an Effective Super-Twisting Controller for Stick-Slip Suppression in Drill-String Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelbasset Krama ◽  
Mohamed Gharib ◽  
Shady S. Refaat ◽  
Alan Palazzolo
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Drill String ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Stick Slip ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
The Real

Abstract This paper presents a novel controller for drill string systems based on a super-twisting sliding mode theory. The aim is to eliminate the stick-slip vibration and maintain a constant drill string velocity at the desired reference value. The proposed controller inherently attenuates the torsional vibration while ensuring the stability and high efficiency of the drill string. A discontinuous lumped-parameter torsional model of vertical drill strings based on four components (rotary table, drill pipes, drill collars and drill bit) is considered. The Karnopp friction model is adopted to simulate the nonlinear bit-rock interaction phenomena. In order to provide a more accurate evaluation, the proposed drill string controller is implemented with the induction motor, a variable frequency drive and a gearbox to closely mirror the real environment of oil well drill strings. The increasing demand for prototyping and testing high-power plants in realistic and safe environments has led to the advancement of new types of experimental investigations without hurting the real system or building a small-scale prototype for testing. The dynamic performance of the proposed controller has been investigated with MATLAB software as well as in a novel hardware in-the-loop (HIL) testing platform. A power plant is modeled and implemented in the real-time simulator OPAL-RT 5600, whereas the controllers are implemented in the dSPACE 1103 control board. The results obtained through simulation and HIL testing demonstrate the feasibility and high performance of the proposed controller.

Renewable Energy: Myths, Legends, and Reality

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles A. Powell ◽  
Thomas W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
The Us

With many States setting goals in the 2010–2020 timeframe for increased U.S. electricity production from renewable energy sources totaling nearly 100,000 MW nationwide, innovative solutions are required; as well as the suspension of several myths of conventional wisdom concerning renewable energy. Since Wind, Hydro and Solar are “opportunity” energy supplies not necessarily available when electricity demands are high; there is a great need for a renewable, “dispatchable” energy source that would be available anytime. Building on the experience of the Pulp and Paper Industry, waste-wood fueled IGCC units of 100MW size are practical today; and new gasification technologies being developed for power plants promise high efficiency, and competitive electricity pricing. With these new IGCC technologies, the US Department of Agriculture estimates there is more than enough wood waste to meet the renewable energy goals currently being considered, cost-competitively and environmentally responsibly.

A new approach to the efficiency concept in South African industry

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Pitis ◽  
J.F. Van Rensburg ◽  
M. Kleingeld ◽  
E.H. Mathews
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Effi Ciency

This millennium is marked by a new trend: efficien-cy. In the actual economical environment, business sustainability requires high-efficiency technological processes. The efficiency concept has to be present at all levels of industrial activities. However, as com-mon practice, the efficiency concept is still regarded equivalent to ‘energy efficiency’ as mentioned in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 1996), and specifically re-defined by the Federal Energy Management Plan (Department of Energy Federal Register 1994.By analysing specific industrial processes, the authors have defined a global concept of efficiency presenting results of sound research in this field, with reference to electric motors and drives. Typical examples supporting the theoretical background reveal general impacts on the South African econo-my by implementing this new concept:•    Technical and economical performance improvement and competitiveness of South African companies to international standards;•    Defusing an incipient energy crisis in the sector;•    Improving environmental conditions (less ema-nations of carbon dioxide at the power plants); and•    Creating new job opportunities in the sector. The global concept of efficiency proposed in this paper can be further developed in assessing effi-ciency of various processes, thus improving compa-nies’ corporate energy policy.

The Vertical Axis Wind Power Controller Design

2013 ◽  
Vol 816-817 ◽  
pp. 989-992
Author(s):  
Xue Feng Bai ◽  
Pei Li ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Na Song ◽  
Cheng Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Power Controller ◽  
Battery Energy

The use of renewable energy plays an important role in the sustainable development of our social economy and environmental protection. Wind power is now one of the fastest growing forms of renewable energy. these can be steady and predictable, providing a clean, safe and potentially limitless source of power. Now, Small wind turbines use the battery energy storage. Due to the randomness of the wind power and wind speed change range is larger, it is difficult to charge a battery. In this paper ,we will introduce a set of small vertical axis wind power controller system designed that is small size, light weight, high efficiency and energy saving, good load effect , good dynamic performance, reliable work and stable output .bridge rectifier circuit, MCU and its peripheral circuit, AD conversion circuit and serial communication circuit are put into use. charging control and discharge protection are controlled by microcontroller.

scholarly journals Special Aspects of Using the Wind Power Plants In the Power Supply System

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Saken Koyshybaevich Sheryazov ◽  
Sultanbek Sansyzbaevich Issenov ◽  
Ruslan Maratbekovich Iskakov ◽  
Argyn Bauyrzhanuly Kaidar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Power Plants

The paper describes special aspects of using the wind power plants (wind turbines) in the power grid. The paper provides the classification and schematic presentation of AC wind turbines, analyzes the role, place and performance of wind power plants in Smart Grid systems with a large share of renewable energy sources. The authors also reviews a detailed analysis of existing AC wind turbines in this paper. Recommendations are given for how to enhance the wind power plants in smart grids in terms of reliability, and introduce the hardware used in the generation, conversion and interface systems into the existing power grid. After the wind power plants had been put online, the relevance of the Smart Grid concept for existing power grids was obvious. The execution of such projects is assumed to be financially costly, requires careful study, and development of flexible algorithms, but in some cases this may be the only approach. The analysis of using wind turbines shows that the structural configuration of wind power plants can be based on the principles known in the power engineering. The approaches may differ, not fundamentally, but in engineering considerations. it is necessary to point out that the method of controlling dual-power machines is quite comprehensive so that their wide use will face operational problems caused by the lack of highly professional specialists in electric drives. Therefore, it seems advisable to use square-cage asynchronous generators in wide applications. The paper shows that as the renewable energy sources are largely used in power grids, there is an issue of maintaining the power generation at a required level considering the variability of incoming wind energy. This results in the malfunctions in the operation of relay protection devices and emergency control automatics (RP and ECA), and the complicated control. Also, the standards of the CIS countries and regulatory documents miss the requirements for the wind turbine protections, taking into account their specialty causing the inefficient standard protective logic, which does not work correctly in a number of abnormal and emergency operating modes, and especially Smart Grid in power grids.

scholarly journals Assessing The Economic Viability And Fueling Capacity of Renewable Hydrogen: A Way Forward For Green Economic Performance And Policy Measures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baijun Wu ◽  
Bingfeng Zhai ◽  
Huaizi Mu ◽  
Xin Peng ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Renewable Hydrogen

Abstract Energy security and environmental measurements are incomplete without renewable energy therefore there is a dire need to explore new energy sources. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the wind power potential to generate the renewable hydrogen including its production and supply cost. We used first order eneginnering model and net present value to measure the levelized cost of wind generated renewable hydrogen by using the data source of Pakistan metorological department and State bank of Paksitan. Results shows that the use of surplus wind and renewable hydoregn energy for green economic production is suggested as an innovative project option for large-scale hydrogen use. The key annual running expenses for hydrogen are electricity and storage cost, which have a major impact on the costs of renwable hydrogen. Also, the results indicates that project has the potential to cut CO2 pollution by 139 million metric tons and raise revenue for wind power plants by 2998.52 million dollars. The renewable electrolyzer plants avoided CO2 at a rate of 24.9–36.9 $/ton under baseload service, relative to 44.3 $/ton for the benchmark. However, in the more practical mid-load situation, these plants have a significant benefit. Further, the wind generated renewable hydrogen deliver a 6–11% larger than annual rate of return than the standard CO2 catch plant due to their capacity to remain running and supply hydrogen to the consumer through periods of plentiful wind and heat. Also, the measured levelized output cost of hydrogen (LCOH) was 6.22$/kgH2 and for the PEC system, it was 8.43 $/kgH2. Finally, its mutually agreed consensus of the environmental scientist that integration of renewable energy is the way forward to increase energy security and environmental performance by ensuring uninterrupted clean and green energy. Further, this application has the potential to address Pakistan’s urgent issues of large-scale surplus wind and solar-generated energy, as well as rising enegry demand.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Biodiesel Production Plants—An Overview

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Maria Gabriela De Paola ◽  
Ivan Mazza ◽  
Rosy Paletta ◽  
Catia Giovanna Lopresto ◽  
Vincenza Calabrò
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Renewable Energy Storage

Small-scale plants that produce biodiesel have many social, economic and environmental advantages. Indeed, small plants significantly contribute to renewable energy production and rural development. Communities can use/reuse local raw materials and manage independently processes to obtain biofuels by essential, simple, flexible and cheap tools for self-supply. The review and understanding of recent plants of small biodiesel production is essential to identify limitations and critical units for improvement of the current process. Biodiesel production consists of four main stages, that are pre-treatment of oils, reaction, separation of products and biodiesel purification. Among lots of possibilities, waste cooking oils were chosen as cheap and green sources to produce biodiesel by base-catalyzed transesterification in a batch reactor. In this paper an overview on small-scale production plants is presented with the aim to put in evidence process, materials, control systems, energy consumption and economic parameters useful for the project and design of such scale of plants. Final considerations related to the use of biodiesel such as renewable energy storage (RES) in small communities are discussed too.

scholarly journals The Renewable Energy Production Capability of Settlements to Meet Local Electricity and Transport Energy Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3636
Author(s):  
Balázs Kulcsár ◽  
Tamás Mankovits ◽  
Piroska Gyöngyi Ailer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Individual

In addition to the examination of electric power from local renewables, this study has sought the answer to the question of what proportion of vehicles are fueled by environmentally friendly energy saving technologies in the vehicle fleets of Hungarian settlements. Further, the study attempts to shed light on the self-sufficiency of Hungarian settlements with respect to the electricity and transport segments. In our assessments, the performance of small-scale household power plants (SSHPPs) utilizing local renewable energy sources, and small-scale power plants with installed capacities under 0.5 MW, was taken into account, as were the proportions of vehicles operating with partly or completely clean energy sources in the vehicle fleets of the individual settlements. Finally, the composition of the vehicle fleet has been examined in the light of the quantities of renewable electricity generated in the individual settlements, in order to consider whether these settlements are capable of covering the energy needs of their vehicle stocks from local sources. In the light of the results, the changes generated by the incentives and investments introduced over the past ten years can be established and subsequently, the energy policy needs in the future can be assessed. Our study has incorporated energy geography and settlement geography aspects.

scholarly journals Implementasi bilah savonius type u dengan variasi kemiringan sudu bilah savonius pada modul ajar pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Herman Hariyadi ◽  
Leonardo Kamajaya ◽  
Fitri Fitri ◽  
Mohammad Hafidh Fadli
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Technical Specifications

ABSTRAKPertumbuhan dan konsumsi listrik yang tidak berimbang serta tingkat polusi yang terus meningkat, mendorong banyak penelitian tentang pembangkit listrik energi baru dan terbarukan. Salah satu energi terbarukan yang menghasilkan energi listrik adalah pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu. Turbin angin jenis savonius merupakan turbin yang sesuai dioperasikan dengan kecepatan angin yang relatif rendah dan cocok digunakan sebagai pembangkit listrik berskala kecil. Pada penelitian ini penulis juga mengkaji konfigurasi variasi kemiringan sudu bilah savonius tipe u overlap dan tipe u non-overlap. Agar mengetahui spesifikasi teknik pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu ini, penulis merancang prototype pembangkit listrik tenaga bayu turbin savonius dengan variasi kecepatan angin 0-8 m/s, variasi kemiringan sudu turbin sebesar 00, 150 dan 300. Berdasarkan percobaan yang telah dilakukan turbin dengan kemiringan sudu 150 pada bilah savonius non overlap menghasilkan tegangan dan RPM paling tinggi. Rata-rata tegangan yang dihasilkan pada kemiringan sudu tersebut adalah 3,61V pada 1081 RPM, dan arus keluaran mencapai 950mA dengan beban resistor 10Ω. Data logger digunakan untuk menyimpan data berbagai sensor tersebut kemudian di plot dalam bentuk grafik dengan komunikasi serial ke PC untuk selanjutnya dianalisa. ABSTRACTThe growth and disproportionate consumption of electricity as well as the level of pollution continues to increase, prompting a lot of research on new and renewable energy power generation. One of the renewable energies that produces electrical energy is wind power generation. The savonius type wind turbine is a turbine that is suitable for operation with relatively low wind speeds and is suitable for use as small-scale power plants. In this study, the author also examines the configuration of the savonius blade slope variations, type u overlap and type u non-overlap. In order to know the technical specifications of this wind power plant, the author designed a prototype of the Savonius turbine wind power plant with wind speed variations of 0-8 m/s, turbine blade slope variations of 00, 150 and 300. Based on experiments that have been carried out turbines with blade slopes 150 on non-overlap savonius blades produces the highest voltage and RPM. The average voltage produced on the slope of the blade is 3.61V at 1081 RPM, and the output current reaches 950mA with a load resistor of 10Ω. The data logger is used to store data on various sensors and then plotted in the form of a graph with serial communication to a PC for further analysis.

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