scholarly journals Sunda and Sumatra Block Motion in ITRF2008

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
Henri Kuncoro ◽  
Irwan Meilano ◽  
Susilo Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Terrestrial Reference Frame ◽  
Indian Plate ◽  
Philippine Sea Plate ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Euler Pole

The Southeast Asia region is mostly surrounded by active subduction zones in which the Australian plate, the Indian plate, and the Philippine Sea plate submerges beneath the continental plates and blocks. The Sunda block covers the large part of the Southeast Asia region, which comprises of Indochina, the South China Sea, the northeastern part of Sumatra, Borneo, the northern part of Java, and the shallow seas in between. We collect the GPS data in the whole Southeast Asia region for the period from 1994 to 2016, and process the original carrier phase data of GPS using GAMIT/GLOBK 10.6 to obtain the velocity field in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, ITRF2008. The velocity field thus obtained is utilized to update the Euler rotation parameters of the Sunda block in ITRF2008, and model the long-term slip rates between the adjacent plate and blocks. In this study, we model the Sunda block and the Sumatra block together with the Australian plate by using TDEFNODE. The estimated Euler pole parameters of the Sumatra and Sunda blocks are estimated as their locations at (37.4°S, 106.8°E) and (46.2°N, 89.4°W), respectively, and their angular velocities of 0.371°/Myr clockwise, and 0.327°/Myr counter clockwise, respectively. These parameters result in the slip rate of the Sumatra fault with magnitude of ~9 mm/yr.

scholarly journals New geodetic constraints on southern San Andreas fault-slip rates, San Gorgonio Pass, California

Geosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Guns ◽  
Richard A Bennett ◽  
Joshua C. Spinler ◽  
Sally F. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Southern California ◽  
San Andreas Fault ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
Fault Slip Rates ◽  
Gps Velocity Field

Assessing fault-slip rates in diffuse plate boundary systems such as the San Andreas fault in southern California is critical both to characterize seis­mic hazards and to understand how different fault strands work together to accommodate plate boundary motion. In places such as San Gorgonio Pass, the geometric complexity of numerous fault strands interacting in a small area adds an extra obstacle to understanding the rupture potential and behavior of each individual fault. To better understand partitioning of fault-slip rates in this region, we build a new set of elastic fault-block models that test 16 different model fault geometries for the area. These models build on previ­ous studies by incorporating updated campaign GPS measurements from the San Bernardino Mountains and Eastern Transverse Ranges into a newly calculated GPS velocity field that has been removed of long- and short-term postseismic displacements from 12 past large-magnitude earthquakes to estimate model fault-slip rates. Using this postseismic-reduced GPS velocity field produces a best- fitting model geometry that resolves the long-standing geologic-geodetic slip-rate discrepancy in the Eastern California shear zone when off-fault deformation is taken into account, yielding a summed slip rate of 7.2 ± 2.8 mm/yr. Our models indicate that two active strands of the San Andreas system in San Gorgonio Pass are needed to produce sufficiently low geodetic dextral slip rates to match geologic observations. Lastly, results suggest that postseismic deformation may have more of a role to play in affecting the loading of faults in southern California than previously thought.

Inferring seismic hazards from a new 1:25,000 scale map of active and potentially-active continental faults in Chile

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Melnick ◽  
Valentina Maldonado ◽  
Martin Contreras ◽  
Julius Jara-Muñoz ◽  
Joaquín Cortés-Aranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zones ◽  
National Level ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Seismic Hazards ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Megathrust Earthquakes ◽  
Maule Earthquake

<p>Most of the seismic hazard along subduction zones is posed by great tsunamigenic earthquakes associated with the interplate megathrust fault. However, crustal faults are ubiquitous along overriding continental plates, some of which have been triggered during recent megathrust earthquakes. In Chile, the 2010 Maule earthquake (M8.8) triggered a shallow M7 earthquake on the Pichilemu fault, which had not been mapped and was unknown. In fact, M~7 earthquakes have recently occurred along unknown faults in California and New Zealand, emphasizing the need for better and more detailed mapping initiatives. A first step towards a synoptic assessment of seismic hazards posed by continental faults at the national level is mapping at a homogeneous scale to allow for a systematic comparison of faults and fault systems. Here, we present the first map of active and potentially-active faults in Chile at 1:25,000 scale, which includes published studies and newly-identified faults. All the published faults have been re-mapped using LiDAR and TanDEM-X topography, where available. Using different scaling relations, we estimate the seismic potential of all crustal faults in Chile. For specific faults where we have conducted paleoseismic and tectonic geomorphic field studies (e.g., Liquiñe-Ofqui, El Yolki, Mesamavida, and Pichilemu faults) we provide new estimates of slip rate, recurrence interval, and deformation style. We propose a segmentation model of continental faults systems in Chile, which are associated with distinct morphotectonic units and have predominant kinematics and relatively uniform slip rates. Using stress transfer models, we explore the potential feedbacks between upper-plate deformation and the megathrust seismic cycle.</p>

scholarly journals Crustal deformation of Eastern Indonesia regions derived from 2010-2018 GNSS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
Suchi Rahmadani ◽  
Irwan Meilano ◽  
Dina A. Sarsito ◽  
Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Philippine Sea Plate ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Earthquake Potential ◽  
Gps Velocity Field

Abstract Eastern Indonesia lies in a complex tectonic region due to the interaction of four major tectonic plates: the Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, Philippine Sea Plate, and Sunda Block. Therefore, this region hosted some destructive seismic activities as well as tectonic deformation, such as the Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake, the sequences of the 2018 Lombok Earthquake, and the Mw 6.5 Ambon Earthquake in 2019. Our work proposes a recent study on crustal deformation in Eastern Indonesia inferred from Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity field. We used GPS data from the observations of 49 permanent and 61 campaign stations from 2010 to 2018. Here, our velocity field result represents long-term tectonic deformation regions in Eastern Indonesia continuously, from Bali in the west to Papua in the east, demonstrated both in the ITRF 2008 and the Sunda reference frames. The spatial pattern of velocity field map collected from this research will give an initial insight into the present-day tectonic condition in Eastern Indonesia and then can be used to improve our ability to assess this area’s earthquake potential.

Temporal variation of fault slip rate in southern Taiwan by integrating GPS and InSAR observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Yang Hsiao ◽  
Wu-Lung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Fault Slip ◽  
Philippine Sea Plate ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Southern Taiwan

<p>Due to the rapid convergence of Philippine Sea Plate toward the continental margin of Eurasian Plate, the southern Taiwan has a high number of 8 active faults published by the Taiwan Central Geological Survey. We inverted the Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity measurements to investigate the slip rates on these faults and how these values could change with time, especially before and after large seismic events. In this study we employed TDEFNODE to first evaluate two fault-slip models before and after the 2016 Mw 6.4 Meinong earthquake within the periods of 2002 to 2016 (model 1) and 2016 to 2018 (model 2). Our results from these two models show that some long-term average fault slip rates were changed with time, such as the Zuozhen, Chishan and Hengchun faults that have values 30.2, 27.0 and 29.7 mm/yr in 2002-2016 and 15.2, 6.6 and 14.2 mm/yr in 2016-2018, respectively. In addition, we focused on the Mw 7.0 and Mw 6.9 2006 Hengchun doublet earthquakes by integrating the Permanent Scattered Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) data collected by ALOS from 2007 to 2011 with the GPS velocities for a joint inversion for fault slip model (model 3). The results show that the average long-term slip rates of the Chishan and Hengchun faults are 12.5 and 16.8 mm/yr, respectively, which are significantly lower than the rates of 2002-2016 (model 1). More fault models with different time spans are on the way to affirm these temporal rate changes and explore their implications on earthquake hazard analysis.</p>

Seismic Hazard Maps for Haiti

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 23-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Frankel ◽  
Stephen Harmsen ◽  
Charles Mueller ◽  
Eric Calais ◽  
Jennifer Haase
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Fault Zones ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Seismic Hazard Maps ◽  
Topographic Slope

We have produced probabilistic seismic hazard maps of Haiti for peak ground acceleration and response spectral accelerations that include the hazard from the major crustal faults, subduction zones, and background earthquakes. The hazard from the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden, Septentrional, and Matheux-Neiba fault zones was estimated using fault slip rates determined from GPS measurements. The hazard from the subduction zones along the northern and southeastern coasts of Hispaniola was calculated from slip rates derived from GPS data and the overall plate motion. Hazard maps were made for a firm-rock site condition and for a grid of shallow shear-wave velocities estimated from topographic slope. The maps show substantial hazard throughout Haiti, with the highest hazard in Haiti along the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden and Septentrional fault zones. The Matheux-Neiba Fault exhibits high hazard in the maps for 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, although its slip rate is poorly constrained.

scholarly journals Tire/Road Rolling Resistance Modeling: Discussing the Surface Macrotexture Effect

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Malal Kane ◽  
Ebrahim Riahi ◽  
Minh-Tan Do
Keyword(s):  
Slip Rate ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Profile Depth ◽  
Experimental Rolling ◽  
Resistance Modeling ◽  
Pavement Friction

This paper deals with the modeling of rolling resistance and the analysis of the effect of pavement texture. The Rolling Resistance Model (RRM) is a simplification of the no-slip rate of the Dynamic Friction Model (DFM) based on modeling tire/road contact and is intended to predict the tire/pavement friction at all slip rates. The experimental validation of this approach was performed using a machine simulating tires rolling on road surfaces. The tested pavement surfaces have a wide range of textures from smooth to macro-micro-rough, thus covering all the surfaces likely to be encountered on the roads. A comparison between the experimental rolling resistances and those predicted by the model shows a good correlation, with an R2 exceeding 0.8. A good correlation between the MPD (mean profile depth) of the surfaces and the rolling resistance is also shown. It is also noticed that a random distribution and pointed shape of the summits may also be an inconvenience concerning rolling resistance, thus leading to the conclusion that beyond the macrotexture, the positivity of the texture should also be taken into account. A possible simplification of the model by neglecting the damping part in the constitutive model of the rubber is also noted.

scholarly journals A revised position for the primary strand of the Pleistocene-Holocene San Andreas fault in southern California

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. eaaz5691
Author(s):  
Kimberly Blisniuk ◽  
Katherine Scharer ◽  
Warren D. Sharp ◽  
Roland Burgmann ◽  
Colin Amos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Southern California ◽  
San Andreas Fault ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Large Magnitude ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Large Earthquakes ◽  
Dependent Probability

The San Andreas fault has the highest calculated time-dependent probability for large-magnitude earthquakes in southern California. However, where the fault is multistranded east of the Los Angeles metropolitan area, it has been uncertain which strand has the fastest slip rate and, therefore, which has the highest probability of a destructive earthquake. Reconstruction of offset Pleistocene-Holocene landforms dated using the uranium-thorium soil carbonate and beryllium-10 surface exposure techniques indicates slip rates of 24.1 ± 3 millimeter per year for the San Andreas fault, with 21.6 ± 2 and 2.5 ± 1 millimeters per year for the Mission Creek and Banning strands, respectively. These data establish the Mission Creek strand as the primary fault bounding the Pacific and North American plates at this latitude and imply that 6 to 9 meters of elastic strain has accumulated along the fault since the most recent surface-rupturing earthquake, highlighting the potential for large earthquakes along this strand.

Complex Slip Distribution of the 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo, China, Earthquake: An Event Occurring on the Slowly Slipping Fault

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumeng Guo ◽  
Hongfeng Yang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Yong Zheng ◽  
Lupeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Slip Rate ◽  
Slip Distribution ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Seismogenic Fault ◽  
Coseismic Slip ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Kunlun Mountain ◽  
Coulomb Failure ◽  
Main Fault ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract The 21 May 2021 Maduo earthquake occurred on the Kunlun Mountain Pass–Jiangcuo fault (KMPJF), a seismogenic fault with no documented large earthquakes. To probe its kinematics, we first estimate the slip rates of the KMPJF and Tuosuo Lake segment (TLS, ∼75 km north of the KMPJF) of the East Kunlun fault (EKLF) based on the secular Global Positioning System (GPS) data using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Our model reveals that the slip rates of the KMPJF and TLS are 1.7 ± 0.8 and 7.1 ± 0.3 mm/yr, respectively. Then, we invert high-resolution GPS and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar observations to decipher the fault geometry and detailed coseismic slip distribution associated with the Maduo earthquake. The geometry of the KMPFJ significantly varies along strike, composed of five fault subsegments. The most slip is accommodated by two steeply dipping fault segments, with the patch of large sinistral slip concentrated in the shallow depth on a simple straight structure. The released seismic moment is ∼1.5×1020  N·m, equivalent to an Mw 7.39 event, with a peak slip of ∼9.3 m. Combining the average coseismic slip and slip rate of the main fault, an earthquake recurrence period of ∼1250−400+1120  yr is estimated. The Maduo earthquake reminds us to reevaluate the potential of seismic gaps where slip rates are low. Based on our calculated Coulomb failure stress, the Maduo earthquake imposes positive stress on the Maqin–Maqu segment of the EKLF, a long-recognized seismic gap, implying that it may accelerate the occurrence of the next major event in this region.

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Quaternary slip rates on the White Mountains fault zone, eastern California: Implications for comparing geologic to geodetic slip rates across the Walker Lane

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachery M. Lifton
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Depth Profile ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Slip Rates ◽  
Walker Lane ◽  
Profile Modeling

Field photographs, stratigraphic columns, displacement modeling results, depth profile modeling results, and slip rate modeling results.

scholarly journals Analysis of Stress Drop Variations in Fault and Subduction Zones of Maluku and Halmahera Earthquakes in 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Rahmat Setyo Yuliatmoko ◽  
Telly Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Reverse Fault ◽  
Nonlinear Inversion ◽  
Rock Structure ◽  
Geological Conditions

The amount of stress released by an earthquake can be calculated with a stress drop, the stress ratio before and after an earthquake where the stress accumulated in a fault or a subduction zone is immediately released during an earthquake. The purpose of this research is to calculate the amount of stress drop in faults and subduction in Maluku and Halmahera and their variations and relate them to the geological conditions in the area so that the tectonic characteristics in the area can be identified. This research employed mathematical analysis and the Nelder Mead Simplex nonlinear inversion methods. The results show that Maluku and Halmahera are the area with complex tectonic conditions and large earthquake impacts. The Maluku sea earthquake generated a stress drop of 0.81 MPa with a reverse fault mechanism in the zone of subduction, while for the Halmahera earthquake the stress drop value was 52.72 MPa, a typical strike-slip mechanism in the fault zone. It can be concluded that there is a difference in the stress drop between the subduction and fault zones; the stress drop in the fault was greater than that in the subduction zone due to different rock structure and faulting mechanisms as well as differences in the move slip rate that plays a role in the process of holding out the stress on a rock. This information is very important to know the amount of pressure released from the earthquake which has a very large impact as part of disaster mitigation measures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document