scholarly journals How return sludge increase biogas production from cow manure?

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Ambar Pertiwiningrum ◽  
Ratih Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Joko Wintoko ◽  
Rachmawan Budiarto ◽  
Margaretha Arnita Wuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Methane Level ◽  
Alternative Energies

The energy needs in Indonesia are mainly fulfilled by fossil fuels based energy. Since there is the rise of fuel price, Indonesia government considers seeking alternative energies from renewable resources. Biogas becomes one of the alternative energy that supplies energy needs and manages cow manure waste in Indonesia. To increase adoption of biogas technology, biogas production through methane enrichment is required. The experiment was conducted with return sludge system. These instruments consist of a series portable bio-digester, gas holder and return sludge unit. There were three treatments on biogas production without and with sludge addition or re-use bio-digester sludge that produced after biogas production as raw material for next biogas production. Biogas that produced was observed every two days during 40 days. The results showed that the addition of bio-digester sludge increased biogas production and methane concentration. The optimum retention time of biogas production with sludge addition was 20 days with accumulation biogas volume of 156.38 liters or increased of 38.75 from biogas production without bio-digester sludge). The optimum retention time to increase methane level was 15 days with methane enrichment from 0.8% to 29.41%.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Biogas Production from Mixed Organic Substrates Containing Cow Manure and Delignified Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG) by Addition of Effective Microorganism - 4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indro - Sumantri ◽  
Peter - Kusnadi ◽  
I. Gelbert Reinaldo Handoyo ◽  
Andri Cahyo Kumoro
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
Coffee Ground

Abstract There have been continuous efforts to find environmentally benign energy to cope steady increase of global energy needs. The spent coffee ground (SCG) is one of agricultural wastes that can be utilized as a raw material to produce biogas. This study aims to produce biogas from mixture of organic substrate containing cow manure and spent coffee ground (SCG) with a C/N ratio of 25:1 with the addition of effective microorganisms-4 (EM-4) to enhance biogas production. The biodegradations were performed in an anaerobic batch digestion (AD) at ambient environment. The variables used of this research were pH (5, 7, and 9) and the loading of EM-4 (6, 9, and 12%). The digestions were run for 60 days and the volumes of biogas produced were measured every two days. The results showed that the addition of EM-4 was able to initiate biogas production earlier, enhance biogas volume, and extend biogas production end time. The best digestion condition for substrate containing cow manure and SCG with a C/N ratio of 25:1 was found to be at pH 9 and EM-4 loading of 9% to obtain 11.28 mL biogas/g COD with enhancement of biogas production of about 100.2 %. The experimental data was fitted really well by the modified Gompertz equation as shown by a high determination coefficient (R2 > 0.95).

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Cow Manure

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Artanti Putri ◽  
Roy R Saputro ◽  
B Budiyono
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Water Composition

The production of biogas from livestock waste manure in particular is one of the alternative utilization of organic wastes that can be implemented in Indonesia since there is a huge potential of bio-energy in Indonesia. This study utilizes cow manure as the raw material for making biogas and it is coupled with a cow rumen fluid and water. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of manure, rumen, and water composition in biogas production. The research was conducted in anaerobic for 60 days. The composition of manure, water, and the rumen were vary following the variable and ratio; variable A (manure and water); variable B (manure and rumen). The results indicate that the variable A (manure and water) with a 1:3 ratio, and the variable B (manure and rumen) with a 1:2 ratio produced the highest volume of biogas compared to other ratios. The highest biogas production occurred on average at day 23.

scholarly journals Biogas Production from Palm Oil Fruit Bunch in Anaerobic Biodigester through Liquid State (LS-AD) and Solid State (SS-AD) Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 03043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakti Jos ◽  
Hanif Farhan ◽  
Nadia Dwi Ayu ◽  
Budiyono ◽  
Siswo Sumardiono
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
Daily Production

The crucial problem facing the world today is energy resources. Waste production of palm oil fruit bunch potentially produce as renewable energy resource. Palm oil fruit bunch contains 44% cellulose, 18% lignin and 34% hemicellulose. Organic carbon source is contained in biomass potentially produce biogas. Biogas is one of alternative energy, which is environmentally friendly and has been widely developed. This research is aimed to examine the effect of pretreatment in raw material of waste palm oil fruit bunch for the production of biogas, the effect of time, ratio C/N, and effect of microbial consortium. The variables are total solid (TS) used 10% and 18% with a 40 mesh physical pretreatment, chemical pretreatment with NaOH 8% gr / gr TS, and biology 5% g/vol with microbial consortium. Biogas production process was conducted over 2 months in room temperature, the test response quantitative results in the form of biogas volume every 2 days and also flame test. The result of this research shows that the highest daily production rate of biogas obtained from this study was 5,73 ml/gr TS and the highest biogas production accumulation generated at 58,28 ml/gr TS produced through a 40 mesh sieve of waste oil palm empty fruit bunch, immersion in NaOH, through solid state fermentation and C/N 30. From this research, it can be concluded that the optimum production of biogas formation occurs with the value of C/N 30, physical and biological pretreatment, and solid state method.

scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF EM1707PTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) BY ADDING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS SOLID FUEL IN GASIFICATION PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Amadou Dioulde Donghol Diallo ◽  
Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Maizirwan Mel
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Gasification Process

Empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass-based waste, was deemed a potential replacement for fossil fuel. It is renewable and carbon neutral. The efficient management of this potential energy will help to deal with the problem associated with fossil fuels. However, a key parameter for evaluating the quality of raw material (EFB) as a fuel in energy applications is the calorific value (CV). When this CV is low, then its potential utilization as feedstock will be restricted. To tackle this shortcoming, we propose to add municipal solid waste to enhance energetic value. Thus, two major issues will be solved: managing solid residues and contributing an alternative energy source. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of mixing EFB and municipal solid waste (MSW) to make clean energy that is conscious of the environment (climate change) and sustainable development. The selected MSW, comprising of plastics, textiles, foam, and cardboard, were mixed, with EFB at various ratios. Proximate analysis was used to determine moisture content, ash, volatiles, and fixed carbon, whilst elemental analysis, is used to determine CHNS/O for MSW, EFB and their various mixtures. The CV of each element was also measured. The research revealed a significant increase in the calorific value of EFB by mixing it with MSW according to MSW/EFB ratios: 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 and 1.50 the corresponding calorific values in (MJ/kg) were 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 and 28.47 respectively. While the calorific value of pure EFB was 16.86 MJ/kg, the mixing of EFB with MSW promoted the increase in the CV of EFB to an average of 23.83MJ/kg. Another potential environmental benefit of applying this likely fuel was the low chlorine (0.21 wt. % to 0.95 wt. %) and sulfur concentrations (0.041 wt. % to 0.078 wt.%). This potential fuel could be used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) or refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a pyrolysis or gasification process with little to no environmental effects. ABSTRAK: Tandan buah kosong (EFB), sisa berasaskan biojisim, adalah berpotensi sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Ia boleh diperbaharui dan karbon neutral. Pengurusan berkesan pada potensi tenaga ini dapat membantu mengatasi masalah melibatkan bahan bakar fosil. Namun, kunci parameter bagi menilai kualiti bahan mentah (EFB) sebagai bahan bakar dalam aplikasi tenaga adalah nilai kalori (CV). Apabila CV rendah, potensi menjadi stok suapan adalah terhad. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini mencadangkan sisa pepejal bandaran ditambah bagi meningkatkan nilai tenaga. Oleh itu, dua isu besar dapat diselesaikan: mengurus sisa pepejal dan menambah sumber tenaga alternatif. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi campuran tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan sisa pepejal bandaran (MSW) bagi menghasilkan tenaga bersih dari sudut persekitaran (perubahan iklim) dan pembangunan lestari. Pemilihan MSW, terdiri daripada plastik, tekstil, gabus dan kadbod, dicampurlan dengan pelbagai nisbah EFB. Analisis proksimat telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan  kandungan kelembapan, abu, ruapan, dan karbon tetap, manakala analisis asas telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan CHNS/O bersama MSW, EFB dan pelbagai campuran lain. Nilai kalori (CV) setiap elemen turut diukur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penambahan ketara dalam nilai kalori EFB dengan campuran bersama MSW berdasarkan nisbah MSW/EFB 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 dan 1.50 nilai kalori sepadan (MJ/kg) adalah 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 dan 28.47 masing-masing. Manakala nilai kalori EFB tulen adalah 16.86 MJ/kg, campuran EFB dan MSW menunjukkan kenaikan CV dengan EFB pada purata 23.83MJ/kg. Antara potensi semula jadi lain adalah dengan mencampurkan bahan bakar ini dengan kalori rendah (0.21 wt. % kepada 0.95 wt. %) dan kepekatan sulfur (0.041 wt. % kepada 0.078 wt.%). Bahan bakar ini berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar pepejal sampah (SRF) atau bahan bakar yang terhasil dari pepejal sampah (RDF) melalui proses pirolisis atau proses gasifikasi yang sedikit atau tiada kesan langsung terhadap persekitaran.

scholarly journals Parameter Biokinetika dari Degradasi Limbah Kol dan Tomat Menggunakan Sistem Bioreaktor Anaerobik

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Maya Sarah ◽  
Erni Misran ◽  
Seri Maulina ◽  
Ika Pertiwi ◽  
Nahlionny Ritman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Free Oxygen ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Tomato Waste ◽  
Start Up

The world's energy supply is very dependent on non-renewable energy in the form of fossil fuels. This causes fossil fuels depletion and the need for alternative energy sources such as biogas. Biogas is produced from the fermentation process of organic matter with the help of anaerobic bacteria in free oxygen absence. This study aims to produce biogas from cabbage and tomato waste separately. Biogas production was carried out by varying feed concentrations of 100 g/L, 200 g/L, and 300 g/L for cabbage waste and 81.6 g/L; 215 g/L; and 237 g/L for tomato waste. This study consisted of 10 days seeding and acclimatization process, followed by a start-up stage using insulated anaerobic bioreactors. The largest methane from cabbage and tomato waste was 60% at a feed concentration of 200 g/L and 50% at a feed concentration of 237 g/L, respectively. The maximum growth rates (µm) for biogas from cabbage and tomato waste were 0.122 day-1 and 0.121 day-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Verification of the Green Microalgae Biomass Use for Biogas Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Natalia Głowacka ◽  
Ján Gaduš
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Microalgae Biomass ◽  
The World

Abstract The article reviews the energy potential of microalgae as an alternative raw material for anaerobic digestion. Currently, energy security is one of the main topics among researchers. The amount of generated fossil fuels is limited, it is a question of time when fossil fuels will not continue to be accessible at low cost. There is a need to find an alternative carrier of energy which will replace the fossil fuels in the World. Green microalgae can be proposed as a possible bio raw-material, which can be used as an input material in order to produce energy. Lots of alternative technologies of algae cultivation are currently being developed all over the world. There is a necessity to search for a sensible way to produce algal biomass for bioenergy purposes, while maintaining all requirements involved in environmental and economic issues. The research results presented in the science article show that microalgae biomass is the proper alternative material for biogas production with the method of anaerobic fermentation. We believe that these research results can contribute to the future development of all forms of renewable energy in the Slovak Republic.

ENERGY SECURITY: TODAY AND TOMORROW

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Babita Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Multiple Challenges

Purpose:To emphasize the importance of renewable and alternative energy, as nations become increasingly reliant on increasingly less available conventional energy sources. Simultaneously, the long-term and detrimental effects of such reliance is explored and quanitified so as to better justify investments into renewable, widely available, and less polluting energy sources.Design/Metholody/Approach:Data is collected from a variety of publicly available sources and their relevance is explored through contrast and comparison. The graphs and data used primarily focus on energy and energy consumption such as fuel pricing and exporting as well as the rate of fuel exporting by various nations.Findings:Based on the data analyzed, through the continuous use of fossil fuels, a country faces multiple challenges: depletion of fossil fuel reserves, global warming, environmental concerns, geopolitical and military conflicts and, of late, a continued and significant fuel price rise. The authors conclude these problems create an unsustainable situation and that without converting their energy sector to at least be in part less reliant on hydrocarbons and similar fuels and more reliant on more widely available and less polluting energy sources such as sunlight or geothermal energy a nation will inevitably face a catastrophic collapse of their energy sector.Research Limitations/Implications:Without cooperation of the governments of leading energy consuming nations in redeveloping their energy sector based on this or similar research, little of what has been explored can be widely applied. Consequently, the conclusions of this paper represent a single step in the process of redefining worldwide energy consumption rather than giving an explicit answer. Further research will be needed in order to most fully present an effective argument to the public sector, the private sector, and the common citizen that energy habits must be changed.Originality/value:The conclusions reached are an essential part to understanding the wide reaching effects of the world’s current energy habits. With the ever increasing threat of global warming, emptying fuel reserves, and unnecessary polluting and waste habits of most nation’s energy sectors, this research, along with the cited data, can aid in the redirection of such energy habits before a point of no return. 

scholarly journals Delineating Comparative Studies on Biogas Production from Camel, Donkey and Horse Dungs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Buhari S. ◽  
M.N Yahaya ◽  
Nasiru A.
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Cost

The cost and the health effects of using other forms of energy, such as energy from fossil fuels and coal, make it necessary to find alternative sources of energy which are cheap and have no health effects on humans, animals and the environment. The energy derived from animal wastes, such as camel, donkey and horse dung, provide that alternative source of energy to humanity. To treat the problem of fossil fuel usage and greenhouse gas emissions, biogas is considered a potential source of clean renewable energy. The aim of this work is to compare the amount of biogas produced from cow, horse and camel dung. This work used three 1 litre capacity plastic gallons as prototype biodigesters. These biodigesters were operated and daily gas produced from the dung was observed for 37 days retention time. The digesters were fed with the same proportion of dung from each animal, and water. The operating temperatures of the digesters were maintained within the range of 34-390C, while pH values of the slurries ranged from 4.90 to 7.3. The biogas produced in 37 days retention time were found to be (4550 cm3)/150g for camels, (2210 cm3)/150g for donkeys and (4000 cm3 )/150g for horses. It was observed that the dungs were stagnant for one week, and the more the retention time, the more gas was produced. This investigation revealed that the gas production process was started on day 7, due to the fact that those animals were fed with fibrous materials and a longer time is required for digesting fibrous materials by microorganisms. The results obtained are compared in order of camel > horse > donkey. It was found that camels produce the highest volume of gas followed by horse and then donkey. The process of methane gas production, if extended to the commercial scale, would not only provide an alternative source of energy but would also be a means of environmental sanitation for the study area and Nigeria at large.

scholarly journals Sertanejo biodigestor: a social technology, an alternative source of energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 630-642
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Alves De Souza ◽  
Marília Regina Costa Castro Lyra ◽  
Renata Maria Caminha M. de O. Carvalho ◽  
José Coelho de Araújo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Social Technology ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Farming Families

The use of biogas as an alternative to using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking food in the context of family farming is something recent and has ample room for growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the Sertanejo biodigester by farming families as a social technology for cooking gas production, as well as an alternative energy source. It also aimed to identify elements which contribute to disseminating this technology as an alternative to the use of firewood, charcoal and LPG. Quali-quantitative approaches were used following the exploratory method, with interviews and non-probabilistic sampling. A population with 132 units of biodigesters in the Agreste mesoregion of the State of Pernambuco was considered, with 83 interviews being collected. The results indicated that the Sertanejo biodigester social technology provides an increase in the income of farming families, avoids the use of firewood and charcoal for cooking food and produces biofertilizer for crops. They also showed that its non-continuous use or deactivation is related to a lack of raw material and the need for maintenance. Given this scenario, its implementation must consider the availability of a raw material source in the production unit and the potential for biogas production from the existing herd and consumption demand. It is recommended to strengthen arguments of economic and environmental impact for low-income families to disseminate this technology; to encourage the use of biogas associated with other activities in the production system; and to incorporate biodigestor social technology in rural credit financing lines.

scholarly journals A review on biogas production as the alternative source of fuel

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamalu Abdullahi Alhassan ◽  
Badamasi Tijjani Abdullahi ◽  
M. Manjur Shah
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
World Population ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
The World ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Challenges related to energy shortages are increasingly frequent both at the local and global scale due to population growth and the desire for a greater standard of living. The growing demand for oil and natural gas caused by high consumption levels is one of the current major problems faced by the world population. Therefore, new forms of energy generation must be investigated that would eventually allow the diversification of the present energy matrix, which has an almost 90% dependence on fossil fuels the world over. This coupled with long-term economic and environmental concerns have resulted in a great amount of research in the past decades on renewable sources of liquid fuels to replace fossil fuels. Burning fossil fuels such as coal and oil releases carbon dioxide (CO2), which is a major cause of global warming. It is anticipated that not a single source of alternative energy but a mix of various energy sources and carriers will contribute to the energy system of the future. Among the various sources been explored, biogas offer one of the best alternative options as they present a viable option for improving sustainable development through energy security and reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This paper elaborates on Biogas production as the alternative source of fuel. The paper also studies the importance of Biogas production as a means of reducing problem of power energy, environmental vandalism, loss of resources, climate change and also reduce environmental pollution caused by burning of woods, cars, motorcycle and industrial activities.

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