scholarly journals Research on the effects of idling start-stop function on light vehicles fuel consumption and emission under different cycle conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01030
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Ma ◽  
Tieqiang Fu ◽  
Yuwei Wang ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Luowei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Fuel Saving ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles ◽  
Light Vehicle ◽  
Light Gasoline ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

The idling distribution characteristics of NEDC, WLTC and CLTC conditions were analyzed, and the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption of three light gasoline vehicles when the idling start-stop function was turned on and off under different cycle conditions were measured. The effects of idling start-stop function on light vehicle fuel consumption and emissions under different cycle conditions were analyzed. The results show that the vehicle fuel saving rate of the idling start-stop function in three cycle conditions is WLTC, NEDC and CLTC conditions from low to high. The idling start-stop function has little effect on vehicle gaseous pollutant emissions. On the whole, the the activation of idling start-stop function increases the THC and CO emissions and reduces NOx emissions.

A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Comprehensive Assessment of Integrated Rotorcraft–Powerplant Systems at Mission Level

2014 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Goulos ◽  
Fakhre Ali ◽  
Konstantinos Tzanidakis ◽  
Vassilios Pachidis ◽  
Roberto d'Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Stirred Reactor

This paper presents an integrated methodology for the comprehensive assessment of combined rotorcraft–powerplant systems at mission level. Analytical evaluation of existing and conceptual designs is carried out in terms of operational performance and environmental impact. The proposed approach comprises a wide-range of individual modeling theories applicable to rotorcraft flight dynamics and gas turbine engine performance. A novel, physics-based, stirred reactor model is employed for the rapid estimation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The individual mathematical models are implemented within an elaborate numerical procedure, solving for total mission fuel consumption and associated pollutant emissions. The combined approach is applied to the comprehensive analysis of a reference twin-engine light (TEL) aircraft modeled after the Eurocopter Bo 105 helicopter, operating on representative mission scenarios. Extensive comparisons with flight test data are carried out and presented in terms of main rotor trim control angles and power requirements, along with general flight performance charts including payload-range diagrams. Predictions of total mission fuel consumption and NOx emissions are compared with estimated values provided by the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA). Good agreement is exhibited between predictions made with the physics-based stirred reactor model and experimentally measured values of NOx emission indices. The obtained results suggest that the production rates of NOx pollutant emissions are predominantly influenced by the behavior of total air inlet pressure upstream of the combustion chamber, which is affected by the employed operational procedures and the time-dependent all-up mass (AUM) of the aircraft. It is demonstrated that accurate estimation of on-board fuel supplies ahead of flight is key to improving fuel economy as well as reducing environmental impact. The proposed methodology essentially constitutes an enabling technology for the comprehensive assessment of existing and conceptual rotorcraft–powerplant systems, in terms of operational performance and environmental impact.

scholarly journals Environmental Strategies for Selecting Eco-Routing in a Small City

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Coloma ◽  
Marta García ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Andrés Monzón
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Small City ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
The City

This research aims to find the most ecological itineraries for urban mobility in a small city (eco-routes), where distances are rather short, but car dependence is really high. A real life citywide survey was carried out in the city of Caceres (Spain) with almost 100,000 inhabitants. Research was done on alternating routes, traffic, times of day, and weather conditions. The output of the study was to assess fuel consumption, CO2, and regulated pollutant emissions for different type of vehicles, routes, and drivers. The results show that in the case studied, urban roads had fewer emissions (CO2 and pollutants) but there was an increase in the population affected by pollutants. On the contrary, bypasses reduced travel time and congestion but increased fuel consumption and emissions. Traffic conditions had a greater influence on fuel consumption in petrol vehicles than diesel ones. Therefore, there must be a balanced distribution of traffic in order to minimize congestion, and at the same time to reduce emissions and the number of people affected by harmful pollution levels. There should be a combination of regulatory measures in traffic policies in order to achieve that balance by controlling access to city centres, limiting parking spaces, pedestrianization, and lowering traffic speeds in sensitive areas.

scholarly journals The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1258) ◽  
pp. 1967-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. J. Stettler ◽  
G. S. Koudis ◽  
S. J. Hu ◽  
A. Majumdar ◽  
W. Y. Ochieng
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Set Operations ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTOptimisation of aircraft ground operations to reduce airport emissions can reduce resultant local air quality impacts. Single engine taxiing (SET), where only half of the installed number of engines are used for the majority of the taxi duration, offers the opportunity to reduce fuel consumption, and emissions of NOX, CO and HC. Using 3510 flight data records, this paper develops a model for SET operations and presents a case study of London Heathrow, where we show that SET is regularly implemented during taxi-in. The model predicts fuel consumption and pollutant emissions with greater accuracy than previous studies that used simplistic assumptions. Without SET during taxi-in, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions would increase by up to 50%. Reducing the time before SET is initiated to the 25th percentile of recorded values would reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by 7–14%, respectively, relative to current operations. Future research should investigate the practicalities of reducing the time before SET initialisation so that additional benefits of reduced fuel loadings, which would decrease fuel consumption across the whole flight, can be achieved.

scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Changes Due to Altitude on Performance, Fuel Consumption and Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5346
Author(s):  
John Jairo Ceballos ◽  
Andrés Melgar ◽  
Francisco V. Tinaut
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

The present study shows the effects of environmental conditions (atmospheric temperature, pressure and relative humidity) due to altitude changes on performance, fuel consumption and emissions in a naturally aspirated diesel engine. Due to changes in altitude, the atmospheric conditions are altered, mainly the air density, associated to hydrostatic pressure, temperature profile and humidity and relative nitrogen/oxygen ratio, thus modifying the engine intake conditions. The study considers changes in altitude from sea level to 2500 m above sea level, which are representative of the orographic conditions in Ecuador. As a main part of this research, a parametric study of variation of atmospheric temperature, pressure and relative humidity is carried out in AVL BOOST™, showing the effects on mean effective pressure, fuel consumption and specific pollutant emissions (CO2, NOx, CO and soot). The study considers effects at regional level (change from an altitude to another) and local level (changes in the atmospheric conditions due to local anticyclone or storm, temperature and humidity). The quantitative effects are expressed in the form of sensitivity coefficients, e.g., relative change in an engine output variable due to the change in atmospheric pressure, temperature or humidity. In addition, several global correlations have been obtained to provide analytical expressions to summarize all results obtained, showing the separate effect of pressure and temperature on each engine performance variable.

NOx Emissions From Oceangoing Ships: Calculation and Evaluation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst W. Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Type Size ◽  
Mode Of Transportation ◽  
Engine Type ◽  
Bunker Fuel

Currently available global inventories of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other pollutant emissions from merchant ships are based, at least partly, on data published by international marine bunker fuel suppliers. However, the uncertainty of such data seems to be quite high, because the figures released by bunker fuel companies might be incomplete or based, for example, on data collected from only the largest ports. Besides, all similar other studies conducted so far were based on simplified average emission and fuel consumption characteristics of diesel engines and did not take into account variations with engine type, size, engine load and engine speed, as well as only being valid for new state-of-the-art diesel engines as supplied by the industry today. Furthermore, fuel consumption rates of the auxiliary engine equipment onboard vessels were neglected. The author therefore adopted a different approach by calculating the actual bunker amount and the fleet’s 2001 NOx emissions in order to reduce uncertainty in existing inventories and to assist in achieving a better modeling of the effects of ships’ pollutants on atmospheric chemistry. For this study, all ships of 100 gross tonnage (gt) and above were taken into account. This methodology resulted in a significantly higher world fleet fuel consumption, and, consequently, much higher oceangoing ships’ NOx emissions than known or anticipated so far. In spite of the fleet’s high NOx emission rate in absolute figures this paper shows, that when emissions are based on the annual seaborne trade, merchant shipping is an environmentally efficient mode of transportation of freight.

scholarly journals Immersion temperature effects on light-duty gasoline vehicles’ fuel consumption under world-wide harmonized light-duty test cycle (WLTC)

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Guangyao Wang ◽  
Hongyu Qin ◽  
Deyu Meng ◽  
Ziye Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Test Cycle ◽  
Gaseous Pollutant ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbon ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

Basing on the experimental study of fuel consumbtion in World-wide Harmonized Light-duty Test Cycle (WLTC ), this paper conducted the effects of using different immersion temperature on the fuel consumption of a light-duty gasoline vehicle. The study mainly studied the first phase of WLTC with three gaseous pollutant emissions: carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon(CO2, CO and HC )which is measured to caculate the fuel consumption of Light-duty Gasoline Vehicles. It appears that with the increase of time the working condition of the vehicle tends to be stable resulting in the similar emission of the gaseous pollutant in the different test. Which means the immersion temperature mainly effects gaseous pollutant emissions in low-speed phase in WLTC. Besides, the cold start of engine had generated a large quantity of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbon, but it is different for the carbon dioxide which was generated continuously in the first whole phase. The study also found that the use of a higher immersion temperatures (26℃) is more favorable than a lower immersion temperatures (23℃) in the typy of testing vehicle’s fuel consumption in the WLTC test cycle.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of the Pollutant Characteristics of Gasoline Vehicle Emissions under Different Engine, Fuel, and Test Cycles

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Zongyan Lv ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Jianfei Peng ◽  
Qijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gasoline Vehicles

Vehicle exhaust emissions have seriously affected air quality and human health, and understanding the emission characteristics of vehicle pollutants can promote emission reductions. In this study, a chassis dynamometer was used to study the emission characteristics of the pollutants of two gasoline vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) when using six kinds of fuels. The results show that the two tested vehicles had different engine performance under the same test conditions, which led to a significant difference in their emission characteristics. The fuel consumption and pollutant emission factors of the WLTC cycle were higher than those of the NEDC. The research octane number (RON) and ethanol content of fuels have significant effects on pollutant emissions. For the Euro 5 vehicle, CO and particle number (PN) emissions decreased under the WLTC cycle, and NOx emissions decreased with increasing RONs. For the Euro 6 vehicle, CO and NOx emissions decreased and PN emissions increased with increasing RONs. Compared with traditional gasoline, ethanol gasoline (E10) led to decreases in NOx and PN emissions, and increased CO emissions for the Euro 5 vehicle, while it led to higher PN and NOx emissions and lower CO emissions for the Euro 6 vehicle. In addition, the particulate matter emitted was mainly nucleation-mode particulate matter, accounting for more than 70%. There were two peaks in the particle size distribution, which were about 18 nm and 40 nm, respectively. Finally, compared with ethanol–gasoline, gasoline vehicles with high emission standards (Euro 6) are more suitable for the use of traditional gasoline with a high RON.

Determination of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions with the real-time engine running data of aircrafts in the taxi-out period

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Kadri Akyüz
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Total Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to calculate the fuel consumption and emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and hydrocarbons (HC) in the taxi-out period of aircraft at the International Diyarbakir Airport in 2018 and 2019. Design/methodology/approach Calculations were performed by determining the engine operating times in the taxi-out period with the flight data obtained from the airport authority. In the analyses, aircraft series and aircraft engine types were determined, and the Engine Exhaust Emission Databank of the International Civil Aviation Authority (ICAO) were used for the calculation. Findings Total fuel consumption in the taxi-out period in 2018 and 2019 was calculated as 525.64 and 463.69 tons, respectively. In 2018, HC, CO and NOx emissions caused by fuel consumption were found to be 1,109, 10,668 and 2,339 kg, respectively. In 2019, the total HC, CO and NOx emissions released to the atmosphere during the taxi-out phase are 966, 9,391 and 2,126 kg, respectively. B737 Series aircraft have the largest share in total fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Practical implications This study explains the importance of determining fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by considering engine operating times in the taxi-out period. The study provides aviation authorities with scientific methods to follow in calculating fuel consumption and emissions from aircraft operations. Originality/value The originality of this study is the calculation of fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by determining real-time engine running times in the taxi-out period. In addition, calculations were made with real engine operating times determined in the taxi-out period using real flight data.

A Multidisciplinary Approach for the Comprehensive Assessment of Integrated Rotorcraft–Powerplant Systems at Mission Level

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fakhre Ali ◽  
Ioannis Goulos ◽  
Konstantinos Tzanidakis ◽  
Vassilios Pachidis ◽  
Roberto d’Ippolito
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Reactor Model ◽  
Stirred Reactor

This paper presents an integrated methodology for the comprehensive assessment of combined rotorcraft–powerplant systems at mission level. Analytical evaluation of existing and conceptual designs is carried out in terms of operational performance and environmental impact. The proposed approach comprises a wide-range of individual modeling theories applicable to rotorcraft flight dynamics and gas turbine engine performance. A novel, physics-based, stirred reactor model is employed for the rapid estimation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. The individual mathematical models are implemented within an elaborate numerical procedure, solving for total mission fuel consumption and associated pollutant emissions. The combined approach is applied to the comprehensive analysis of a reference twin-engine light aircraft modeled after the Eurocopter Bo 105 helicopter, operating on representative mission scenarios. Extensive comparisons with flight test data are carried out and presented in terms of main rotor trim control angles and power requirements, along with general flight performance charts including payload-range diagrams. Predictions of total mission fuel consumption and NOx emissions are compared with estimated values provided by the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation. Good agreement is exhibited between predictions made with the physics-based stirred reactor model and experimentally measured values of NOx emission indices. The obtained results suggest that, the production rates of NOx pollutant emissions are predominantly influenced by the behavior of total air inlet pressure upstream of the combustion chamber, which is affected by the employed operational procedures and the time-dependent all-up mass of the aircraft. It is demonstrated that, accurate estimation of on-board fuel supplies ahead of flight is key to improving fuel economy as well as reducing environmental impact. The proposed methodology essentially constitutes an enabling technology for the comprehensive assessment of existing and conceptual rotorcraft–powerplant systems, in terms of operational performance and environmental impact.

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