scholarly journals Influence of types of constitution on meat productivity bullets of Simmental breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Anatoly Shevkhuzhev ◽  
Vladimir Pogodaev ◽  
Dagir Smakuev
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Meat Productivity

The aim of the research was to establish quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity of Simmental bull calves of various constitutional types when raised using the technology of beef cattle breeding. The maximum growth rate and the highest yield of meat products were obtained from Simmental bulls of the meat and dairy type when they were raised and fed according to the technology of beef cattle breeding. Receiving from the mothers for 205 days of the sucking period more fatty milk, they gave 1250 g of gain per day and reached 289.7 kg of live weight by the cut. Having retained a high growth rate in the future, they at the final fattening gave 1321 g of gain per day and at 20 months the live weight was 659.3 kg. The superiority of Simmentals over analogues was natural by 3.4–13.3% by weight of the steamed carcass, by 0.4–1.8% in slaughter yield, by 1.4–11.1 kg in terms of the amount of pulp in the carcass and pulp per bones by 0.1–0.3 kg, protein in meat by 0.12; 1.19; 2.59 kg and the amount of energy in the pulp by 0.14; 0.44; 1.75 MJ. Simmental bulls of the meat and dairy type also have a high ability to transform protein and feed energy into protein and energy from the pulp of the carcass.

Development of a High Rate 4H-SiC Epitaxial Growth Technique Achieving Large-Area Uniformity

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Ito ◽  
L. Storasta ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Free Exciton ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Defect ◽  
Large Area

A vertical hot-wall type epi-reactor that makes it possible to simultaneously achieve both a high rate of epitaxial growth and large-area uniformity at the same time has been developed. A maximum growth rate of 250 µm/h is achieved at 1650 °C. Thickness uniformity of 1.1 % and doping uniformity of 6.7 % for a 65 mm radius area are achieved while maintaining a high growth rate of 79 µm/h. We also succeeded in growing a 280 µm-thick epilayer with excellent surface morphology and long carrier lifetime of ~1 µs on average. The LTPL spectrum shows free exciton peaks as dominant, and few impurity-related or intrinsic defect related peaks are observed. The DLTS measurement for an epilayer grown at 80 µm/h shows low trap concentrations of 1.2×1012 cm-3 for Z1/2 center and 6.3×1011 cm-3 for EH6/7 center, respectively.

Dynamics of Exploited Whitefish Populations and their Management with Special Reference to the Northwest Territories

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Healey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Stock Size ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Wide Range

Available data on mortality, growth, reproduction, and stock size in exploited and unexploited populations of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) are reviewed with a view to understanding the dynamics of exploited populations and improving their management. Natural mortality ranged from about 0.20 to 0.80 in unexploited populations. In exploited populations total mortality was as high as 0.94. Unexploited populations showed a wide range of growth rates. Growth rate increased with increasing exploitation, and growth rate in all heavily exploited populations was similar to the most rapid growth rate shown by unexploited stocks. Heavily exploited whitefish matured at a younger age and possibly also at a smaller size than those which were unexploited. Limited data on stock size suggest that although total population size declines under heavy exploitation, the vulnerable population remains of similar size.It is concluded that whitefish respond to fluctuations in population size through compensatory changes in growth rate, the difference between growth rate in a population and maximum growth rate is a measure of its scope for compensating for increased mortality. Populations with slow growth rate and low mortality should, therefore, have the best fishery potential, while those with high growth rate and high mortality have a low fishery potential. Further, it is possible to judge the fishery potential of a population or its stage of exploitation from relatively simple measurements of mortality, growth, age structure, and maturity.

The Annual Growth-Rate Cycle in Brown Trout (Salmo Trutta Linn.) and Its Cause

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-604
Author(s):  
D. R. SWIFT
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Field Work ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate

1. A regular annual growth-rate cycle is demonstrated in wild and hatchery yearling brown trout; the fish have a high growth rate in the spring and autumn and a low growth rate during the summer and winter of each year. 2. Experimental work with constant-environment aquaria, together with the results of the field work, indicate that the water temperature is the main external environmental factor influencing the growth rate. Maximum growth rate is achieved at 12° C. 3. The reason for the fall in growth rate above 12° C. is discussed and it is suggested that inadequacy of the respiratory system of the fish is the prime cause.

Development of High Growth Rate SiC Epi-Reactor with Controlled Thermal Gradient

2007 ◽  
Vol 556-557 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Masahiko Ito ◽  
Hidekazu Tsuchida ◽  
Isaho Kamata ◽  
L. Storasta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Growth Experiments

A vertical hot-wall type reactor, with a unique structure designed for controlling both gas flow behavior and thermal gradient (T/mm) on the susceptor surface, was developed. The simulation results indicate that depending on the height of the epitaxy room (h), the T/mm can be changed from a negative to a positive value. Preliminary epitaxial growth experiments resulted in a maximum growth rate of 51 μm/h, 4-inch area uniformity of σ/mean=1.7% for growth rate and σ/mean=21.5 % for doping concentration, and Z1/2 trap concentration of 9×1012 cm-3 at a growth rate of 43 μm/h.

A note on growth curves of rabbit lines selected on growth rate or litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blasco ◽  
E. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Using Data

Two synthetic lines of rabbits were used in the experiment. Line V, selected on litter size, and line R, selected on growth rate. Ninety-six animals were randomly collected from 48 litters, taking a male and a female each time. Richards and Gompertz growth curves were fitted. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the line V but not in the R. Values for b and k were similar in all curves. Maximum growth rate took place in weeks 7 to 8. A break due to weaning could be observed in weeks 4 to 5. Although there is a remarkable similarity of the values of all the parameters using data from the first 20 weeks only, the higher standard errors on adult weight would make 30 weeks the preferable time to take data for live-weight growth curves.

The evaluation of economically optimal rations for bacon pigs formulated by curve fitting and linear programming techniques

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Dent ◽  
P. R. English
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Programming Techniques ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Food Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Better Than

Least cost rations for specific rates of growth in the growing and finishing periods were given to pigs slaughtered at 200 lb. live-weight. During the growing period pigs grew very close to the planned rates in spite of the fact that some food was rejected. Pigs given rations for a low growth rate in the growing period grew slightly faster than planned in the finishing period. In the finishing period pigs given rations for the high growth rate grew on average very near to this rate. The pigs given the ration for the low growth rate grew slightly faster than planned. Food conversion efficiency was for all pigs very near to, or slightly better than, that planned. The rations had no adverse effect on carcass quality.

scholarly journals Influence of complex feed additives on the meat productivity of young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A I Grigoreva ◽  
M F Grigorev ◽  
D I Stepanova ◽  
S I Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity

Abstract The paper presents the results of fattening young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia with the use of complex feed additives from local natural raw materials in their diets. One of the ways to increase the meat productivity of livestock is to optimize feeding by inserting complex feed additives into their diets. Therefore, studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of complex feed additives in the fattening of young cattle in the conditions of Yakutia. At the beginning of the experiment, the live weight of the animals in the groups did not differ much, but starting from the age of 12 months, the superiority of the animals from the experimental groups is noted. In the period of 12-15 months of age, the animals from the experimental groups exceeded the growth rate of the control group by 6.70% and 4.76%. In the period of 15-18 months old, the animals of the control group were inferior to the experimental groups by 28.31% and 16.54%. On average, the animals of the experimental groups grew more intensively in comparison with the control group by 12.73% and 8.66 %. Analysis of animal slaughter data showed that the experimental groups were superior to the control group in a number of indicators, such as the mass of the steam carcass by 8.04% and 4.43 %, the mass of visceral fat by 18.59% and 7.39%. The organoleptic evaluation of meat products also confirmed the superiority of the experimental groups over the control group. Thus, the use of complex feed additives in the feeding of young cattle on fattening showed its effectiveness.

The assessment of seasonal yield using some Stylosanthes guyanensis accessions in humid tropical and sub-tropical environments

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (86) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Edye ◽  
WT Williams ◽  
RL Burt ◽  
B Grof ◽  
SL Stillman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Seasonal Growth ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Dry Tropics

The seasonal growth patterns of some S. guyanensis accessions were compared in three humid environments at South Johnstone (extended rainfall tropics), 'Heathlands' (seasonally dry tropics) and Cooroy (humid sub-tropics). The accessions were selected mainly for their productivity in previously described small mown sward experiments over three years at each site. Previous methods of presenting seasonal growth patterns are reviewed, and a new, simpler method of presentation is defined. Growth was highly seasonal at all sites. There was no growth during July to November at 'Heathlands' and Cooroy due to moisture and temperature limitations respectively. At South Johnstone growth was continuous but depressed in August and December with limitations due to both soil moisture and temperature: the maximum growth rate was 22 times the minimum growth rate. The accessions differed markedly in their growth patterns at each site. In general, the yield differences between accessions were greater at the beginning and end of the growing season than during the peak growth period. The highest yielding accessions at each site had high growth rates spread over a long period. The yield distribution and persistence of Q8231 and 46589C seemed superior to existing cultivars in tropical and sub-tropical environments respectively

scholarly journals Effects of index selection on the performance and carcass composition of sheep given foods of different protein concentrationsad libitum

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Lewis ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
G. Simm
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Males And Females

AbstractSheep of a line selected on an index to increase carcass lean content at 150 days of age (selected (S); no. = 90), and an unselected control line (control (C); no. = 90), were given ad libitum foods of three different protein concentrations (192, 141 and 120 g/kg dry matter). Growth was measured from about 21 to 114 kg live weight. The carcasses of each line were analysed for lean, fat and bone at three widely varying weights in both males and females. Level of protein did not affect the extent to which S was superior to C in the content of fat (0.86 as much) or lean (1.08 as much) in the carcass. The fat concentration of the carcass increased, and the lean concentration decreased, as dietary protein concentration was reduced (P < 0.01). On the highest level of protein used, the S line grew 1.17 times as fast and was 1.10 times as efficient compared with C. The extent to which growth rate in S exceeded that in C was greater on the highest level of protein used (92.3 g/day) than on the two lower protein diets (26.4 g/day). The difference of 65.9 (s.e. 18.4) g/day was significant (P < 0.01). On the diet of highest protein concentration, growth was well described by a Gompertz function. The S line had an estimated maximum growth rate 1.25 times that of the C when averaged across males and females. A Spillman function was used to describe weight in terms of cumulative intake. It worked well for all three levels of dietary protein concentration. S sheep performed better than unselected sheep on foods differing in protein concentration and over a wide range of live weights, suggesting benefits are likely within the diverse farming environments found in practice.

Developing Technologies of SiC Gas Source Growth Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Kojima ◽  
Yuichiro Tokuda ◽  
Emi Makino ◽  
Naohiro Sugiyama ◽  
Norihiro Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
High Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Gas Source ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Production Technologies

In order to diffuse the use of SiC, mass-production technologies of SiC wafers are needed. It is easy to be understood that high-speed and long-sized growth technologies are connected directly with mass-production technologies. The gas source growth method such as HT-CVD has the possibilities and the potential of the high-speed and long-sized growth. In this article, it was clarified that the high growth rate were achieved by the control of the source gas partial pressures and by the gas boundary layers. The average growth rate was 1mm/h on the f4 inch-diameter crystal, and the maximum growth rate reached 3.6 mm/h on the 12.5x25 mm tetragon by the above gas control. The crystal qualities of the gas source methods were also evaluated the equivalent level in comparison with the sublimation method. Concerning the 1mm/h-growth f3 inch crystal, the densities of TSDs were kept in the 102 cm-2 levels from the seed to the upper-side of the ingot. Moreover, the ingot size increased year by year and a f4 inch x 43 mm sized ingot has been developed.

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