scholarly journals Evaluation of rotation of Ficus benjamina types in growing environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 03008
Author(s):  
Shahzod Egamberdiev ◽  
Mansurbek Kholmurotov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Sand Control ◽  
Rooting Of Cuttings

This article presents the results of research on the evaluation of rooting performance in the growing media of Ficus species in the interior. In the propagation of Ficus species, the vegetative method was selected and experimental work was carried out in growing media of 4 species. Sand (control), soil, Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) (4,000 mg/l) was obtained as cultivation media. The room temperature at which the experiments were placed was monitored and controlled. During rooting of cuttings, the room temperature was maintained at 18–24 ° C. Humidity was maintained at 40-50%. Soil and sand moisture were maintained at 30-40 degrees depending on temperature (based on the readings of the soil moisture meter). Observations were made and recorded every 3–5 days to determine the vegetative rooting rate of the Ficus Benjamin plant. Taking into account the transpiration of the plant and the evaporation of water into the air, 3-5 ml of water was poured in 10-12 days. As a result of these observations, the timing of vegetative rooting and irrigation norms were determined. Rooted plants were planted in peat, soil, humus feed, coarse sand substrate in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. In selecting these plants, a number of important indicators such as their growth patterns, leaf shape, habitat, drought tolerance, shade tolerance, soil moisture and composition were analysed and conclusions were drawn based on the findings.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of ambient ozone and climate measured on growth of mature loblolly pine trees

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. McLaughlin ◽  
D.J. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ambient Ozone

Seasonal growth patterns of mature loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) trees over the interval 1988–1993 have been analyzed to evaluate the effects of ambient ozone on growth of large forest trees. Patterns of stem expansion and contraction of 34 trees were examined using serial measurements with sensitive dendrometer band systems. Study sites, located in eastern Tennessee, varied significantly in soil moisture, soil fertility, and stand density. Levels of ozone, rainfall, and temperature varied widely over the 6-year study interval. Regression analysis identified statistically significant influences of ozone on stem growth patterns, with responses differing widely among trees and across years. Ozone interacted with both soil moisture stress and high temperatures, explaining 63% of the high frequency, climatic variance in stem expansion identified by stepwise regression of the 5-year data set. Observed responses to ozone were rapid, typically occurring within 1–3 days of exposure to ozone at ≥40 ppb and were significantly amplified by low soil moisture and high air temperatures. Both short-term responses, apparently tied to ozone-induced increases in whole-tree water stress, and longer term cumulative responses were identified. These data indicate that relatively low levels of ambient ozone can significantly reduce growth of mature forest trees and that interactions between ambient ozone and climate are likely to be important modifiers of future forest growth and function. Additional studies of mechanisms of short-term response and interspecies comparisons are clearly needed.

scholarly journals Overcoming root dormancy and identifying the storage behaviour of Lilium polyphyllum seeds

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anurag Dhyani ◽  
Carol C. Baskin ◽  
Bhagwati Prasad Nautiyal ◽  
Mohan Chandra Nautiyal
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Endangered Medicinal Herb

Lilium polyphyllum D.Don ex Royle is a critically endangered medicinal herb of Himalaya. Seeds have epicotyl morphophysiological dormancy, and in the field a minimum of 34 weeks is required for root emergence. To date, treatments to decrease the time for root protrusion and seed storage behaviour have not been determined. We evaluated the effects of plant growth regulators and nitrogenous compounds as well as seed scarification on root emergence, and determined the storage behaviour of seeds. Root emergence at 20 °C was significantly increased by 100 ppm of indole butyric acid (IBA), KNO3, and thiourea, and by the application of NaOCl solution for 30 min. The mean germination time was significantly decreased by 50 ppm of gibberellic acid (GA3; 28 days) compared with 100 ppm GA3 (36 days). After 12 months of dry storage, the viability of seeds (TTC method) at room temperature (10–35 °C), 0–4 °C, and −20 ± 1 °C was 95%, 100%, and 100%, respectively; thus, the seeds have orthodox storage behaviour. Our recommendation for seedling production is to store the seeds at room temperature until they can be sown under warm wet conditions. Roots emerge after about 8 weeks, and then seeds should be given a 2-week cold moist treatment to break shoot dormancy. After 2 weeks of cold, transfer the seeds to warm (20 °C) spring temperature conditions to promote growth.

scholarly journals Effect of pre-sowing treatments and growing media on seed germination and seedling growth of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 860-863
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
A. K. Handa ◽  
Inder Dev ◽  
Asha Ram ◽  
A. R. Uthappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Hard Seed Coat

The seeds of Albizia lebbeck have been observed to exhibit physical dormancy due to presence of hard seed-coat. To overcome this problem, the seeds were subjected to seven pre-sowing treatments viz., T1-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h; T2-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h; T3-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequent cooling at room temperature for 12 h; T4-immersion of seeds in hot water (100 °C) and subsequent cooling at room temperature for 24 h; T5-immersion of seeds in cold water for 12 h followed by immersion in hot water (100 °C) and allowed to cool for 1 h; T6-immersion of seeds in cold water for 24 h followed by immersion in hot water (100 °C) and allowed to cool for 1 h. Untreated seeds served as control (T0). Treatment T3 gave highest germination (96%) which was comparable with T5 (95 %), T4 (94 %) and T6 (93%). Nine growing media viz., T1: soil,  T2: soil+sand (2:1), T3: soil+perlite (2:1), T4: soil+Farm Yard Manure (FYM) (2:1), T5: soil+vermicompost (2:1), T6: soil+sand+FYM (1:1:1), T7: soil+sand+vermicompost (1:1:1), T8: soil+perlite+FYM (1:1:1) and T9: soil+perlite+ vermicompost (1:1:1) were, also, studied for their effect on seedling growth of A. lebbeck. Among these media, maximum values of shoot length (23.82 cm), root length (21.14 cm), collar diameter (3.59 mm) and seedling quality index (0.350) were observed in T7.

scholarly journals Temperature and moisture dependence of daily growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) roots in Southern Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-283
Author(s):  
Yiyang Ding ◽  
Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto ◽  
Heljä-Sisko Helmisaari ◽  
Naoki Makita ◽  
Kira Ryhti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Drought Effect ◽  
Fibrous Roots ◽  
Root Types

Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most important conifers in Northern Europe. In boreal forests, over one-third of net primary production is allocated to roots. Pioneer roots expand the horizontal and vertical root systems and transport nutrients and water from belowground to aboveground. Fibrous roots, often colonized by mycorrhiza, emerge from the pioneer roots and absorb water and nutrients from the soil. In this study, we installed three flatbed scanners to detect the daily growth of both pioneer and fibrous roots of Scots pine during the growing season of 2018, a year with an unexpected summer drought in Southern Finland. The growth rate of both types of roots had a positive relationship with temperature. However, the relations between root elongation rate and soil moisture differed significantly between scanners and between root types indicating spatial heterogeneity in soil moisture. The pioneer roots were more tolerant to severe environmental conditions than the fibrous roots. The pioneer roots initiated elongation earlier and ceased it later than the fibrous roots. Elongation ended when the temperature dropped below the threshold temperature of 4 °C for pioneer roots and 6 °C for fibrous roots. During the summer drought, the fibrous roots halted root surface area growth at the beginning of the drought, but there was no drought effect on the pioneer roots over the same period. To compare the timing of root production and the aboveground organs’ production, we used the CASSIA model, which estimates the aboveground tree carbon dynamics. In this study, root growth started and ceased later than growth of aboveground organs. Pioneer roots accounted for 87% of total root productivity. We suggest that future carbon allocation models should separate the roots by root types (pioneer and fibrous), as their growth patterns are different and they have different reactions to changes in the soil environment.

Listeria monocytogenes Survival in Refrigerator Dill Pickles

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2356-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN KYUNG KIM ◽  
ELAINE M. D'SA ◽  
MARK A. HARRISON ◽  
JUDY A. HARRISON ◽  
ELIZABETH L. ANDRESS
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Pickling Cucumbers

Listeria monocytogenes can survive and grow in refrigerated foods with pH values of approximately 4.0 to 5.0 and salt concentrations of 3 to 4%. Home-fermented refrigerator dill pickles fit this description. Contamination of this product with L. monocytogenes could cause serious problems because these items are not heated prior to consumption. L. monocytogenes survival and growth patterns were investigated in refrigerator dill pickles at 1.3, 3.8, and 7.6% salt concentrations. Pickling cucumbers were dipped into an inoculum of L. monocytogenes, brine mixtures were added, and cucumbers were held at room temperature for 1 week and then refrigerated for up to 3 months. The pH, NaCl percentage, titratable acidity percentage, and total populations of Listeria and aerobic, psychrotrophic, and lactic acid bacteria were measured at the addition of brine, after 2, 4, and 7 days of storage at room temperature, and then weekly during refrigerated storage. The initial Listeria population was 5.4 to 5.6 log CFU/cm2 on cucumber surfaces and 3.9 to 4.6 log CFU/g internally. There was an approximate 0.3- to 1-log increase during room temperature fermentation followed by a population decline during refrigerator storage, with a greater decrease in the brines with the highest NaCl concentration. Up to 49 days, the internal tissue of pickles with 1.3, 3.8, or 7.6% salt concentrations were presumptively positive for L. monocytogenes by the enrichment method, and at 91 days the surfaces of such pickles were still positive for L. monocytogenes. Populations of total aerobes and lactic acid bacteria increased during room temperature storage and decreased gradually during refrigerated storage.

scholarly journals Factors Controlling the Hydraulic Efficiency of Green Roofs in the Metropolitan Area of Milan (Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13638
Author(s):  
Franco Salerno ◽  
Lucia Valsecchi ◽  
Riccardo Minoia ◽  
Diego Copetti ◽  
Gianni Tartari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Drainage Flow ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Vegetative Period

Green roofs (GRs) are considered sustainable solutions for the adaptation of urban water management to climate change. The use of GRs is particularly promising in urban environments like the Metropolitan Area of Milan, the most urbanized area in Italy. In this work, we evaluated the subsurface runoff coefficient at the event-time scale, for more than one year of observations, of 68 small-scale test beds comprising different configurations of green roofs (e.g., different vegetations, types and depths of growing media, and different slopes) installed in the Metropolitan Area of Milan. The objectives of this study are three-fold. Firstly, the controlling factors of the hydraulic have been assessed for efficiency. We calculated a mean drainage flow rate of 51%, finding that growing media play a significant role in determining the drainage flow during the spring, at the beginning of the vegetative period. During this season, water retention in fertilized beds increases significantly. At the beginning of the summer, the vegetation cover is able to significantly reduce the drainage flow, playing an even more crucial role with respect to the growing medium material. However, we found that the vegetation type (grass field and Sedum) does not play a significant role in the retention processes. Secondly, the delay of the peak flow rate was determined. We found a precipitation peak delay from 1 to 2 h, which would be sufficient to guarantee environmental benefits for urban drainage. Finally, the factors controlling the hydraulic efficiency of GRs for individual precipitation events were assessed. We found that soil moisture and cumulated precipitation are both significant factors determining the drainage flow rate. In conclusion, we point out that soil moisture is one of the main parameters characterizing GR drainage and should be further considered in future research efforts devoted to the analysis of GR performance.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Murbei Plant of Cultures in Vitro of Peat Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Faradilla Faradilla ◽  
Sulfianto Alias ◽  
Arini Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plantlet Growth ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Binding Power

<pre><span>Silk Sarong Samarinda is a sarong typical samarinda made using imported silk thread from China. Quality mulberry plants are needed to support the cultivation of silkworms (sericulture). Quality mulberry plants are obtained by in vitro propagation techniques. The success of in vitro culture needs to be supported also by the growth medium suitable for acclimatization stage and plantlet growth. As the medium grows peat has several advantages that are light, water-binding power and high air, porous and can create a good environment for the development of plant roots. Acclimatization by using peat media done in glass house. This research uses Completely Randomized Design (RAL) method with 5 (five) kinds of growing media combined with manure, compost and charcoal husk and without fertilization as control. Peat soil media successfully used for the growth of mulberry acclimation. Of the 5 (five) growing media attempted, the best growth of mulberry plants is on peat-growing medium: manure: charcoal husk (1: 1: 1) until 12 weeks after planting (MST) the addition of the number of shoots, the addition of the number of leaves as well as to the growth of plant height where at that height mulberry plants ready to be planted in the field.</span></pre>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document