scholarly journals Technology for biohumus production, an alternative to conventional fertilizers for bio agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
Evelin-Anda Laza ◽  
Oana Cristea ◽  
Nicoleta Ungureanu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Thermophilic Fermentation ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Land Improvement ◽  
Fermentation Stage ◽  
Stable Material

Composting is the process of decomposition and transformation of solid organic substances by microorganisms (mainly bacteria and fungi) into a stable material, which can be used (depending on characteristics) in agriculture, instead of chemical fertilizers or land improvement works (soil improvement. The composting process consists of two stages: mechanical treatment and decomposition (fermentation). In the case of mechanical treatment, the waste is crushed, homogenized and prepared for biological treatment, fermentation. The fermentation stage consists in three main stages, namely the mesophilic fermentation stage, the thermophilic fermentation stage and the maturation stage of the compost.

scholarly journals Removal of Oxygen Demand and Acute Toxicity during Batch Biological Treatment of a Petroleum Refinery Effluent

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brihas P. Sarathy ◽  
Preston M. Hoy ◽  
Sheldon J.B. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Refinery Effluent ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Microtox Toxicity ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Effluent ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract A survey of the process streams at an operating petroleum refinery showed that desalting water from the crude and splitter units had the highest concentrations of pollutants, and accounted for approximately one-third of the BOD and COD of the combined effluent. Combined effluent (234 ± 62 mg BOD/L, 510 ± 0 mg COD/L, and Microtox EC50 4.9 ± 0.4%) was treated using a laboratory-scale batch biological reactor. Ninety-three percent of BOD and 77% of COD were removed over the first 24 hours of biological treatment. Acute (Microtox) toxicity was reduced in two discrete stages; the first coinciding with BOD and COD removal and the second stage occurring after BOD and COD had been removed. A final EC50 value of 27.8% was achieved in batch tests. The two stages of toxicity removal correspond quantitatively to the toxicity removal observed during secondary and tertiary biological treatment at the petroleum refinery's full-scale wastewater treatment plant.

scholarly journals Viability of Inga vera Willd. subsp. affinis (DC.) T. D. Penn. embryos according to the maturation stage, fungal incidence, chemical treatment and storage

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
João José Dias Parisi ◽  
João Domingos Biagi ◽  
Cláudio José Barbedo ◽  
Priscila Fratin Medina
Keyword(s):  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Classic Pattern ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Orthodox Seeds ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Different Levels

The main strategies for conserving Inga vera seeds during storage consist of their partial dehydration and low temperatures. However, such storage conditions can lead to further deterioration of the seed, either from its own metabolism or the development of microorganisms favored by moisture. In this study, the relationship between fungi and the conservation of I. vera embryos with different levels of hydration and maturity was studied, together with the efficiency of treating with carboxin + thiram (300 mL / 100 kg of embryos) for fungus control. Embryos were collected at two stages (immature and mature) and subjected to two drying levels. A sample of embryos from each stage and drying level was treated with carboxin + thiram. Embryos were then stored at 7 or 25 °C for up to 65 days. It was found that undried, mature embryos have a higher physiological quality than the immature ones after storage at 7 °C for 65 days. The carboxin + thiram treatment is phytotoxic for dried embryos. "Field" fungi develop according to the degree of embryo deterioration, differing from the classic pattern defined for orthodox seeds.

The in vitro Uptake of Fluoride by Secretory and Maturation Stage Bovine Enamel

1988 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Fridell ◽  
A. Lussi ◽  
M.A. Crenshaw ◽  
J.W. Bawden
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Bovine Enamel

The objectives of this study were to determine the specific surface area of secretory-stage and of maturation-stage enamel, to compare the fluoride uptake by isolated enamel at these two stages on a surface-area basis, and to examine the effect of the organic matrix on the fluoride uptake by whole enamel. Fetal bovine secretory and maturation stage enamel samples were collected, and a portion of the enamel at each developmental stage was treated with hydrazine for removal of the organic matrix. The specific surface areas of the enamel mineral, as determined by the multi-point BET method, were 59.3 m2/ g in the secretory stage and 37.9 m2/g in the maturation stage. Whole and deproteinated enamel samples were equilibrated in buffered solutions containing 10 -5 to 10-3 mol/L fluoride, and the uptake was measured with a fluoride specific electrode. The results indicate that the in vitro fluoride uptake was controlled solely by the surface area of the apatitic mineral and that the organic matrix did not contribute to the fluoride uptake.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes of contamination removal in constructed wetlands systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gajewska ◽  
Piotr Kowalik ◽  
Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Decomposition ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Measurement Period

The investigation was carried out at two different hybrid constructed wetlands, whichtreated municipal sewage after mechanical treatment from small villages in PomeranianRegion, In all facilities first step of biological treatment were horizontal flow beds, Themain difference concerns configuration of the facilities and sewage distributions systemsinto vertical flow beds, The measurement period was divided into vegetation (from Aprilto October) and outside vegetation seasons (from November to March) for all analysedfacilities.The results allowed for estimation of efficiency removal of different contaminations inboth measurements seasons. Comparison of the amount of sewage and loads ofcontamination inflowing and outflowing from the facilities are presented. Achievedresults make it possible to estimate the rate of organic matter decomposition and nitrogenremoval in vegetation and outside vegetation seasons.

A systems approach evaluation of sludge management strategies: sludge management in Valparaíso and Aconcagua, Chile

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Ramírez ◽  
B. Frostell ◽  
R. Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Management Alternatives

In the 5th Region, located in central Chile, infrastructure projects are being implemented in order to increase the capacity to treat and dispose of sewage. In order to analyse the sludge management alternatives the ORWARE model was used. The research project was divided in two stages: in the first stage, the sewage and sludge management strategies to be compared as well as the objectives were established. The management alternatives chosen were for chemical or biological treatment of sewage while for sludge the management alternatives were based on digestion, composting or lime stabilisation. The second stage included simulation and analysis of results. The main conclusions of the work were: if “lowest possible emissions” is the main objective of sewage treatment, biological treatment should be applied. Regarding pathogen reduction, both chemical precipitation and biological treatment attain an adequate reduction if the treated sewage is to be discharged to the sea. On the other hand, additional disinfection is needed in the case of discharge to rivers. Control at source should be stressed to avoid heavy metals and toxic organic compounds in the sludge.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Agricultural Processed By-Products: Qualities Analysis of Fermentation Method in Gradient Salt Adding Treatment of Tuna Cooking Juice with Black Bean Koji Added

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Jhih-Ying Ciou ◽  
Lu-Sheng Hsieh ◽  
Tzu-Tai Lee ◽  
Chang-Wei Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Fish Sauce ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Fermentation Stage

Fish sauce is popular for fermenting food in Southeast and Eastern Asia, while black bean is used to ferment condiments in Taiwan. Researchers have recently investigated the use of fish and black bean sauce in places where combining both fish and black bean is rare. This study was focused on fish sauce made from concentrated tuna cooking juice mixed with black bean koji. The experiment was divided into two stages. In the pre-fermentation stage, a suitable fermentation time with no salt added was determined. In the later fermentation stage, two preformatted samples of 4 and 7 days were added to salt water at 20 °Bé. In the pre-fermentation stage, the results show that the protease activity increased as time passed, but the pH value decreased. The highest browning degree was achieved after 120 days. In the later fermentation period, the total nitrogen contents for both experimental groups of 4 days and 7 days reached up to twice that of soy sauce. The total nitrogen content increased with time. In addition, the level of ammonia nitrogen increased from 0.08 to 0.15 g/dL in the first month. In conclusion, a new flavor of fermented sauce was produced in a shorter time and more effectively by combining tuna cooking juice and black bean.

Dormancy studies in seed of Avena fatua. 12. Influence of temperature on germination behavior of nondormant families

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramma Sawhney ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Pure Lines ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Experiments are reported which clarify the influence of temperature on dormancy of seed of Avena fatua. Temperature treatments administered at two stages of the life cycle, during seed development (stage 1) and during the period immediately following seed maturation (stage 2), influence the duration of dormancy in all families (pure lines) so far investigated. There is evidence for induction of thermodormancy by relatively high incubation temperatures. This effect is most evident in seed which experienced relatively low temperatures during maturation. The significance of dormancy in the adaptation of "nondormant" (ND) families is discussed.

The Law of the Residual COD in Distilled Spirit Wastewater after Two Stages of Biochemical Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 596-601
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Li ◽  
Xu Qing Liu ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Hao Yuan ◽  
Chao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Treatment ◽  
Scientific Justification ◽  
Chishui River ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Two Stages

Based on the tests of the high concentration organic wastewater from the sampling of Maotai flavor liquor enterprises in Chishui River Basin after two stages of biochemical treatment, this study found out the residue COD concentration range and investigated the rules of its formation. Under anaerobic conditions,the inert COD (SI) were measured.The experimental results showed that: the anaerobic retention time was 48 hours and the COD concentration of the effluent after aerobic biological treatment was about 300~350mg/L, the residual BOD5accounted for 1~2%, the difficult to degrade in raw water COD accounted for 28~33% and SMP accounted for 65~73%. In conclusion, the research findings can provide a scientific justification for the depth treatment process of liquor wastewater to reach the standard.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document