scholarly journals Research on factors affecting bus fire based on numerical simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Min Xu ◽  
Pengyi Bu ◽  
Lin Xin ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Limin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Smoke Spread ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
In Fire

With the rapid development of economy, the number of buses and bus fire increases. This paper takes bus as the research object and uses software FDS to explore the fire smoke spread under different fire power conditions. The results show that: with the increase in fire power, the smoke in the compartment rapidly accumulates, and the heating rate is also accelerated. The visibility decreases with the diffusion of smoke in the compartment. The CO concentration increases with time. The greater the fire power, the higher the temperature which will eventually stabilize. Only the concentration of smoke near the entrance will be slightly reduced. This is also conducive to the escape of people inside the car.

THE NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1849-1854
Author(s):  
Marin Petkov
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Security System ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

The rapid development of science and technology has led to the emergence of a crisis in society. Science "pushes" religion, but does not offer a new moral code in its place. The definitions of "security" are almost as many and as controversial as postmodernism. For the purposes of this study, however, it will be sufficient to define security as "the functional state of a system that provides for the neutralization and counteraction of external and internal factors affecting or potentially damaging the system." This scientific article presents a study, which seeks to answer the question why the paradigm "security" is so important in the postmodern society, what are the roots of its influence and meaning, and to seek conclusions and guidelines for its increase.

Subjective factors affecting gun shooting accuracy among employees of internal affairs agencies in process of learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Anton Rozhkov ◽  
Anton Popov ◽  
Vitaliy Balahonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Sensorimotor Coordination ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intelligent Behavior ◽  
Experience Of Stress ◽  
Firing Line ◽  
High Level ◽  
In Fire

The article is devoted to the study of subjective factors affecting shooting accuracy of law enforcement officers. The empirical study identified some subjective factors reducing gun shooting accuracy and effectiveness among law enforcers. These characteristics include sensorimotor coordination and subjective experience of stress during the shooting process. Scientific analysis made it possible to determine statistical significance of the influence of these factors on the accuracy of shooting. To increase the effectiveness of shooting among officers with a low index of sensorimotor coordination, the authors suggest using exercises aimed at cultivating sensorimotor coordination in fire training classes. While working with employees being under a high level of subjectively experienced stress, more attention should be paid to training techniques to overcome stress and form intelligent behavior in extreme situations. The authors also draw readers’ attention to factors increasing the effectiveness of shooting: officers’ ability to determine the subjective level of stress, their knowledge of emotional self-regulation techniques, knowledge of the sequence of their actions in the firing line.

Solid Waste Management on Romanian Households

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2941-2947
Author(s):  
George Ungureanu ◽  
Gabriela Ignat ◽  
elena Leonte ◽  
Carmen Luiza Costuleanu ◽  
Nicoleta Stanciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Factors Affecting

The problem associated with the household behavior on solid waste disposal site in today�s society is complex because of the large quantity and diverse nature of the wastes. Due increase the population, rapid development, global agricultural development has moved rapidly, limitations of financing, emerging limitations of both energy and raw materials and also add to the complexity of any waste management system, large quantities of wastes are being generated in different forms such as solid, liquid and gases. This research explored factors affecting the level of participation in solid waste segregation and recycling of households in Romania, as well as examining current Romania households waste management practices and their knowledge of waste management. This study investigated the solid waste situation and the organization of solid waste management in both urban and rural settings from the perspective of households. Solid waste management is a key component of public services which needs to serve the urban and rural municipalities in an efficient way in order to maintain a decent standard of public health.

About some of the factors for public administration effectiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
ALIKHAN М. BAIMENOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
State Apparatus

The article emphasizes that modern governments, working in unique socio-economic, historical and cultural conditions, must take into account global trends, as well as the growth of citizens’ expectations associated with the rapid development of information technologies and other factors. In such circumstances, special attention is paid to the effectiveness of public administration. The article discusses some of the significant factors impacting the effectiveness of public administration, such as the professionalization of the state apparatus, the legibility of the institutional framework, the optimization of information flows and corporate culture. In accordance with this, on the basis of work experience in the public administration system and analysis of civil service reforms in the countries of the region, the main challenges and possible solutions are shown. In the professionalization of the state apparatus, the importance of the merit principles in the selection and promotion stages of personnel through the empowerment of human resource (HR) management services, the integrity of tools and approaches at all stages of selection process, and the responsibility of the selection board are noted. The author focuses on the need to ensure a balance of powers, responsibility and resources, delimitation of powers between political and administrative civil servants, optimization of information flows. Particular importance is paid to corporate culture, which is one of the main factors affecting the efficiency of the state apparatus. It is noted that central values of corporate culture and leadership in state bodies of the countries of our region, along with generally accepted in the modern leadership theory, should be respect for the dignity, work and time of employees.

scholarly journals Health Risks of Structural Firefighters from Exposure to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4209
Author(s):  
Jooyeon Hwang ◽  
Chao Xu ◽  
Robert J. Agnew ◽  
Shari Clifton ◽  
Tara R. Malone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pah Exposure ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Firefighters have an elevated risk of cancer, which is suspected to be caused by occupational and environmental exposure to fire smoke. Among many substances from fire smoke contaminants, one potential source of toxic exposure is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The goal of this paper is to identify the association between PAH exposure levels and contributing risk factors to derive best estimates of the effects of exposure on structural firefighters’ working environment in fire. We surveyed four databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) for this systematic literature review. Generic inverse variance method for random effects meta-analysis was applied for two exposure routes—dermal and inhalation. In dermal, the neck showed the highest dermal exposure increased after the fire activity. In inhalation, the meta-regression confirmed statistically significant increases in PAH concentrations for longer durations. We also summarized the scientific knowledge on occupational exposures to PAH in fire suppression activities. More research into uncontrolled emergency fires is needed with regard to newer chemical classes of fire smoke retardant and occupational exposure pathways. Evidence-based PAH exposure assessments are critical for determining exposure–dose relationships in large epidemiological studies of occupational risk factors.

Acute Inhalation Injury

1971 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Trevor R. W. Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Inhalation Injury ◽  
Thermal Burns ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
In Fire

AbstractA group of casualties from a major conflagration was exposed only to the inhalation of fire smoke and not to burning. The resulting respiratory syndrome was clinically identical to that repeatedly reported in fire victims and often attributed to respiratory burns. Clinical and experimental evidence is reviewed suggesting that thermal burns of the respiratory tract are unlikely to be encountered clinically, but that there is a common syndrome of acute respiratory injury from inhaled irritants, whose management demands the urgent use of steroids.

Lab Testing and Finite Element Method Simulation of Hole Deflector Performance for Radial Jet Drilling

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Gensheng Li ◽  
Zhongwei Huang ◽  
Tianqi Ma ◽  
Dongbo Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Frictional Resistance ◽  
Finite Element Method Simulation ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Coal Bed ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Pressure Water Jet

Radial jet drilling (RJD) is an efficient approach for improving the productivity of wells in low permeability, marginal and coal-bed methane (CBM) reservoirs at a very low cost. It uses high-pressure water jet to drill lateral holes from a vertical wellbore. The length of the lateral holes is greatly influenced by the frictional resistance in the hole deflector. However, the hole deflector frictional resistance and structure design have not been well studied. This work fills that gap. Frictional resistances were measured in a full-scale experiment and calculated by numerical simulation. The structure of the hole deflector was parameterized and a geometric model was developed to design the hole deflector track. An empirical model was then established to predict the frictional resistance as a function of the hole deflector structure parameters and an optimization method for designing the hole deflector was proposed. Finally, four types of hole deflectors were optimized using this method. The results show good agreement between the numerical simulation and the experimental data. The model error is within 11.6%. The bend radius R and exit angle β are the key factors affecting the performance of the hole deflector. The validation test was conducted for a case hole deflector (5½ in. casing). The measured frictional resistance was decreased from 31.44 N to 23.16 N by 26.34%. The results from this research could serve as a reference for the design of hole deflectors for radial jet drilling.

Numerical simulation of fire smoke in extra-long river-crossing subway tunnels

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 82-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Guo ◽  
Xuhai Pan ◽  
Zhilei Wang ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Min Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Fire Smoke ◽  
Subway Tunnels
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