scholarly journals Reshaping Hybrid Perovskites Emission with Flexible Polymer Microcavities

2020 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 00006
Author(s):  
Paola Lova ◽  
Paolo Giusto ◽  
Francesco Di Stasio ◽  
Giovanni Manfredi ◽  
Giuseppe M. Paternò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Photonic Crystals ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solution Processable

Thanks to versatile optoelectronic properties solution processable perovskites have attracted increasing interest as active materials in photovoltaic and light emitting devices. However, the deposition of perovskite thin films necessitates wide range solvents that are incompatible with many other solution-processable media, including polymers that are usually dissolved by the perovskite solvents. In this work, we demonstrate that hybrid perovskite thin films can be coupled with all polymer planar photonic crystals with different approaches to achieve emission intensity enhancement and reshaping using different approaches. The possibility to control and modify the emission spectrum of a solution processable perovskite via a simple spun-cast polymer structure is indeed of great interest in optoelectronic applications requiring high color purity or emission directionality. Furthermore, thanks to the ease of fabrication and scalability of solution-processed photonic crystals, this approach could enable industrial scale production of low-cost, large area, lightweight and flexible polymer-perovskite lighting devices, which may be tuned without resorting to compositional engineering.

scholarly journals The Growth of Semiconductor Thin Films Studied by RHEED

1990 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
GL Price
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Science ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ultra High Vacuum ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Growth Modes ◽  
Semiconductor Thin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in the growth of semiconductor thin films are reviewed. The emphasis is on growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Results obtained by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) are employed to describe the different kinds of growth processes and the types of materials which can be constructed. MBE is routinely capable of heterostructure growth to atomic precision with a wide range of materials including III-V, IV, II-VI semiconductors, metals, ceramics such as high Tc materials and organics. As the growth proceeds in ultra high vacuum, MBE can take advantage of surface science techniques such as Auger, RHEED and SIMS. RHEED is the essential in-situ probe since the final crystal quality is strongly dependent on the surface reconstruction during growth. RHEED can also be used to calibrate the growth rate, monitor growth kinetics, and distinguish between various growth modes. A major new area is lattice mismatched growth where attempts are being made to construct heterostructures between materials of different lattice constants such as GaAs on Si. Also described are the new techniques of migration enhanced epitaxy and tilted superlattice growth. Finally some comments are given On the means of preparing large area, thin samples for analysis by other techniques from MBE grown films using capping, etching and liftoff.

Engineering the shape of Zinc Oxide crystals via sonochemical or hydrothermal solution-based methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Palumbo ◽  
Simon J. Henley ◽  
Thierry Lutz ◽  
Vlad Stolojan ◽  
David Cox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Hydrothermal Solution ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Transparent Conductors ◽  
Zno Nanostructures ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solution Methods

AbstractRecent results in the use of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nano/submicron crystals in fields as diverse as sensors, UV lasers, solar cells, piezoelectric nanogenerators and light emitting devices have reinvigorated the interest of the scientific community in this material. To fully exploit the wide range of properties offered by ZnO, a good understanding of the crystal growth mechanism and related defects chemistry is necessary. However, a full picture of the interrelation between defects, processing and properties has not yet been completed, especially for the ZnO nanostructures that are now being synthesized. Furthermore, achieving good control in the shape of the crystal is also a very desirable feature based on the strong correlation there is between shape and properties in nanoscale materials. In this paper, the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures via two alternative aqueous solution methods - sonochemical and hydrothermal - will be presented, together with the influence that the addition of citric anions or variations in the concentration of the initial reactants have on the ZnO crystals shape. Foreseen applications might be in the field of sensors, transparent conductors and large area electronics possibly via ink-jet printing techniques or self-assembly methods.

scholarly journals Simultaneous production of DHA and squalene from Aurantiochytrium sp. grown on forest biomass hydrolysates

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alok Patel ◽  
Ulrika Rova ◽  
Paul Christakopoulos ◽  
Leonidas Matsakas
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Simultaneous Generation ◽  
Nutraceutical Compounds ◽  
Lignocellulosic Feedstock ◽  
Oleaginous Microorganism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Abstract Background Recent evidence points to the nutritional importance of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the human diet. Thraustochytrids are heterotrophic marine oleaginous microorganisms capable of synthesizing high amounts of DHA, as well as other nutraceutical compounds such as squalene, in their cellular compartment. Squalene is a natural triterpene and an important biosynthetic precursor to all human steroids. It has a wide range of applications in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries, with benefits that include boosting immunity and antioxidant activity. Apart from its nutritional quality, it can also be utilized for high-grade bio-jet fuel by catalytic conversion. Results In the present study, the potential of thraustochytrid strain Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 to produce DHA and squalene was evaluated. When the strain was cultivated on organosolv-pretreated birch hydrolysate (30 g/L glucose) in flask, it resulted in 10.39 g/L of cell dry weight and 4.98 g/L of total lipids, of which 25.98% was DHA. In contrast, when the strain was grown in a bioreactor, cell dry weight, total lipid, and DHA increased to 11.24 g/L, 5.90 g/L, and 35.76%, respectively. The maximum squalene yield was 69.31 mg/gCDW (0.72 g/L) when the strain was cultivated in flask, but it increased to 88.47 mg/gCDW (1.0 g/L), when cultivation shifted to a bioreactor. Conclusions This is the first report demonstrating the utilization of low cost non-edible lignocellulosic feedstock to cultivate the marine oleaginous microorganism Aurantiochytrium sp. for the production of nutraceutical vital compounds. Owing to the simultaneous generation of DHA and squalene, the strain is suitable for industrial-scale production of nutraceuticals.

Effect of Molarity of Precursor Solution on Nanocrystalline Zinc Oxide Thin Films

2009 ◽  
Vol 293 ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girjesh Singh ◽  
S.B. Shrivastava ◽  
Deepti Jain ◽  
Swati Pandya ◽  
V. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Spray Pyrolysis Technique ◽  
Precursor Solution ◽  
Zno Films ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
Wide Range

During the last two decades, the use of transparent conducting films of non-stoichiometric and doped metallic oxides for the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy has assumed great significance. A variety of materials, using various deposition techniques, has been tried for this purpose [1-3]. Among these various materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the prominent oxide semiconductors suitable for photovoltaic applications because of its high electrical conductivity and optical transmittance in the visible region of the solar spectrum [4]. Furthermore, thin films of ZnO have shown good chemical stability against hydrogen plasma, which is of prime importance in a-Si:H-based solar-cell fabrication. Thus, zinc oxide can serve as a good candidate for replacing SnO2 and indium tin oxide (ITO) films in Si:H-based solar cells. One of the outstanding features of ZnO is its large excitonic binding energy, i.e. 60meV, leading to the existence of excitons at room temperature and even at higher temperatures [5-8]. These unique characteristics have generated a wide range of applications of ZnO. For example, gas sensors [9], surface acoustic devices [10], transparent electrodes and solar cells. Many techniques are used for preparing the transparent conducting ZnO films, such as RF sputtering [11], evaporation [12], chemical vapour deposition [13], ion beam sputtering [14] and spray pyrolysis [15–18]. Among these, the spray pyrolysis technique has attracted considerable attention due to its simplicity and large-scale production combined with low-cost fabrication. By using this technique, one can produce large-area coatings without any need for ultra-high vacuum. Thus, the capital cost and the production cost of high-quality zinc oxide semiconductor thin films are lowest among all other techniques. In the present work, we have synthesized ZnO films by using the spray pyrolysis technique. A number of films have been prepared by changing the molarity of the precursor solution. The prepared films have been characterized with regard to their structural, morphological and electrical properties.

Preparation of CuIn(SxSe1–x)2 thin films with tunable band gap by controlling sulfurization temperature of CuInSe2

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2426-2429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangjun Wang ◽  
Gang Cheng ◽  
Binbin Hu ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Shaoming Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chalcopyrite Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sulfurization Temperature ◽  
Tunable Band Gap

In this paper, polycrystalline CuIn(SxSe1–x)2 thin films with tunable x and Eg (band gap) values were prepared by controlling the sulfurization temperature (T) of CuInSe2 thin films. X-ray diffraction indicated the CuIn(SxSe1–x)2 films exhibited a homogeneous chalcopyrite structure. When T increases from 150 to 500 °C, x increases from 0 to 1, and Eg increases from 0.96 to 1.43 eV. The relations between x and Eg and the sulfurization process of CuIn(SxSe1–x)2 thin films have been discussed. This work provides an easy and low-cost technique for preparing large area absorber layers of solar cell with tunable Eg.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Functional Materials for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarawut Tontapha ◽  
Pikaned Uppachai ◽  
Vittaya Amornkitbamrung
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been developed as a promising photovoltaic cell type in recent decades because of their low cost, environmental friendliness, ease of fabrication, and suitability for a wide range of indoor and outdoor applications, especially under diverse shaded and low-light condition. They are typically composed of three main components: a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate-based working electrode with wide-bandgap semiconductors and dye sensitizer molecules, an electrolytic mediator based on redox couple species, and a TCO-based counter electrode consisting of catalyst materials. The development of intrinsic and functional organic, inorganic, metal oxide, composite, and carbon-based materials has been intensively studied to enhance the efficiency of DSSCs. A simple and low-cost fabrication process that uses natural products is also considered essential for further large-scale production. In this article, we review the fabrication of various functional materials and their effects on DSSC performance.

scholarly journals SCAPS modelling of ZnO/CdS/CdTe/CuO photovoltaic heterosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-668
Author(s):  
Z. R. Zapukhlyak ◽  
L.I. Nykyruy ◽  
G. Wisz ◽  
V.M. Rubish ◽  
V.V. Prokopiv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
Vacuum Deposition ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Wide Range

The authors have developed a simple, cheap and reproducible technology for obtaining thin-film heterostructures based on CdTe with a given surface morphology during vacuum deposition, which contributes to their low cost [1, 2]. The critical dimensions (thicknesses) of individual layers of the heterostructure were substantiated, a simulation was performed and a wide range of optical properties was investigated [3]. It is shown that for the deposited CdS / CdTe heterostructure on glass it is possible to obtain an efficiency of 15.8%. Given that thin films are relatively new systems, their study can offer much wider opportunities for technological improvement of photovoltaic energy converters. According to the analysis of modern literature data, the efficiency can be increased by performing deposition on ITO films and introducing nanoparticles of controlled sizes.

Scale-up of oCVD: large-area conductive polymer thin films for next-generation electronics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kovacik ◽  
Gabriella del Hierro ◽  
William Livernois ◽  
Karen K. Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Polymer Films ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Large Area

We demonstrate large-area conductive polymer films using oxidative chemical vapor deposition and apply them to low-cost and durable conductive textiles.

Organic Materials for Large Area Electronics

2008 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Friend
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Active Matrix ◽  
Semiconductor Physics ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Wide Range

Organic materials have been developed to operate as the active semiconductor in a wide range of semiconductor devices, including light-emitting diodes, LEDs, field-effect transistors, FETs, and photovoltaic diodes, PVs. The ability to process these materials as thin films over large areas makes possible a range of applications, currently in displays, as LEDs and as active matrix FET arrays, and solar cells. This article reviews developments in semiconductor physics of these materials and in their application in semiconductor devices

Toward low-cost large-area CIGS thin film III: Effect of Se concentration on crystal growth and defect formation of sequentially electrodeposited CIGS thin films

Solar Energy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Hua Yeh ◽  
Shih-Jung Ho ◽  
Guang-Hong Chen ◽  
Chang-Wei Yeh ◽  
Pin-Ru Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Cigs Thin Film
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