scholarly journals Use of MEMS sensors for condition monitoring of devices: discussion about the accuracy of features for diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Giulio D'Emilia ◽  
Emanuela Natale
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metrological Characteristics ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Mems Sensors ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Automatic Production ◽  
The Real

This paper analyses the effect of the variability of metrological characteristics of a set of low-cost Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for the acceleration measurement, on the calculation of typical features used for condition monitoring (CM) of automatic production lines. The knowledge of the contribution of the variability of metrological characteristics to the final accuracy of features is an aspect of interest when networks of low-cost sensors are used, in particular in case the variability of their characteristics is high. In fact, due to a mass production, the calibration is not carried out sensor by sensor, but the characteristics are determined on a sample basis and assigned to the entire batch. Neglecting the variability between sensors can lead to effects on the results of data analysis, which are not easily predictable. In this paper, the real variability of the sensor's characteristics, experimentally evaluated through the calibration of a set of 25 low-cost MEMS accelerometers, has been taken into account. Digital sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio and data rate variability of each device have been considered for the analysis. The analysis has been carried out with reference to two different test cases of industrial interest, by modifying the real outputs of high performance piezoelectric accelerometers used for CM, in order to simulate the effect of the metrological characteristics of MEMS sensors. The results show which features, among those typically used for CM, are more affected and which characteristics of MEMS are more influencing the features themselves, with reference to the specific considered applications.

A self-developed indoor three-dimensional pedestrian localization platform based on MEMS sensors

Sensor Review ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengbo Sang ◽  
Ruiyong Zhai ◽  
Wendong Zhang ◽  
Qirui Sun ◽  
Zhaoying Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Angular Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dead Reckoning ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Mems Sensors ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Low Performance

Purpose – This study aims to design a new low-cost localization platform for estimating the location and orientation of a pedestrian in a building. The micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensor error compensation and the algorithm were improved to realize the localization and altitude accuracy. Design/methodology/approach – The platform hardware was designed with common low-performance and inexpensive MEMS sensors, and with a barometric altimeter employed to augment altitude measurement. The inertial navigation system (INS) – extended Kalman filter (EKF) – zero-velocity updating (ZUPT) (INS-EKF-ZUPT [IEZ])-extended methods and pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) (IEZ + PDR) algorithm were modified and improved with altitude determined by acceleration integration height and pressure altitude. The “AND” logic with acceleration and angular rate data were presented to update the stance phases. Findings – The new platform was tested in real three-dimensional (3D) in-building scenarios, achieved with position errors below 0.5 m for 50-m-long route in corridor and below 0.1 m on stairs. The algorithm is robust enough for both the walking motion and the fast dynamic motion. Originality/value – The paper presents a new self-developed, integrated platform. The IEZ-extended methods, the modified PDR (IEZ + PDR) algorithm and “AND” logic with acceleration and angular rate data can improve the high localization and altitude accuracy. It is a great support for the increasing 3D location demand in indoor cases for universal application with ordinary sensors.

scholarly journals Review on Pressure Sensors: A Perspective from Mechanical to Micro-electro-mechanical systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankur Gupta
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical System ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Application Requirements

Swiftly emerging research prospects in the Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) enable to build of complex and sophisticated microstructures on a substrate containing moving masses, cantilevers, flexures, levers, linkages, dampers, gears, detectors, actuators, and many more on a single chip. One of the MEMS initial products that emerged into the micro-system technology is the MEMS pressure sensor. Because of their high performance, low cost, and compact size, these sensors are extensively being adopted in numerous applications viz., aerospace, automobile, and bio-medical domain, etc. These application requirements drive and impose tremendous conditions on sensor design to overcome the tedious design and fabrication procedure before its reality. MEMS-based pressure sensors enable a wide range of pressure measurements as per the application requirements. Considering its vast utility in industries, this paper presents a detailed review of MEMS-based pressure sensors and their wide area of applications, their design aspects, and challenges, to provide state of an art gist to the researchers of a similar domain in one place.

scholarly journals Multiple Compact Camera Fluorescence Detector for Real-Time PCR Devices

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7013
Author(s):  
Seul-Bit-Na Koo ◽  
Hyeon-Gyu Chi ◽  
Jong-Dae Kim ◽  
Yu-Seop Kim ◽  
Ji-Sung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Element ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation

The polymerase chain reaction is an important technique in biological research because it tests for diseases with a small amount of DNA. However, this process is time consuming and can lead to sample contamination. Recently, real-time PCR techniques have emerged which make it possible to monitor the amplification process for each cycle in real time. Existing camera-based systems that measure fluorescence after DNA amplification simultaneously process fluorescence excitation and emission for dozens of tubes. Therefore, there is a limit to the size, cost, and assembly of the optical element. In recent years, imaging devices for high-performance, open platforms have benefitted from significant innovations. In this paper, we propose a fluorescence detector for real-time PCR devices using an open platform camera. This system can reduce the cost, and can be miniaturized. To simplify the optical system, four low-cost, compact cameras were used. In addition, the field of view of the entire tube was minimized by dividing it into quadrants. An effective image processing method was used to compensate for the reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio. Using a reference fluorescence material, it was confirmed that the proposed system enables stable fluorescence detection according to the amount of DNA.

EFFECT OF Al3+ DOPING ON MAGNETIC AND DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF Ni–Zn FERRITES BY "ONE-STEP SYNTHESIS"

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (29) ◽  
pp. 3881-3892 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. L. GE ◽  
Z. J. PENG ◽  
C. B. WANG ◽  
Z. Q. FU
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Soft Magnetic Materials ◽  
Constant Density ◽  
The Real ◽  
Phase Spinel ◽  
One Step ◽  
Magnetic And Dielectric Properties

Al 3+-doped Ni – Zn ferrites with composition of Ni 0.5 Zn 0.5( Fe 1-x Al x)2 O 4 (where x = 0, 0.012, 0.023, 0.035 and 0.045) were prepared by a method named "one-step synthesis." The magnetic and dielectric properties of the as-prepared Ni – Zn ferrites were investigated. X-ray diffraction data indicated that all the ferrite samples had a single-phase spinel structure. The addition of Al 3+ resulted in a reduction of the grain size, lattice constant, density, shrinkage and saturation magnetization of the as-prepared samples. The Curie temperatures, however, raised first and reduced later with increasing contents of Al 3+ in the samples, but still kept high values. Both the real and imaginary parts of permeability of ferrites decreased with increasing amount of Al 3+ doped before they reached peak value. As the applied frequency increased to higher than about 10 MHz, the real part of permeability of non-doped ferrite had already become lower than those of ferrites doped with Al 3+. Moreover, the doping of Al 3+ made their utility of magnetic permeability move to much higher frequency. The observed decreases in dielectric constants and dielectric loss tangent could be attributed to the decreased electron conductivity by substituting Fe 3+ with Al 3+ in the samples. The as-prepared high-performance soft magnetic materials prepared using such a simple and low-cost method will be much promising in high-frequency applications and industrialization.

Development of a Highly Miniaturized PQT-Sensor for Monitoring and Diagnosing of Pneumatic Systems

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Sosna ◽  
Rainer Buchner ◽  
Walter Lang ◽  
Wolfgang Benecke ◽  
Christian Boehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
First Principles ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Design Proposal

In this paper a feasibility study of a micromachined PQT-sensor for measurement of pressure (P), flow rate (Q), and temperature (T) for diagnostic applications in pneumatic systems is presented. As a low cost device this innovative PQT-sensor has to fulfill different kinds of criteria such as wide measuring range, fast response time, high resolution and high accuracy for diagnosing the health status of a pneumatic system. By using micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies small high-performance sensors were fabricated which fulfill all these criteria. At first, principles will be described that have been chosen for measurement of pressure, flow and temperature that will be used for the PQT-sensor. A design proposal for the sensor will be presented and verified with analytical calculations to show its applicability.

Correcting Front-End RF Impedance Mismatch for 2.4GHz Wireless Long-Distance Data Transmission

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mu-Chun Wang ◽  
Zhen-Ying Hsieh ◽  
Shu-Han Chao ◽  
Chia-Hao Tu ◽  
Shuang-Yuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Impedance Match ◽  
Packet Error Rate ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Impedance Mismatch ◽  
The Real ◽  
Distance Data ◽  
The Difference

In order to increase the higher competition in low-power wireless network communication market, a high-performance and low-cost product is necessary to distinguish the difference with others. Through integrating the system performance with suitable L-shape impedance-match circuit assisting with some network analyzer, this target with a 2.4 GHz radio-frequency (RF) product in long-distance data transportation seems to be promisingly implemented. In short-distance data transportation, the ideal output-link transportation rate (∼ max. 54 Mb/sec) is slightly influenced by impedance mismatch between power amplifier (PA) and antenna port. However, it is tremendously reduced at long-distance condition and the transportation rate is decreased to ∼ 24 Mb/sec. Using the attenuator to attenuate the real input signal to –70dB to simulate the real signal transportation, the packet error rate (PER) is less than 10% at a physical sublayer service data unit (PSDU) length of 1000 bytes under the communication 802.11g spec. as the real transmission rate is 20 Mb/sec. If the impedance of the transmission line is shifted, the long-distance transportation rate will be reduced to, almost, 20 × 24 / 54 = 8.8 Mb/sec. The transportation performance is greatly deducted. With the delicate design and the feasible component arrangement, the impedance mismatch influencing the long-distance (∼ 100 m) data transportation is overcome and reduced to the acceptable range. In this investigation using 3.3 V power supply, we observe that the selection of electronic components with miniaturization is also an art to reduce the radiation side-effect.

scholarly journals Analog Radio Over Fiber Aided C-RAN: Optical Aided Beamforming for Multi-User Adaptive MIMO Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yichuan Li ◽  
Salman Ghafoor ◽  
Muhammad Fasih Uddin Butt ◽  
Mohammed El-Hajjar
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
High Data

Given the increasing demand for high data-rate, high-performance wireless communications services, the demand on the radio access networks (RAN) has been increasing significantly, where optical fiber has been widely used both for the backhaul and fronthaul. Additionally, advances in signal processing such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques, have improved the performance as well as transmission rate of communications networks. Beamforming has been used as an efficient MIMO technique for providing a signal to noise ratio (SNR) gain as well as reducing the multi-user interference. However, beamforming requires the employment of phase-shifters, which suffers from reduced phase resolutions, degraded noise figures as well as beam-squinting in addition to the implementation challenges. Hence, in this paper we employ an analogue radio over fiber (A-RoF) aided architecture for supporting the requirements of the current and future mobile networks, where we design a photonics aided beamforming technique in order to eliminate the bulky electronic phase-shifters and the beam-squinting effect, while also providing a low-cost RAN solution. Additionally, this photonics aided beamforming is combined with a reconfigurable multi-user MIMO technique, where users can communicate with one or multiple remote radio heads (RRHs), while employing stand-alone beamforming, beamforming combined with diversity or with multiplexing depending on the available resources and the user channel information as well as the quality of service requirements.

Embedded Attitude Estimation System for Quad-Rotor UAVs

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 528-531
Author(s):  
Jing Ran Wu ◽  
Zhen Guo Sun ◽  
Qi Dong Ma ◽  
Wen Zeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Attitude Estimation ◽  
Mems Sensors ◽  
Autonomous Flight ◽  
The Real ◽  
Ground Testing ◽  
Complementary Filter ◽  
Estimation System

An embedded attitude estimation system is developed for the autonomous flight of Quad-Rotor UAVs. The system hardware is composed of a DSP processor and low-cost MEMS sensors including a 3-axis gyroscope and a 3-axis accelerometer. A Complementary Filter fused the advantages of the gyroscope and accelerometer is designed and embedded on the DSP processor to estimate the real-time attitude. Ground testing experiments show that the system could meet the accuracy and robustness requirements for the Quad-Rotor UAVs attitude estimation.

Assessment of inter-IC sound microelectromechanical systems microphones for soundscape reporting

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 2259-2269
Author(s):  
Trevor Wong ◽  
Bhan Lam ◽  
Furi Andi Karnapi ◽  
Kenneth Ooi ◽  
Woon-Seng Gan
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acoustic Parameter ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Mems Microphones

Acoustic parameters obtained from calibrated acoustic equipment are part of the minimum soundscape reporting requirements as stated in Annex A of ISO 12913-2. To dynamically monitor the acoustic environment of a large area, a large network of acoustic sensors could be deployed, albeit at significant cost. Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphones offer compact, low-cost and high-performance alternatives to traditional analog microphones. In particular, the use of Inter-IC Sound (IS) communication allows MEMS microphones to be conveniently used in concert with I2S output interfaces for sound actuation. The performance of several IS MEMS Microphones was compared to that of an IEC 61094-4:1996 WS2F microphone in an anechoic chamber and a series of digital filters was designed to compensate for the differences in frequency response. The noise floor, compensated frequency response, acoustic parameter accuracy of IS MEMS were evaluated and recommendations regarding the suitability of the IS MEMS were provided.

Detection Design and Implementation of Image Capture and Processing System Based on FPGA

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 4565-4570
Author(s):  
Guo Sheng Xu
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Video Data ◽  
Image Capture ◽  
The Real ◽  
Video Data Compression

Due to the project in this article, a kind of image capture and processing system based on FPGA is proposed, the low cost high performance FPGA is selected as the main core, the design of the whole system including software and hardware are implemented. The system achieves to functions of the high -speed data collection, the high -speed video data compression the real time video data Network Transmission and the real time compression picture data storage. the data processed was transferred to PC through USB2.0 real-time to reconstruct defects microscopic images. Experimental results prove right and feasible by adopting the algorithm and scheme proposed in this paper.

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