Engineering economic analysis of meliponiculture in Malaysia considering current market price

Azo dyes including C. I. Basic Brown 16 (BB16) are one of the coloured organic compounds that have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The current work aims to optimise the adsorption of C.I BB16 in aqueous solution using durian (Durio zibethinus murray) shell as a low-cost green adsorbent. Durian shell was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The adsorption process was optimised with response surface methodology (RSM) based on pH (4–8), time (30–240 min), durian shell dosage (0.1–1.0 g/L) and initial concentration of C.I BB16 (10–20 ppm). The removal efficiency was determined based on the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the decolourisation of C.I BB16. The techno-economic analysis was described in the current work to know the economic feasibility of durian shells as an adsorbent. The SEM images showed that durian shell adsorbent has a smooth surface with no pores. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of -C-O, =C–H, C=C, -C-O-C and O-H bonds in durian shell. Maximum decolourisation (77.6%) and COD removal (80.6%) for C.I BB16 was achieved with the interaction between pH, time and adsorbent dose and initial concentration of C.I BB16. The optimal operating factors for adsorption of C.I BB16 recorded at pH 8, time (30 min), durian shell dosage (1 g/L) and 15 mg /L of C.I BB16 concentrations were 77.61 vs. 74.26 (%) of C.I BB16 removal and 80.60 vs. 78.72 (%) of COD removal with an R2 coefficient of 0.94 at p < 0.05. The specific cost of durian shell coagulant production is USD 172.71 per ton which is lower than the market price of honeydew peels-activated carbon (HDP-AC) (USD 261.81) and the commercial market price of activated carbon which is USD 1000.00/tons. These findings indicated that the durian adsorbent provides alternative methods for treating hair dye wastewater. These findings indicated that durian shells have a high potential for the adsorption of C.I BB16 in aqueous solution.

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MODELING AND FORECASTING GDP AT CURRENT MARKET PRICE IN BANGLADESH: AN APPLICATION OF ARIMA MODEL.

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/3275 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1223-1232

Author(s):

Biplab Biswas ◽

◽

Md. Wahiduzzaman. ◽

Keyword(s):

Arima Model ◽

Market Price ◽

Modeling And Forecasting ◽

Current Market Price

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Minimizing competition between glyphosate-resistant volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and glyphosate-resistant soybean: impact of soybean planting date and rate

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2019.97 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 220-228

Author(s):

Allyson Mierau ◽

Eric N. Johnson ◽

Robert H. Gulden ◽

Jessica D. Weber ◽

William E. May ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Market Price ◽

Planting Date ◽

Optimal Rate ◽

Western Canada ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn recent years, soybean acreage has increased significantly in western Canada. One of the challenges associated with growing soybean in western Canada is the control of volunteer glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola, because most soybean cultivars are also glyphosate resistant. The objective of this research was to determine the impact of soybean seeding rate and planting date on competition with volunteer canola. We also attempted to determine how high seeding rate could be raised while still being economically feasible for producers. Soybean was seeded at five different seeding rates (targeted 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 plants m−2) and three planting dates (targeted mid-May, late May, and early June) at four sites across western Canada in 2014 and 2015. Soybean yield consistently increased with higher seeding rates, whereas volunteer canola biomass decreased. Planting date generally produced variable results across site-years. An economic analysis determined that the optimal rate was 40 to 60 plants m−2, depending on market price, and the optimal planting date range was from May 20 to June 1.

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ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF QUARRY SURVEYING

GEOLINKS Conference proceedings, Book 2 Volume 2 ◽

10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/18 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vivita Pukite ◽

Vita Celmina ◽

Dainora Jankauskiene

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Economic Analysis ◽

Land Surface ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Market Price ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Volume Calculation ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Remote Sensing Methods ◽

Geodetic Surveying

There are several surveying methods whose practical function is to determine the areas of land, distances, heights, the amount of earthwork, and to produce reduced images of the earth's surface. The research looks at how geodetic and remote sensing methods can be used, and the results they provide in quarry surveying. The most important in quarry surveying is to get an accurate land surface for calculation of the volume of mineral resources. After quarries surveying, it is possible to calculate the amount of remaining mineral resources. Within the framework of the research, were performed surveying in quarries with geodetic surveying and remote sensing methods. For geodetic surveying was used GNSS receiver and a robotic total station, but from remote sensing methods were used aerial photography and aerial laser scanning. The most important reason why it is important to get an accurate surface and make an accurate volume calculation in quarry surveying is the economic factor. The economic analysis was carried out using a comparison method based on volume, market price and natural resources tax. The research presents the advantages and disadvantages of each surveying method and explains the results obtained, based on economic calculations. The main conclusion is that the accuracy of the preparation of land surface relief models is based mainly on economic calculations because mineral resources are a commodity that is bought and sold for which tax is payable.

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AHP in the Evaluation of Power Enterprise Assets

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.457-458.1052 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 457-458 ◽

pp. 1052-1055

Author(s):

Cui Fang Yu

Keyword(s):

Market Price ◽

Response Relationship ◽

Trading Behavior ◽

Asset Valuation ◽

Constructed Response ◽

Ahp Model ◽

Power Enterprise ◽

The Individual ◽

Timber Market ◽

Current Market Price

The Power Enterprise asset valuation is usually the market price at market in the current market price down algorithm or method, as im of China's timber market, trading behavior is not very standardized, resulting in the use of market price of Evaluating the value out of Power Enterprise asset valuation, can not be objective and realistic response to the full value of Power Enterprise assets. This article will introduce AHP Power Enterprise asset valuation, the price of power species, Power Enterprise by constructing the AHP model, constructed response relationship between the various levels of indicators to determine the weight matrix to determine the lowest level of index membership, the calculation method to determine the individual materials species, the average price of a Power Enterprise assets, significantly improving the effectiveness and reliability of assessment.

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PRODUK GADAI EMAS DI PERBANKAN SYARIAH: ANALISIS MASLAHAH EKONOMI

ALQALAM ◽

10.32678/alqalam.v34i1.733 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Darwis Harahap

Keyword(s):

Economic Analysis ◽

Stress Testing ◽

Market Price ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Islamic Banking ◽

Static Simulation

Gold Pawn practices in Islamic Banking can give rise to speculation action due to volatility in the market price of gold. The purpose of this study was to perform stress testing whether there is a bank and the customer losses when the price of gold down by using a static simulation. The data used is secondary data that the value of (qardh) cumulative gold on Islamic banking in Indonesia started March 2004 to May 2015 year. The results of stress testing on the static simulation result of a 50% decline in gold prices shows that there are positions CAR below 8% for 3 months. Practice gold pawn is not in accordance with maslahah mursalah for having violated the rules of economic harm to banks and customers and can be considered to maslahah mulgha or maslahah sukuti where maslahah is not in accordance with personality in the economic analysis of Islam. Keywords: Static Simulation, Stress Testing, Maslahah

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The Welfare Impacts of Bird Damage and Its Control in California Wine Grape Production

Journal of Wine Economics ◽

10.1017/jwe.2014.16 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 153-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Anderson ◽

C. A. Lindell ◽

W. F. Siemer ◽

S. A. Shwiff

Keyword(s):

Market Price ◽

Consumer Surplus ◽

Wine Grape ◽

Welfare Impacts ◽

Pest Damage ◽

Partial Equilibrium Model ◽

Bird Damage ◽

The Cost ◽

Current Market Price ◽

And Control

AbstractWe developed a partial equilibrium model to examine the welfare impacts of bird damage and its control in California wine grape production. The model incorporates the impacts of pest damage and its control and allows the impacts to vary regionally. Importantly, the model requires minimal information to apply; only elasticities, current market price and production data, and information on the cost and effectiveness of the pest control methods are needed. We rely on data from a recent survey of California growers and use the model to estimate changes in wine grape prices, production levels, and consumer and producer surplus that result from both bird damage and its control in three grape-growing regions of California. Results suggest that eliminating the threat of bird damage and control costs results in an increase in producer and consumer surplus of 1.3% and 3%, respectively. Furthermore, eliminating current bird control and allowing any resulting damage would decrease producer and consumer surplus by 6.6% and 11.5%, respectively. (JEL Classifications: Q11, Q18, Q57)

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UNDERSTANDING LAND IDLING AS A STRATEGIC BEHAVIOUR: A BRIEF NOTE USING THE REAL OPTIONS APPROACH

PLANNING MALAYSIA JOURNAL ◽

10.21837/pmjournal.v14.i5.180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Haniza Khalid

Keyword(s):

Real Options ◽

Real Option ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Market Price ◽

Land Market ◽

Market Prices ◽

Strategic Behaviour ◽

The Government ◽

Agricultural Areas ◽

Current Market Price

One possible explanation for land idling in a rapidly transforming economy can be found by looking at the value of the option to wait and hysteresis behaviour in the land market. If investors assume that the drop is temporary and that its long term prospects outweigh current holding losses, the market will observe some form of a zone of inactivity i.e., no selling and no additional buying. The fact that landowners elect to keep their valuable land underdeveloped for prolonged periods of time suggests that idled land is more flexible and valuable than what the current market price suggests. If the revenue from farming is insufficient to sustain the activity, land is left idle; although this operational decision is open to continuous revision. The numerical example shown in the paper shows that price of land can be substantially bolstered by the option to wait embedded in land. We argue that land market prices are based on more than the land’s total present value of its future income stream. In a transforming economy, the option to wait and change land-use are especially important to consider. Policy-wise, the government can discourage land idling by ensuring appropriate and suitable zoning of agricultural areas, strong adherence to the zoning conditions/plans as well as more far-sighted land conversion decisions. These efforts can go a long way to reduce the source and degree of uncertainty which is the most important cause of real option premium in land prices. Based on the nature and type of data available, future directions of research should emphasize on empirical testing of real options premium in sale prices of agricultural land.

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Why do Korean Holding Companies Trade at a Steeper Discount to Net Asset Value?

Case Studies in Business and Management ◽

10.5296/csbm.v4i1.10797 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Won Seuk Jang

Keyword(s):

Capital Markets ◽

Market Price ◽

Investment Opportunity ◽

Holding Companies ◽

Developed Markets ◽

Holding Company ◽

Asset Value ◽

Net Asset Value ◽

Investment Opportunities ◽

Current Market Price

This case deals primarily with the valuation of holding companies in Korea and the significant gap between its market price and net asset value (NAV), which is the sum of the estimated values of the assets in the portfolio of the holding company minus debt. Typically in the developed markets, holding company discount (as measured by price to NAV minus one) ranges between 15 to 30 percent according the various empirical studies.In Korea, however, holding company discount could stretch up to 30 to 60 percent, and often times, 30 to 40 percent has been used as a rule of thumb among the investment community. A steep discount of current market price to NAV might be interpreted as a convincing rationale for investment opportunity, but this could be a dangerous simplification of idea unless underlying reasons are properly understood.Therefore, the purpose of this case is to understand the valuation of holding companies, especially in the context of capital markets in Korea as compared to other developed markets, and develop a proper sense of investment opportunities therein.

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Estimating the size of the black economy: new evidence from India

International Journal of Emerging Markets ◽

10.1108/ijoem-01-2018-0034 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 300-321

Author(s):

Chandan Sharma

Keyword(s):

Structural Breaks ◽

Structural Break ◽

Market Price ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Policy Action ◽

Content Type ◽

Tax Rate ◽

Black Economy ◽

Currency Demand ◽

Current Market Price

Purpose The issue of black economy has long been debated in India and it has been one of the key targets of policy action from last four decades. The debate is further fueled by demonetization of higher currency notes in the country. In this context, the purpose of this paper is to estimate the size of black economy in India for the period 1970–2017. Design/methodology/approach A currency demand approach is adopted for this purpose. The test of structure break indicates for a break in the system; therefore, the authors employ Johansen et al. (2000) cointegration test. For estimating the empirical model, the authors utilize fully modified ordinary least squares in a cointegration framework for taking care the endogeneity problem. Findings The estimates indicate that the Indian economy has a sizable black economy. In early 1970s, when the tax rate in India was significantly higher, the estimated black economy was above 30 percent of the official GDP. A variety of economic reforms including taxation, regulation and industrial licensing have drastically reduced the size to below 15 percent of official GDP in the last two decades. In the last estimated year (2017), the black economy was 23,849bn Indian rupees at current market price (around $400bn), which was 14 percent of the official GDP. Practical implications On the basis of the findings, the authors suggest some important fiscal, administrative and regulatory reforms to curb the generation of black economy in India. Originality/value The structural breaks can induce stochastic behavior similar to an integrated process, which makes it difficult to differentiate between the lack of cointegration and a structural shift. Thus, in the present study, the authors attempt to address this issue by incorporating the issue of structural break in the analysis. Furthermore, India is a cash-based economy; therefore, it is likely that currency-based models are more suitable. The application of advanced time-series techniques is likely to yield better and robust results.

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