scholarly journals Earth as Building Material – an overview of RILEM activities and recent Innovations in Geotechnics

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 02001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Vyncke ◽  
Laura Kupers ◽  
Nicolas Denies
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Set Up

This paper presents an overview of the different earth building techniques, the latest innovations and the normative aspects. The oldest man made earth constructions known to exist date back to 10 000 BC. Since then, earth has remained a popular building material throughout history. With time, different techniques evolved, starting from sundried adobe blocks to cob constructions, rammed earth walls and compressed earth bricks. Today these techniques are still being optimized and alternative binders, specifically adapted admixtures and surface treatments are being developed. Even though nearly one third of the world’s population lives in an earth construction, few specific building standards and testing methods exist. Many of the tests used today are based on tests for concrete and thus do not take into account the complex nature of earth constructions, such as their sensitivity to water. RILEM, the union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures, set up a new Technical Committee in 2016: TC TCE (Testing and Characterisation of Earth-based building materials and elements). This committee, consisting of an international group of experts on the topic, aim to define testing procedures for earth as a building construction material. To end with, this paper also gives a short introduction to “Deep soil mixing”, an “earth” building technique dedicated to geotechnical engineering.

The Interpretation and Inheritance of Green Local Building Material System in Modern Architecture - Case Study of Century Fishing Village Eelgrass Cottage Resort in Dayu Island, Shidao Bay, Jiaodong Peninsula

2018 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Ying Ding ◽  
Hong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Material System ◽  
Fishing Village ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
New Buildings

Dayu island sea cottage is the most typical carrier of the fish culture in the coastal area of Jiaodong. In recent years, economic development, changes in fishermen's living habits led to a the dismantling of a large number of traditional sea cottages and gradual disappearing of unique Dayu island building materials system comprising of eelgrass roof, local granite stone wall and soil kang chimney. In order to protect the local cultural characteristics so they can be passed down, the paper sorted out the original traditional eelgrass cottage building material system. The project of Century Fishing Village Eelgrass Cottage Resort represents experimentation and innovation on the original material system, forming a novel construction material system. Such a system not only satisfies the requirement of new buildings on thermal insulation, energy and space conservation, but also enhances safety and resistance to wind, erosion. The wide adoption of the new material system in new buildings enhances the technique of integrating traditional construction materials and modern architecture in both form and function, making it an ideal design strategy.

scholarly journals Cost Estimate Reduction Using Analogue Building Materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Laura Platace ◽  
Sandra Gusta
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Estimate ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Public And Private

Abstract One of the most important parameters that is currently used in public and private procurement in building process is the lowest price. The legislation of Latvia permits that an estimate forming process does not include criterions of quality, durability, and the potential high cost of maintaining the building during the exploitation time. That allows the constructor to reduce the cost estimate by using cheaper construction product or technology and does not let to provide the highest possible quality and the basic principle of sustainable construction. One of possible construction cost reduction solutions is the replacement of building material with equal building material, at the same time assessing the quality and replacement impact on the direct costs of estimate. The tasks of the research are: (1) to do literature review on what is an estimate, what an estimate includes and the basis of estimate; (2) to analyse the existing construction estimate, to evaluate the used construction materials and to study technical characteristics of materials, to explore a specific construction junction; (3) to replace the selected construction materials with analogous, thus reducing the direct costs of estimate; (4) to evaluate the affect of the price of the construction material on quality; (5) to compare the obtained cost estimate with the current cost estimate; (6) to implement laboratory research and to compare technical characteristics of the construction materials and analogue materials in order to check if they are the performing parameters that are defined in the declaration of performance. After comparing of the obtained direct costs of construction and analysing the quality of construction materials it is possible to provide the most appropriate offer of the direct costs of estimate to satisfy the customer’s interests.

Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Hosta Ardhyananta ◽  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Feisha Fadila Rifki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

scholarly journals PENYULUHAN DAN PERCONTOHAN PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH PLASTIK UNTUK MATERIAL BAHAN BANGUNAN DI LINGKUNGAN RPTRA, JAKARTA BARAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Kurniawati ◽  
Lisa Oksri Nelfia ◽  
Ade Okvianti Irlan ◽  
Indrawati Sumeru
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Public Road ◽  
House Construction ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Aggregates

Construction is growing rapidly nowadays. Buildings, housing, industry/business centers and highways will require natural aggregates which are natural resources that cannot be renewed. Therefore, we need replacement materials able to replace these natural aggregate. The large amount of plastic waste in fields, based on existing data, causes environmental pollution through it can be reused and useful for building and road construction. Most of communities don’t even know the plastic waste processing technology that allow their use in the construction of house construction such as floors, walls, roofs, and hinges and also road construction with not heavy road loads. The purpose of this activity is to provide the knowledge to the people of RPTRA related to technology for the use of plastic waste for building materials and also road construction in the area in the RPTRA environment considering it is not a public road and hence, with not heavy vehicle. The method used is firstly observation and interview of several houses visited. Then activities about using different types of plastic waste as construction materials. Finally, evaluation of the progress of the project by conducting a survey to people who had met the criteria of being a member of the plastic waste program. The success of this program will be the people’s understanding and a significate growing of any highvalue plastic use as construction material. The benefit of this community service is to increase the knowledge and insight of the people of RPTRA, South Meruya, and West Jakarta City, related to environmentally friendly technologies such as plastic waste processing.

scholarly journals Assessing the long term effects on climate change of metallurgical slags valorization as construction material: a comparison between static and dynamic global warming impacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-111
Author(s):  
Andrea Di Maria ◽  
◽  
Annie Levasseur ◽  
Karel Van Acker ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stainless Steel Slag ◽  
Environmental Evaluation

<abstract> <p>The interest in circular economy for the construction sector is constantly increasing, and Global Warming Potential (GWP) is often used to assess the carbon footprint of buildings and building materials. However, GWP presents some methodological challenges when assessing the environmental impacts of construction materials. Due to the long life of construction materials, GWP calculation should take into consideration also time-related aspects. However, in the current GWP, any temporal information is lost, making traditional static GWP better suited for retrospective assessment rather than forecasting purposes. Building on this need, this study uses a time-dependent GWP to assess the carbon footprint of two newly developed construction materials, produced through the recycling of industrial residues (stainless steel slag and industrial goethite). The results for both materials are further compared with the results of traditional ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based concrete, presenting similar characteristics. The results of the dynamic GWP (D_GWP) are also compared to the results of traditional static GWP (S_GWP), to see how the methodological development of D_GWP may influence the final environmental evaluation for construction materials. The results show the criticality of the recycling processes, especially in the case of goethite valorization. The analysis shows also that, although the D_GWP did not result in a shift in the ranking between the three materials compared with S_GWP, it provides a clearer picture of emission flows and their effect on climate change over time.</p> </abstract>

A Study on the Establishment of Demolition Waste DB System by BIM-Based Building Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Woo Park ◽  
Gi Wook Cha ◽  
Won Hwa Hong ◽  
Hyun Cheol Seo
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Item List ◽  
Design Construction

Recently, BIM (Building Information Modeling) became mandatory in Korea, and BIM started to be implemented in construction area. It is a design tool for maximizing the efficiency of design, construction, and maintenance throughout the entire lifecycle, but there are not many studies about the demolition wastes (DW) in the demolition stage. This study gathered basic data concerning the development of a database of DW disposed in the demolition stage using BIM-based building material database. For this, a BIM software, ARCHICAD, and construction material categories of the item list system of the PPS (Public Procurement Service) were analyzed to select major building materials. Based on the analysis, the disposal routes were analyzed considering the characteristics of DW. The database of DW was developed by examining the disposal routes of 52 major construction materials selected according to the characteristics of each material during demolition and selecting 7 major DW.

Experimental study of signal behavior for wireless communication in construction

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia Ud Din ◽  
Leonhard E. Bernold
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Electromagnetic Signals ◽  
Set Up

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the effects of building components of a growing concrete structure and different building materials such as glass and steel on Wi-Fi signals propagation in a construction site. Wireless local area networks are considered effective tools to link the islands-of-communication in construction. Still, designing a Wi-Fi network that can grow with a new construction requires that one understands the performance of propagation of electromagnetic signals transmitted at 2.4 GHz. Design/methodology/approach This paper reviews the theoretical behavior of electromagnetic signals when signal attenuation is caused by various construction materials changing their strengths, directions and possibly leading to total absorption. The authors used a typical building layout to conduct experimental work to measure the effect of common building features and communication technologies on signal strengths. Findings The measured data not only confirmed the theory-based predictions but also demonstrated the complexity of predicting signal propagation when obstructions inhibit the line-of-sight “travel” of electromagnetic signals. Originality/value Different to other papers, the experiments were conducted outside a concrete building mimicking the situation where the transmitter is set up at the site office.

scholarly journals An Easily Integrable Industrial System for Gamma Spectroscopic Analysis and Traceability of Stones and Building Materials

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Marco Marini ◽  
Silvia Panicacci ◽  
Massimiliano Donati ◽  
Luca Fanucci ◽  
Erica Fanchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
World Market ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Radiological Measurements ◽  
Set Up

In the building material and stones market, lots of restrictions are coming in different world zones. In Europe, a recent regulatory set up the maximum level of radiological emissions for materials intended for use in public and private building structures. For this reason, companies need to have a very efficient radiological measurements system in their production chain, in order to respect all the rules and to be competitive in the world market. This article describes CORSAIR, a Cloud-Oriented Measurement System for Radiological Investigation and Traceability of Stones. Our cyber-physical system consists of sensing nodes network connected to a data collection gateway through LoRaWAN protocol, and interfaces with a centralized cloud application. CORSAIR introduces a fast, repeatable, real-time and non-destructive method to measure radiological emissions and other parameters of each single building material item, uniquely identified by an applied RFID tag. The validity of this system is confirmed by in-situ measurement campaign compared with high-precision laboratory analysis. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the CORSAIR sensor and the possibility to easily integrate it in the company production chain without any change.

Permeability Measurement of High Performance Concrete at Elevated Temperature Employing a New Test Set-Up

2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
Michaela Fiedlerová ◽  
Johannes Kirnbauer ◽  
Heinrich Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Permeability Measurement ◽  
Test Set ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Set Up

This paper is focused on clarifying behaviour of concrete at elevated temperature with employing new test set-up constructed at Institute of Building Construction and Technology, Vienna University of Technology. This unique test set-up allows measuring gas permeability of different building materials such as concrete or ceramic at both high temperature (up to 400°C) and pressure (up to 6 bars). Present paper illustrates a new set up for permeability measurement during the heating and cooling and different testing procedures and evaluation of their influence on results.

scholarly journals Properties of Mexican Tropical Palm Oil Flower and Fruit Fibers for Their Prospective Use in Eco-Friendly Construction Material

Fibers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Daniel Levacher ◽  
Nathalie Leblanc ◽  
Hafida Zmamou ◽  
Irini Djeran-Maigre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Tensile Load ◽  
Fiber Axis

The palm oil industry is the leading source of palm oil waste fibers. The disposal of palm oil waste fibers by burning or dumping causes environmental issues such as the emission of CO2 and a diminution in soil fertility. Natural fiber reuse in construction materials such as concrete, mortar and adobe bricks as reinforcement provides a possible eco-friendly solution for fiber waste management. Palm oil flower fibers (POFL) obtained from palm oil empty fruit bunches and palm oil fruit fibers (POFR) obtained from palm oil fruit are two important types of palm oil fibers. Valorization of palm oil fibers requires a detailed analysis of their physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics. In this research, tropical palm oil flower and palm oil fruit fibers from Mexico were studied. Fiber extraction, preparation and testing were performed to observe their characteristics, which include water absorption, density, length, section estimation, chemical composition, thermal conductivity, thermal analysis (ATG) and tensile strength. The length, diameter and density of natural fibers have a significant influence on the strength and quality of composite materials. The characteristics of fibers vary with their chemical composition. Mechanical testing of palm oil fibers indicates a large variation in the tensile strength of palm oil flower and fruit fibers. Both palm oil flower and palm oil fruit fibers exhibit bilinear tensile load–deflection behavior associated with the alignment of cellulose along their fiber axis. The thermal characteristics of fibers indicate low thermal stability and thermal conductivity, which are essential for their use in building materials.

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