Initial research for passive and energy efficient building awareness in Bulgaria

Initial Research

The paper observes the newest innovative technologies regarding buildings energy efficiency like passive building and smart home technologies. The market situation in Europe and in Bulgaria for these types of technologies is analyzed. The outcome of the research will serve as a milestone in developing of a methodology for determining Bulgarian society’s awareness and attitude towards their using in home, business and production buildings.

BUILDING ENERGY AND ARCHITECTURAL FORM RELATIONSHIPS / PASTATO ENERGIJOS IR ARCHITEKTŪRINĖS FORMOS RYŠIAI

Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis ◽

10.3846/mla.2011.053 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 67-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberts Riekstiņš

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Large Scale ◽

Building Energy ◽

Substantial Part ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Total Energy Consumption ◽

Architectural Form ◽

Energy efficiency of buildings, of course, is now a major issue in the construction industry. It is being widely examined both among construction professionals and amateurs. There is no doubt that energy efficiency as a key factor in ensuring environmental sustainability will become the main driving force of the construction in the future. Buildings have to become more energy-efficient. This opinion is supported by the existing energy-use balance in Europe, indicating that the housing sector spends almost half of total energy consumption and building sector forms more than a third of total CO2 emissions (Bradley 2010). While discussing the subject of building energy efficiency, mostly different technical characteristics of buildings and engineering solutions are talked over. However, it has been relatively little examined how energy-efficient design affects the building’s architecturally-aesthetic side, styles of expression and trends in the architect’s profession. We learn that the essence for an energy-efficient building lies in smart modesty (Bokalders, Block 2010) and the rational utilization of materials (aim high – go low). And still – can energy efficient building be expressive, extravagant, and perhaps – even ambitious? There are many ideas implemented in projects which show that energy efficiency is not an obstacle to large scale architectural ideas. However, in order to combine architectural and artistic ambitions with the principles of sustainability, architects should search for an entirely new approach to architectural expression based on a detailed assessment of solutions applied from environmental point of view. It requires a complex understanding of building shape, applied technologies, energetic benefits and cost parameters. This article identifies the realised and experimental projects of the world and presents an analysis of classification of buildings according to typology. This publication gives general impression of the amplitude and topicality of the study issue, as well as the diversity applied to the architectural techniques. The article concludes that even creating a building’s shape in a smart way makes it possible to use substantial part of the renewable energy offered by nature.

Muddling Parity of an Energy Efficient Incentive—Through the Lens of “Change in Accounting Method”

The ATA Journal of Legal Tax Research ◽

10.2308/jltr-51192 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 82-94

Author(s):

Linda J. Campbell ◽

Pamela C. Smith ◽

Veronda F. Willis

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Internal Revenue Service ◽

Tax Law ◽

Commercial Building ◽

Internal Revenue ◽

Treasury Department ◽

ABSTRACT The Internal Revenue Service issued guidance related to automatic changes in accounting methods for taxpayers taking a §179D deduction for Energy Efficient Commercial Building Property. However, while the accounting treatment of §179D may trigger a change in accounting method for some taxpayers, this is not uniform for all taxpayers. In this paper, we argue that with this guidance, the Treasury Department (and Congress, by initial approval of the tax law) has inadvertently broadened unequal tax treatment between different segments of qualified taxpayers attracted to this important energy efficient building incentive. Further, we suggest that the §179D deduction be modified to achieve taxpayer parity to further incentivize energy efficiency.

Research on New Technology of Energy Efficient Buildings and Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.224.104 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 104-108

Author(s):

Ya Guang Sun

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

New Technology ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Building Design ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Building Technology ◽

Energy Efficient Buildings ◽

Current social development is pressing for energy efficient buildings. The trend of consistent updating of energy-efficient building technology reflects the importance and urgency of energy efficiency in buildings. Through analysis on the current situation of building development, it can be obtained that the energy efficient buildings as well as utilization of renewable energy sources in buildings will be bound to be one of main topics for discussion in future building design.

Investigating Skill Gaps in Green Building Skills for Energy Efficiency

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1282 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 1282-1287 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Godwin U. Aliagha ◽

Alfred P.T. Goh ◽

Mat Naim Abdullah ◽

Nadzri M. Jaafar ◽

Stephen E. Eluwa

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Online Survey ◽

Green Building ◽

Building Energy ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Available Energy ◽

Skill Gaps ◽

Shortage of green skills has become a major constraint to energy efficient building programs and policies of Malaysia and many Asian countries. Yet, studies aimed at green skills are rare. Relying on an online survey of 99 professionals accredited by the Malaysian Green Building Index (GBI) this study seeks to: [1] identify the necessary green skills required for design and delivery of energy efficient building; and [2] identify and capture areas of skill gaps based on available and future green skills needs. Our preliminary result reveals that generally, available energy efficient green skills in Malaysia are below average. The highest skill gaps were found to be in the areas of energy efficiency maintenance for HVAC system, competence in use of diagnostic tools to measure building energy efficiency, carbon storage and capture in buildings and competency of architects/ builders in passive designs and installation.

The Diffusion of Energy Efficiency in Building

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.101.3.77 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 101 (3) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Nils Kok ◽

Marquise McGraw ◽

John M Quigley

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Economic Conditions ◽

Property Market ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Commercial Property ◽

Geographic Patterns ◽

Property Markets ◽

Composition Changes

We analyze the diffusion of buildings certified for energy efficiency across US property markets. Using a panel of 48 metropolitan areas (MSAs) observed over the last 15 years, we model the geographic patterns and dynamics of building certification, relating industry composition, changes in economic conditions, characteristics of the local commercial property market, and the presence of human capital, to the cross-sectional variation in energy-efficient building technologies and the diffusion of those technologies over time. Understanding the determinants and the rate at which energy-efficient building practices diffuse is important for designing policies to affect resource consumption in the built environment.

Town planning parameters in the function of building energy efficiency

Facta universitatis - series Architecture and Civil Engineering ◽

10.2298/fuace1501001b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ivana Bogdanovic-Protic ◽

Mihailo Mitkovic

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Consumption ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Building Energy ◽

Town Planning ◽

Building Energy Efficiency ◽

Heating Energy Consumption ◽

Least Energy

Energy efficient building is that consuming the least energy while providing comfort. The energy consumption of buildings, in general, as well as in Serbia, is among other things conditioned by the heating, cooling and lighting requirements with a goal of achieving of thermal and light comfort. Heating energy consumption is the result of heat loss and gain, and their values, in addition to other parameters, depend on town planning parameters. The paper focuses on the comparative analysis of impact of building different exposures to wind as well as on impact of the different prevailing orientations on energy efficiency of buildings.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY OF REACTIVE ENERGY COMPENSATION FOR IMPROVING SHIP'S EEDI

Vodnij transport ◽

10.33298/2226-8553.2020.3.31.01 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 4-15

Author(s):

Denis Lisovenko ◽

Sergiy Dudko

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Innovative Technology ◽

Gas Emissions ◽

Innovative Technologies ◽

Energy Compensation ◽

Energy Efficiency Design Index

Global warming, caused mainly by greenhouse gas emissions, prompted the world community to sign the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. The regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and related economic activities have ceased to be the prerogative of national authorities and become the subject of international agreements. Due to the largest air pollutants from the world's oceans are ships, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted in 2003 Resolution А.962 (23): "IMO Policy and Practice on Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships", and determined that it is possible to achieve significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from ships through the adoption of technical and operational measures. This suggests that ships need to be more energy efficient, operating conditions are well thought out, and a clear methodology for assessing ships in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. The estimated energy efficiency factor of the vessel is the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), which is calculated according to a formula developed by IMO with the possibility of improving it through innovative energy efficient technologies. Since the entry into force of the IMO resolution, mainly work is underway to improve the EEDI based on existing innovative technologies in various categories. Progress does not stand still, but the list of new innovative technologies for energy efficiency categories has not expanded. The presented article is devoted to the development of innovative technology of category C, to improve the energy efficiency index of the ship structure. This technology can used on its own, as well as an additional tool to extend the capabilities of existing energy efficiency technologies. In addition, the innovative technology for reactive energy compensation allows improving the EEDI and environmental performance of already operating vessels, through their simple modernization during planned repairs. Keywords. Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), innovative energy saving technologies, power factor correction

Comparison of Energy Efficiency of traditional Brick Wall and Inco- Panel Wall: A Case Study of Hotel Sarowar in Pokhara

Journal of the Institute of Engineering ◽

10.3126/jie.v15i3.32007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 57-61

Author(s):

Bishnu Hari Bhattarai ◽

Bharat Raj Pahari ◽

Sanjeev Maharjan

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Building Materials ◽

Energy Performance ◽

Wall Material ◽

Brick Wall ◽

Plastic Composite ◽

Effective Manner ◽

Reducing Energy

Energy efficiency is understood to mean the utilization of energy in the most cost-effective manner to carry out process or provide a service, whereby energy waste is minimized, and the overall consumption of primary energy resources is reduced. Various measures can be employed to attain energy efficiency in building such as reducing demands for heating, cooling, lighting, consumption for office equipment and appliances demand, reducing energy requirement for ventilation, using energy efficient building materials. An energy efficient home is designed to keep out the wind and rain while reducing energy waste. Modern homes are built with variety of different materials. They are no longer built using only bricks and mortar. A wide variety of energy efficient building materials are now available. Recycled Steel, Insulating Concrete Forms, Plant-based Polyurethane Foam, Straw Bales, Structural Insulated Panels, Plastic Composite Lumber, Vacuum Insulation Panels, Inco-panel are among alternatives available. Among those various wall materials, energy performance analysis in terms of heating and cooling load is done in this thesis. For this study, under construction Hotel Sarowar is chosen for analysis. This study compares heat transfer on the building when Inco-panel is used as wall material and conventional brick masonry is used as wall material. The heat transfers through those walls are calculated using MS Excel and ANSYS Software.

Analysis Criteria for Choosing Energy Efficient High-Quality Light Sources and Luminaires

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2017-007 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Gennady Ya. Vagin ◽

Eugene B. Solntsev ◽

Oleg Yu. Malafeev

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

National Standards ◽

Light Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

High Quality ◽

Eu Directive ◽

The World ◽

A New Technique ◽

Energy Labelling

The article analyses critera applying to the choice of energy efficient high quality light sources and luminaires, which are used in Russian domestic and international practice. It is found that national standards GOST P 54993–2012 and GOST P 54992– 2012 contain outdated criteria for determining indices and classes of energy efficiency of light sources and luminaires. They are taken from the 1998 EU Directive #98/11/EU “Electric lamps”, in which LED light sources and discharge lamps of high intensity were not included. A new Regulation of the European Union #874/2012/EU on energy labelling of electric lamps and luminaires, in which these light sources are taken into consideration, contains a new technique of determining classes of energy efficiency and new, higher classes are added. The article has carried out a comparison of calculations of the energy efficiency classes in accordance with GOST P 54993 and with Regulation #874/2012/EU, and it is found out that a calculation using GOST P 54993 gives underrated energy efficiency classes. This can lead to interdiction of export for certain light sources and luminaires, can discredit Russian domestic manufacturer light sources and does not correspond to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering ◽

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i8.46 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

A. Radhika ◽

D. Haritha

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Swarm Intelligence ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Sensor Nodes ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN. Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.