scholarly journals Dynamic and static tests of the safety foil for windows for composite glass interaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Daniel Papán ◽  
Zuzana Papánová ◽  
Lucia Figuli
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Resistance ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Composite Glass ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
The Impact

The standard windows can be enhanced with safety foil. This types of foils are usually used for car windows. The paper shows how can the composite system created from glass plate and safety foil improve the mechanical resistance. The main task is to determinate affecting parameters for the impact or dynamic resistance. The various methods are showed in the paper. All results are based on the experimental investigation and load tests.

scholarly journals Construction Process Technical Impact Factors on Degradation of the External Thermal Insulation Composite System

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virgo Sulakatko ◽  
Frank Vogdt
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Composite System ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Mode Effects ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Friedman's Test ◽  
The Impact

The European climate strategy has encouraged the usage of the External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) to increase the energy efficiency of external building envelopes. This externally and relatively easily applicable façade solution must meet various technical requirements. This paper develops a technical severity evaluation model of on-site construction activities of ETICS to prioritize the risks of the construction process. The model can be used independently by any stakeholder of the construction process. The relevance of the activities is assessed with the Failure Mode Effects Analysis method. The model weights the impact of the essential technical requirements and simulates an integrated weighted technical severity value, which is derived from the analysis of experts’ judgments validated with the non-parametric Friedman’s test. The data collection for probability of occurrence and difficulty of detectability follows the Delphi technique to quantify the opinions of a group. The simulation, conducted on 103 degradation factors, shows that the on-site construction activities of ETICS strongly influence the decrease in the technical resilience of long-term durability, mechanical resistance, and stability, as well as the ability to bypass tensions. The highest risk is detected by the shortcomings in the layers of substrate, reinforcement, adhesive, and additional details.

Effects of Coupler Height Mismatch on Tank Car Stub Sills

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Prabhakaran ◽  
Vinaya Sharma ◽  
Jose S. Peña
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Revenue service tests of tank cars conducted by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) as part of the ‘Freight Equipment Environmental Sampling Tests’ (FEEST) program have measured high coupler vertical loads. It is believed that such high vertical loads can cause significant damage to the structural integrity of tank car stubsills, thereby seriously affecting operational safety. Also, it is suspected that coupler height mismatches are a major source of these vertical forces, and thereby contribute to stubsill failures. The focus of this paper is the study of the effect of coupler height mismatches on stub sill integrity. As part of this study a tank car loaded to 266,200 lb. was instrumented and tested, in static conditions and during impact. The static tests consisted of a series of longitudinal load (squeeze) tests conducted at three different coupler heights, and vertical load tests with forces being applied at the coupler shank. The impact tests consisted of a series of impacts at speeds ranging from 2 mph to 8.5 mph for the following coupler mismatch levels: a) Struck and striking car at the same level, b) Struck car 2″ higher, and c) Struck car 2″ lower. In addition to the testing, finite element models were developed to help in studying additional operating conditions. These models were validated using the test results. The results from the testing indicate that coupler height mismatches have a significant effect on the vertical force levels and the stress levels seen at critical car locations. The stresses in critical areas are generally higher when the struck car is lower. Differences over 50% (compared to when the cars are level) were noted at the head brace, when the struck car was 2″ lower than the hammer car. The tests also established the criticality of vertical forces on the structural integrity of the stubsill. On average, a 50,000 lb. vertical force can generate as much stress as a 680,000 lb. longitudinal force. This work is being funded by the Office of Research & Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).

Field Study on the Effects of Impact Frequency on the Axial and Lateral Capacity of Driven Pipe Piles in Sand

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Anusic ◽  
Barry M. Lehane ◽  
Gudmund R. Eiksund ◽  
Morten A. Liingaard
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Driven Piles ◽  
Impact Frequency ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Lateral Capacity ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Loading Tests ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lateral Behavior ◽  
The Impact

With pile installation being an important part of the total project cost, improving the efficiency of the offshore operations would require resolving the uncertainties in how different installation methods influence pile capacity. This paper describes a programme of testing involving static loading tests on eight 165 mm diameter open-ended steel tubes driven into medium dense siliceous sand at a well-characterized test site in Perth, Western Australia. Six piles were installed by impact driving under two different driving frequencies, and two piles were installed by vibration with the aim of identifying the effects of impact frequency on the response of driven piles to static axial and lateral loading. It was found that the tension capacity of piles measured 1 week after installation was not significantly dependent on the impact frequency and that these piles had approximately the same capacity as the piles installed by vibration. First time load tests performed 4 months after the initial tests indicated that all pile types had a similar set-up characteristic. Inspection of static tests on lateral behavior of vibrated and impact driven piles suggests that installation method has no impact on the lateral capacity.

Tank Car Load Environment Under Impact Conditions

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Prabhakaran ◽  
Vinaya Sharma ◽  
Jose S. Peńa
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Test Sequence ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Critical Areas ◽  
Load Tests ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract High coupler vertical loads have been measured in revenue service tests conducted by the Association of American Railroads (AAR) as part of the ‘Freight Equipment Environmental Sampling Tests’ (FEEST) program. These high loads can induce cracks and/or accelerate crack propagation rates, causing premature tank car stub sill separation, leading to compromised safety of operation. This project was initiated to study the vertical load environment experienced by tank cars. A full scale test sequence with static and impact testing of a tank car was conducted, followed by test data analysis. A tank car loaded to 266,200 lb gross rail load (GRL) was instrumented and used as the test car. The static tests consisted of vertical load tests with forces being applied at the coupler head and squeeze tests with loads applied at the rear draft lugs. The impact tests consisted of 2 series of impacts at speeds ranging from 2 mph to 8.5 mph for three coupler mismatch levels. The results showed that significant vertical forces are generated during an impact event, even in the absence of any coupler height mismatch between impacting cars. On average, vertical force peaks of about 45,000 lb were observed at an impact speed of 7.5 mph even when the impacting cars were at the same level. It was also noted that under impact conditions, vertical forces induce 50% of the maximum stress seen at the tank head. Therefore, ignoring the effects of vertical force will lead to an under-estimation of stress levels and fatigue levels in tank cars. In addition, the vertical forces and stresses in critical areas of the stub sill-tank car interface are generally higher when the struck car is lower. Differences (in stress level) over 50% (compared to when the cars are level) were noted when the struck car was 2 in lower than the hammer car. In light of this, it seems prudent to minimize coupler height mismatch whenever and wherever feasible. This research effort was funded by the Office of Research and Development of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Dual Time Periods on Crash Hazardous Location Identification

ICCTP 2011 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Leano ◽  
Wen Cheng ◽  
Xudong Jia ◽  
Lingqi Kong ◽  
Robert Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Location Identification ◽  
The Impact

Islamic Law and Society

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-191
Author(s):  
Louay M. Safi
Keyword(s):  
Composite System ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Law And Morality ◽  
The Impact

Shari'ah (Islamic law) has been the dominant moral and legal code ofMuslim societies for the gnxter part of their history. During the early centuriesof Islam, Shari'ah hcilitated the social growth and develojment of the Muslims,growth that culminaa in the establishment of a vast emph and an outstandmgcivilization. By the close of the fifth century of Islam, however, Shari'ahbegan to lose its role as the guiding force that inspired Muslim creativityand ingenuity and that nurtured the growing spirit of the Muslim community(Ummah). Consequently, the Ummah entered a period of stagnation thatgradually gave way to intellectual decline and social decadence. Regrettably,this painful trend continues to be more or less 'part of the individualconsciousness and collective experience of Muslims.This paper attempts to trace the development of the principles of Islamicjurisprudence, and to assess the impact of Shari'ah on society. It argues thatthe law ceased to grow by the sixth century of Islam as a result of thedevelopment of classical legal theory; more specifically, law was put on hold,as it were, after the doctrine of the infallibility of ijma' (juristic consensus)was articulated. The rigid principles of classical theory, it is contended, havebeen primarily induced by the hulty epistemology employed.by sixth-centuryjurists.Shari'ah, or Islamic law, is a comprehensive system encompassing thewhole field of human experience. It is not simply a legal system, but rathera composite system of law and morality. That is, Islamic law aspires to regulateall aspects of human activities, not only those that may entail legalconsequences. Hence, all actions and relationships are evaluated in accordancewith a scale of five moral standards.According to Shari'ah, an act may be classified as obligatory (wajib),recommended (mandub), permissible (mubah), reprehensible (makruh), orprohibited (haram). These five categories reflect the varying levels of moral ...

Static and dynamic response of sandwich beams with lattice and pantographic cores

2021 ◽  
pp. 109963622110338
Author(s):  
Yury Solyaev ◽  
Arseniy Babaytsev ◽  
Anastasia Ustenko ◽  
Andrey Ripetskiy ◽  
Alexander Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Plane Geometry ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical performance of 3d-printed polyamide sandwich beams with different type of the lattice cores is investigated. Four variants of the beams are considered, which differ in the type of connections between the elements in the lattice structure of the core. We consider the pantographic-type lattices formed by the two families of inclined beams placed with small offset and connected by stiff joints (variant 1), by hinges (variant 2) and made without joints (variant 3). The fourth type of the core has the standard plane geometry formed by the intersected beams lying in the same plane (variant 4). Experimental tests were performed for the localized indentation loading according to the three-point bending scheme with small span-to-thickness ratio. From the experiments we found that the plane geometry of variant 4 has the highest rigidity and the highest load bearing capacity in the static tests. However, other three variants of the pantographic-type cores (1–3) demonstrate the better performance under the impact loading. The impact strength of such structures are in 3.5–5 times higher than those one of variant 4 with almost the same mass per unit length. This result is validated by using numerical simulations and explained by the decrease of the stress concentration and the stress state triaxiality and also by the delocalization effects that arise in the pantographic-type cores.

Dynamic Axial Compression of Square CFRP/Aluminium Tubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 202-207
Author(s):  
Rafea Dakhil Hussein ◽  
Dong Ruan ◽  
Guo Xing Lu ◽  
Jeong Whan Yoon ◽  
Zhan Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Carbon Fibre Composite ◽  
Specific Energy Absorption ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Crushing Force ◽  
Cfrp Tubes ◽  
The Impact

Carbon fibre composite tubes have high strength to weight ratios and outstanding performance under axial crushing. In this paper, square CFRP tubes and aluminium sheet-wrapped CFRP tubes were impacted by a drop mass to investigate the effect of loading velocity on the energy absorption of CFRP/aluminium tubes. A comparison of the quasi-static and dynamic crushing behaviours of tubes was made in terms of deformation mode, peak crushing force, mean crushing force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption. The influence of the number of aluminium layers that wrapped square CFRP tubes on the crushing performance of tubes under axial impact was also examined. Experimental results manifested similar deformation modes of tubes in both quasi-static and dynamic tests. The dynamic peak crushing force was higher than the quasi-static counterpart, while mean crushing force, energy absorption and specific energy absorption were lower in dynamic tests than those in quasi-static tests. The mean crushing force and energy absorption decreased with the crushing velocity and increased with the number of aluminium layers. The impact stroke (when the force starts to drop) decreased with the number of aluminium layers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document