scholarly journals Reinventing Aerosol Containment Unit for Use in Medical Operating Theatre

2021 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Harishan Sathian ◽  
Se Yong Eh Noum
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Operating Theatre ◽  
Medical Instruments ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Pressure Concentration ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Boundary Space

The aerosol containment box or intubation box is medical tool invented to help protect healthcare workers from airborne aerosols while performing procedures such as intubation that are close to the mouth of the patient. The current design of the aerosol containment box is used heavily during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the virus being present in airborne aerosol particles from a patient’s breath. However, the current design has been reported to be flawed in its design aspects. Adding ergonomic considerations into the design is expected to provide improved mobility and better usage of medical instruments. The research conducted analyzed how effective the current design in containing the spread of aerosols from the patient. To execute the research, the current design is modelled in a 3D render using SOLIDWORKS 2020 using dimensions to scale. The 3D model is imported into ANSYS 18.2 to conduct an airflow analysis when a patient cough or breathes to analyses the spread of the aerosols from the patient. The patient coughing was simulated using a nozzle with the boundary space of the model based on the size of the intubation box. The key outcome of the project that the present design is not verry effective in containing aerosol spread as there is still airflow of the particles leaving the intubation box into the environment. The improved design of the intubation box prevents flow of the aerosols into the environment by using suction and seals to close of outlets. The data gained from the study of the aerosol spread proves that there is a higher pressure concentration of the aerosols particles on the walls of the outlets in the existing design in the market as compared to the improved design suggested. This data can help better justify the dimensions and criteria needed to further enhance the current design of the aerosol containment box.

Improved Design of Vertical Curves with Sight Distance Profiles

2003 ◽  
Vol 1851 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasser Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Design Procedure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Vertical Alignment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Improved Design

Design of vertical alignment is one of the main tasks in highway geometric design. This task requires, among other things, that the designer ensure drivers always have a clear view of the road so they can stop before hitting an unexpected object in the road. Therefore, the ability to determine the required and available stopping sight distance (SSD) at any point of the vertical alignment is essential for the design process. Current design guides in the United States and Canada provide simple analytical models for determining the minimum length of a vertical curve that would satisfy the sight distance requirement. However, these models ignore the effect of grade on the required SSD. Alternative approaches and models have also been suggested but cover only special cases of vertical curves. Two specific models were expanded to determine the required SSD on crest and sag vertical curves. By comparing profiles of available SSD and required SSD on examples of vertical curves, it was shown that current North American design practices might yield segments of the vertical curve where the driver’s view is constrained to a distance shorter than the required SSD. An alternative design procedure based on the models was developed and used to determine the minimum lengths of crest and sag vertical curves. Depending on the approach grade, these new values of minimum curve length might be greater than or less than values obtained through conventional design procedures. Design aids were therefore provided in tabular form for designers’ easy and quick use.

Sex Differences in Joint Mobility

1984 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1006-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rene'
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Joint Mobility ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
College Female ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Female Data ◽  
Present Design

The primary purpose of this study was to provide a contemporary comparison of college female and male voluntary range of joint mobility. This was achieved by comparing the data collected in this study with that collected in an identical study in which male participants were used. Data were gathered from college females to determine their voluntary range of joint movement. One hundred female students at Texas ASM University participated in the study. The instruments used to take the measures were two hand-held bubble level electrogoniometers. Thirty-two movements of eight different joints of the body were measured. A second goal was to update and broaden the data base of female voluntary flexibility. This goal was met by reporting the data gathered from the female college sample and providing pertinent design information. In addition, the current female data were compared against present design standards. Finally, the present study data and that of the identical male study were combined to allow a comparison with an earlier study of sex differences in joint mobility. Results of this study indicate that females are generally more flexible than males. Significant differences were found to exist in twenty-six of the thiry-two comparisons made between this study and the corresponding male study. In twenty-four of these comparisons, females were found to have greater flexibility. The differences in joint mobility reported were attributed to real differences between the sexes since the methodologies were identical and the samples were drawn from equivalent populations. Comparisons between this study and the current design standards yielded conflicting results due to differences in methodologies and samples. Significant differences were found to exist in the comparisons made between the present data combined with the current male data and an earlier study concerning sex differences in flexibility. These differences were also attributed to differences in methodologies. Both comparisons drew the same conclusion, however: females are generally more flexible than males.

scholarly journals Improved Tank Car Safety Research

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tyrell ◽  
David Jeong ◽  
Karina Jacobsen ◽  
Eloy Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Hazardous Material ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Chemical Company ◽  
Safety Research ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Accident Scenarios ◽  
Company Union ◽  
The Impact

Three recent accidents involving the release of hazardous material have focused attention on the structural integrity of railroad tank cars: (1) Minot, ND, on January 18, 2002; (2) Macdona, TX, on June 28, 2004; and (3) Graniteville, SC, on January 6, 2005. Each of these accidents resulted in fatalities. Research is being conducted to develop strategies for improving railroad tank cars so they can maintain tank integrity in severe accidents. A collaborative effort called the Next Generation Rail Tank Car (NGRTC) Project intends to use these research results to help develop improved tank car designs. Dow Chemical Company, Union Pacific Railroad, and Union Tank Car Company are the industry sponsors of the NGRTC Project. The Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) and Transport Canada participate in the NGRTC project through Memoranda of Cooperation. FRA and the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration intend to use these research results to support rulemaking. The approach taken in performing this research is to define the collision conditions of concern, to evaluate the behavior of current design equipment in these scenarios, and to develop alternative strategies for increasing the maximum impact speed for which tank integrity is maintained. The accident scenarios have been developed from a review of accidents and are intended to bound the range of main-line accidents that can lead to a release of hazardous material from a tank car. The accident scenarios and collision modes have been used to define car-to-car impact scenarios. These car-to-car impact scenarios define the conditions under which the commodity must be contained. The impact scenarios are being used to evaluate the integrity of current design and improved design tank cars. Full-scale impact tests are also being conducted, to help validate modeling of the baseline equipment. The models have been refined based on the test results. The models are now being applied to develop the improved equipment designs. This paper describes the overall research framework and provides an overview of the research done to date, as well as the planned efforts.

A Theory Study for Hydraulic Component by Finite Element Analysis Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Cheng Jun Zhu ◽  
Xiao Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
3D Software

Finite element analysis is an advanced technology, by which a complicated engineering problem can be solved by theory analysis. Firstly, we build a 3D model of a hydraulic component under 3D software environment. Then the component model is load into FEA module. Subsequently, the model is meshed and set the outer loading. At last, the analysis step is conducted and get the result. The result showed the optimized structure of component. It assumed that the study result have some value for further improved design

scholarly journals Design Development of a Coffee Maker using Design for Assembly Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4041-4047
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Design For Assembly ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Manual Handling ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the design of a coffee maker by using Boothroyd Dewhurst Method which this method is one of the Design for Assembly (DFA) methods. DFA method will help to simplify the assembly designs of the product that will leads to significant cost savings and less tine to produce a product. Main objective of DFA is to estimate the difficulty of assembly, eliminate unnecessary parts and assembly tooling and design products that are less costly to manufacture. The study will focus on analyzing the current design of coffee maker, reducing the number of parts, comparing the design efficiency and the cost between the current and improved design. The product is evaluated by using Manual Handling Table and Manual Insertion Table. The results of current design are used to make improvement to the coffee maker. Then, new design is made by eliminating or combining the old design so that total cost and time for assemble the coffe maker is reduced. Lastly, comparison is made between new and old design.

Research Regarding the Analysis of the Samples Used for Prosthetics and Medical Instruments Obtained by Sintering

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1854-1857
Author(s):  
Corneliu Rontescu ◽  
Dumitru Titi Cicic ◽  
Ana Maria Bogatu ◽  
Catalin Gheorghe Amza ◽  
Oana Roxana Chivu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Direct Metal Laser Sintering ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Medical Instruments ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present paper presents the results of the analysis made on samples obtained by additive manufacturing processes, necessary to realize prostheses and medical instruments. The samples were obtained by melting fine metal powder of Co-Cr by rapid prototyping process - Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). The examination of the samples (by methods of optical microscopic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the spectroscopy method of X-ray energy dispersion) revealed that the surface of the obtained components contains incomplete melting areas whose size depends on the shape of the surface and the meshing level of the 3D model.

scholarly journals A simple, effective enclosure with disposable coverings for inexpensive containment of aerosolized COVID viruses during tracheal intubation and extubation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke W. Monroe ◽  
Jack S. Johnson ◽  
Howard B. Gutstein ◽  
John P. Lawrence ◽  
Keith Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tracheal Intubation ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Tracheal Suctioning ◽  
Ease Of Access

Structured AbstractBackgroundSARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a severe respiratory virus that can be transmitted through aerosol particles produced by coughing, talking, and breathing. Medical procedures used to treat severe cases such as tracheal intubation, extubation, and tracheal suctioning produce infectious aerosol particles. This presents significant risk for viral exposure of nearby healthcare workers during and following tracheal operations. This study looks at an enclosure to limit medical personnel’s exposure to these particles.MethodsA low-cost plastic enclosure was designed to reduce aerosol spread and viral transmission during intubation and extubation procedures. The enclosure consists of clear polycarbonate for maximum visibility. Large side cutouts provide health care providers with ease of access to the patient. Aerosol particle instruments measured the aerosol containment efficacy after applying various types of plastic coverings to seal the side openings. The use of negative pressure was also tested.ResultsThe enclosure with 2 layers of plastic coverings sealing the side openings reduced total escaped particle number concentrations (diameter > 0.01 μm) by over 93% at 3 inches away from all openings. Concentration decay experiments indicated that the enclosure without active suction should be left on the patient for 15-20 minutes following a tracheal manipulation to allow sufficient time for >90% of aerosol particles to settle upon interior surfaces. This decreases to 5 minutes when 30 LPM suction is applied.ConclusionsThis enclosure is an inexpensive, easily implemented additional layer of protection that can be used to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol transmission between patients and healthcare workers.

scholarly journals A Virtual Brain for Stereotactic Planning and Supporting Neurosurgery

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Zigang Wang ◽  
Zesheng Tang ◽  
Tianmiao Wang ◽  
Mengdong Chen ◽  
Da Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Medical Instrument ◽  
Interior Structure ◽  
Robot Arm ◽  
Neurosurgical Planning ◽  
Medical Instruments ◽  
Visualization Technology ◽  
The Brain

Visualization has becoming a powerful assistive technology for neurosurgery. This paper introduces a system for stereotactic neurosurgical planning and support. Using visualization technology the system reconstructs and displays a 3D model of the interior structure of the patient's brain. Thus the surgeons can plan for surgery using a computer model. Marker registration is used to create the mapping between the patient's head and the brain model reconstructed in the computer. During the operation a robot arm is used as a navigator to locate the pre-defined incision site and the orientation of incision route. When the robot arm locates at the pre-defined site on the patient's head, it is fixed. Various medical instruments can be installed on the tip of the robot arm. The surgeon can insert a medical instrument into the pre-defined site of the patient's head, and the surgery can be implemented successfully with the help of this system. Using a virtual environment his system can also be used to teach and train new surgeons.

scholarly journals A Robust Approach of Maintaining Epoxy Position on Die Attach Process of Tapeless QFN Packages

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Dinglasan ◽  
Leandro D. Saria ◽  
Frederick Ray I. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Design Optimization ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Robust Approach ◽  
Die Attach ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Position Shift ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Set Up

Epoxy quality contributes a great role in defining quality products of quad flat no lead multi row packages. In dealing with certain problems related to epoxy position shift caused by unoptimized design, innovation on the dispenser module is considered and focused at. This paper discusses the phenomenal issue of epoxy position shifting in die attach process and the solutions applied. The current design of dispenser module in die attach machine demonstrates flaws that need to be improved through design optimization. Innovative approach was applied, removing variables on the design that caused rejections during die attachment due to the shifted epoxy position. The improved design was able to address the issue as projected on the study, and helps not only the epoxy position performance, but also the set-up time of epoxy during syringe replacement. This design can be adapted by other manufacturing for process improvement and robustness.

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