Pressurized housings, standardizing possibilities, opportunities and difficulties

Explosive atmospheres can be caused by gases, vapours, mists, dust, lint or fibres of flammable substance. If enough substance and air are mixed, the imminence of an explosion depends on probability and efficiency of the ignition source. Hazardous areas classified in sectors must be protected from ignition sources. Equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres should be selected to meet the appropriate requirements for protective equipment and systems. The current paper aims to identify opportunities for standardization of pressurized equipment. The first part of the paper presents the risk of explosion associated with the presence of flammable substances and protection against explosions. The concept and opportunities of using pressurization are described in the second part of the paper. The third part refers to considerations regarding size and shape of pressurized equipment. A synthesis of pressurized equipment’s offer - dimensions, shape and functional role, is presented in the last part of the paper. Among the conclusions the existence of a gauge profile that depends on purpose, volume, operating position and assembly of the equipment, was mentioned.

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Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physicians Working in the Head and Neck Field

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722254 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (01) ◽

pp. e150-e159

Author(s):

Rui Imamura ◽

Ricardo F. Bento ◽

Leandro L. Matos ◽

William N. William ◽

Gustavo N. Marta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Outpatient Care ◽

Online Survey ◽

Family Income ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Psychological Burden ◽

The Public ◽

The Third

Abstract Background With the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical practice of physicians who work in the head and neck field in Brazil dropped dramatically. The sustained impact of the pandemic is not known. Methods An anonymous online survey was distributed to Brazilian otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, asking about their clinical practice in the third to fourth months of the pandemic. Results The survey was completed by 446 specialists. About 40% reported reduction of more than 75% in outpatient care. A reduction of 90% to 100% in airway endoscopies was reported by 50% of the responders, and the same rate of reduction regarding surgeries (pediatric or nasosinusal) was reported by 80% of them. Family income decreased by 50%, and the psychological burden on physicians was considerable. The availability of personal protective equipment and safety precautions were limited, especially in the public sector. Conclusion COVID-19 is still impacting the head and neck field, and safety concerns may hinder the prompt resumption of elective care.

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The COVID-19 Pandemic and nursing challenges: A review of the early literature

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-213458 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Mojtaba K. Danesh ◽

Ehsan Garosi ◽

Hamedeh Golmohamadpour

Keyword(s):

Health Systems ◽

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Qualitative Studies ◽

Systematic Search ◽

Current Paper ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Early Literature ◽

The Face ◽

Physical Distress ◽

The Impact

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has put health systems under unprecedented pressure, challenging their workforce, especially nurses. OBJECTIVE: The current paper presented a review of the early literature concerning emerging nursing challenges during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A systematic search of the published literature between January and May 2020 was carried out in Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar to identify relevant quantitative and qualitative studies. RESULTS: Twenty-two original articles were retrieved, the majority of which were survey studies from China. Synthesis of the evidence resulted in four overarching themes including “being physically and mentally drained in the face of fear and uncertainty,” “shortage of personal protective equipment and usability issues,” “psychosomatic disturbances among nurses,” and “moderators to mitigate nurses’ challenges.” CONCLUSIONS: Providing care for demanding COVID-19 patients, nurses experienced a gruelling situation, during which a significant amount of psychological and physical distress was inflicted to them. However, receiving proper support from their organization and society could improve the condition substantially. Further research is required to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses, especially from Western countries.

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El conocimiento administrativo, retos y oportunidades en la identificación de una epistemología de la administración

Inquietud Empresarial ◽

10.19053/01211048.2587 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 11-32

Author(s):

Patricia Carolina Barreto Bernal

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Complexity Theory ◽

Organizational Theory ◽

Social Practice ◽

Human Action ◽

Current Paper ◽

The Third ◽

Siglo Xix ◽

Object Of Study ◽

Xix Century

Pensar en la administración como un conjunto de conocimientos organizados y sistemáticamente construidos para explicar la especificidad de una disciplina ha sido un esfuerzo aun no terminado de más de un siglo de autores que desde finales del siglo XIX hasta estas primeras década del siglo XXI han venido construyendo el discurso teórico de la administración. El presente artículo hace un pequeñorecorrido por los diferentes intentos de organización de dicho conocimiento desde la reflexión de los tres componentes que constituyen una epistemología a saber: su objeto de estudio, su cuerpo teórico y su relación con las demás ciencias sociales para el desarrollo de un método. A partir de dichos elementos, en la tercera parte del artículo se arriesga una propuesta de construcción epistemológica en elconocimiento administrativo acudiendo a la filosofía integradora de la teoría de la complejidad. La metodología seguida para realizar el artículo fue la de revisión documental y concluye que la potencialidad de la administración como práctica social y conjunto de herramientas de gestión y dirección puede ser pensada como un campo epistemológico flexible y abierto a las relaciones de transdisciplinariedad que se presuponen necesarias para una comprensión integral y dinámica de larealidad.PALABRAS CLAVEPensamiento administrativo, epistemología, teoría de las organizaciones, acción humana. ABSTRACTThinking about administration as an ensemble of organized and systematically constructed knowledge in order to explain the specificity of a discipline has been an unfinished effort of more than a century of authors who since the late XIX century until the first decades of the XXI century, have been constructing the theoretical discourse of administration. The current paper makes a brief tour through thedifferent attempts of organization of such knowledge, from the three components reflection which compose an epistemology as follows: its object of study, its theoretical body and its relationship with other social sciences for the development of a method. From these elements, in the third part of the paper, it is taken the risk of making a proposal of epistemological construction in the administrative knowledge,turning to the conciliatory philosophy of the complexity theory. The methodology used to carry out the paper was the documentary review, and it concludes that the potentiality of administration as a social practice and a set of management and leadership tools could be thought as a flexible epistemological field, open to the relations of transdisciplinarity which are presupposed to be necessary for anintegral and dynamic comprehension of reality.KEYWORDSManagement thinking, epistemology, organizational theory, human action.

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From Teleosemantics to Normative Ethics

Oxford Studies in Normative Ethics Volume 9 ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198846253.003.0013 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 271-294

Author(s):

Jacob Ross

Keyword(s):

Functional Role ◽

Moral Relativism ◽

Normative Ethics ◽

The Third ◽

Three Stages ◽

Normative Implications

The morally wrong actions, it seems, are the actions that are worthy of moral disapproval. Hence, one way to approach normative ethics is to ask the following question: Toward what kinds of action is moral disapproval fitting or correct? Chapter 13 argues that we can answer this question by adopting a teleosemantic framework. The chapter proceeds in three stages. It begins by proposing and defending a teleological theory of the contents of attitudes in general. The account proposed implies that the content of an attitude depends on its functional role. Accordingly, the second part of the paper defends an account of the functional role of moral disapproval. Then the third part combines the results of the first two parts in order to determine the content, and hence the correctness conditions, of moral disapproval. The chapter concludes with some remarks about the normative implications of the resulting view. In particular, it argues for a form of moral relativism.

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Thermally Activated Protective Systems: Material Considerations for Improved Flash/Flame Protection

Volume 2: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2010-38958 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin J. Little ◽

A. O¨zer Arnas

Keyword(s):

Protective Equipment ◽

Improvised Explosive Devices ◽

Full Extent ◽

Thermally Activated ◽

The Individual ◽

Improvised Explosive ◽

Explosive Devices ◽

Protective Garment ◽

Flame Protection ◽

Protective Systems

This paper is based on an effort to increase the protection from thermal and flash/flame threats due to explosion. The relatively recent threat of Improvised Explosive Devices, IEDs, the large thermal energy associated with them, as well as the secondary fires has prompted an investigation into whether the personal protective equipment available to the individual soldier provides adequate protection from injury. This is a continuation of a previous paper that investigated the full extent of the threat posed by explosions. The research included a profile of the thermal properties of the threat, typical injuries associated with explosions, as well as several possible means of alleviating the dangers. One means that was suggested was the use of intumescent materials. These are materials that expand when exposed to heat, thus increasing the distance between the threat and the person as well as altering their thermal conductivity to make them more resistant to burn. Using this suggestion, in this paper we seek to determine the feasibility of using these materials in a protective garment. It factors in soldier concerns of durability, comfort, et cetera but focuses mainly on the heat transfer aspects of the material.

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Между Азией и Австралией (краниологическое разнообразие мозгового черепа современного населения юго-восточной Азии)

Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology) ◽

10.33876/2311-0546/2021-53-1/166-182 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 166-182

Author(s):

А.П. Пестряков ◽

О.М. Григорьева ◽

Ю.В. Пеленицына

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Individual Data ◽

Modern Humans ◽

Size And Shape ◽

The Third ◽

Eurasian Continent ◽

Shelf Seas

Настоящая работа является продолжением серии исследований, посвященных панойкумкенной классификации современного человека по мозговому черепу. Изучались краниологические особенности близкого к современности населения обширных территорий Юго-восточной Азии, Австралии и островного мира, лежащего между этими континентами. В основном исследование опиралось на сравнительный анализ индивидуальных данных мужских черепов 32 краниосерий, взятых из работ антропологов, изучавших этот регион. Метрические признаки (абсолютные размеры и индексы) этих краниосерий вычислялись на основе величины трёх взаимноперпендикулярных диаметров черепной коробки, взятых из литературных источников. Восемь остальных признаков рассчитывались по различным соотношениям величин этих диаметров. Дендрограмма расстояний между этими 32-мя краниосериями, построенная по 11 признакам размера и формы черепной коробки, чётко разбивается на три кластера. Краниосерии одного из них характеризуются параметрами, типичными для панойкуменного краниотипа пацифидов: мезокранные, средневысокие и средне удлинённые черепа. Серии другого кластера представляют краниотип восточных тропидов: долихокранные, средневысокие и сильно удлинённые черепа. Краниосерии третьего кластера отличны как от названных двух панойкуменных краниотипов, так и от третьего панойкуменного краниотипа голарктидов, серии которого отсутствуют на изучаемой территории. Серии этого последнего кластера получили у нас наименование – сундиды, т.к. в основном они локализованы на территории субконтинента Сунда, образованого во время регрессии моря в эпоху четвертичного плейстоцена, когда шельфовые моря юго-восточной Азии и Индонезии стали сушей, частью единого Евразийского континента. Для подобных серий характерна малая величина укороченного брахикранного черепа. Большая часть краниосерий Индокитая и Индонезии могут быть отнесены именно к этому краниотипу. Таким образом, большая монголоидная раса разбивается по признакам мозгового черепа на три различных краниологических типа: континентальные монголоиды (голарктиды), тихоокеанские монголоиды (пацифиды) и южные монголоиды (сундиды). This work continues the studies devoted to the worldwide classification of modern humans by the neurocranial skull. Cranial dimensions of population of vast territories of Southeast Asia, Australia and the islands between these continents were studied. The study was based on a comparative analysis of individual data from male skulls from 32 samples, taken from published works of anthropologists who studied this region. The dendrogram of the distances between these 32 samples, based on 11 measures of the size and shape of the skull, is formed by three distinctive clusters. Samples from the first cluster are characterized as typical for the Pacifid craniotype (mesocranial skulls). Samples from the second cluster belong to the East Tropid craniotype (dolichocranial skulls). Samples from the third cluster differ both from the two craniotypes mentioned above and another craniotype, called Golarktids (this type is not presented in the studied area). We called this last cluster “Sundids”, because they are mainly localized in the Sunda subcontinent. This area was formed during the sea regression during the Pleistocene, when the shelf seas of Southeast Asia and Indonesia turned into land, part of a single Eurasian continent. In this sample, the skulls are small and brachycranial. A large part of Indochinese and Indonesian crania can be attributed to this craniotype. Thus, the great Mongoloid race can be divided into three different craniological types: continental Mongoloids (Golarktids), Pacific Mongoloids (Pacifids), and southern Mongoloids (Sundids).

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HANDS-ON TECHNIQUES TO REINFORCE READING PESTICIDE LABELS THOROUGHLY

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.40.3.870a ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 870a-870

Author(s):

Mary Lamberts ◽

Adrian Hunsberger

Keyword(s):

Product Information ◽

Resistance Management ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Dade County ◽

Record Keeping ◽

The Third ◽

The Core ◽

Hands On ◽

Harvest Intervals ◽

Additional Product

Many people, including growers and gardeners, fail to carefully read pesticide labels before each use because they assume they know what the label contains. The UF Miami-Dade County Extension pesticide trainer developed several hands-on exercises where participants had to find information on labels chosen for specific features. The first group was people taking the Core/General Standards training. Five pesticide labels were used. Participants were asked to find information from three different categories: 1) basic information used for record keeping and about the product;2) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and Precautionary Statements; and 3) additional product information such as irrigation and tank mix warnings. A second group, Private Applicators (growers and their employees), studied 6 labels (1 overlap with Core training). They were asked information that focused on Worker Protection Standard issues, resistance management, limits on number total amount applied, and pre-harvest intervals. For both types of licensed applicator training, participants were divided into groups of 5 to 6. On several occasions, growers and other licensed applicators said they thought labels should have greater uniformity regarding location of key information. Master Gardeners (MGs), the third group, were first given three general publications on labels and 1 on protecting the applicator. They then received labels of four homeowner products and were guided through finding information such as: labeled crops/sites, pests controlled, signal words, mixing instructions, preharvest intervals and replant information. MG knowledge was evaluated with a five-question quiz. All participants commented that they learned a lot about reading labels.

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PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN POSTER DI BENGKEL

Jurnal Pendidikan Teknik Sipil ◽

10.21831/jpts.v1i1.28270 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Indah Wahyuni ◽

Nur Hidayat

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Personal Protective Equipment ◽

Civil Engineering ◽

Department Of Education ◽

Protective Equipment ◽

Instructional Media ◽

Education Department ◽

Descriptive Research ◽

The Third ◽

Descriptive Approach

ABSTRACTThis study is aimed to determine: (1) the use of posters as a medium of learning at the workshop of Education Department of Civil Engineering and Planning FT UNY, (2) requirements in making posters as instructional media, and (3) Correspondence between poster as a learning media with the workshop at Department of Education of Civil Engineering and Planning FT UNY. This study Applies a descriptive approach (descriptive research). In this study, the researchers did not provide any treatment to what is observed however only describes in detail merely to what was found in the data collection. The findings of this study are (1) poster has been used as a medium of learning both in carpentry, plumbing workshop, and rock workshop. Poster is used to convey information such as personal protective equipment, work step, parts of an instrument, learning products, and K3 (2) the factors of the preconditions if poster at carpentry and rock workshop have been fulfilled. However the preconditions the form of size and color of poster at the plumbing workshop still need to be resized. In addition, the suitability factors such as ease of posters indicators in order to be easily seen in carpentry and plumbing workshop also need to be resized. Other indicators contained in preconditions factors such as expediency and suitability in the third workshop have been fulfilled. (3) The compliance of poster in carpentry, plumbing workshop, and rock workshop at the Education Department of Civil Engineering and Planning FT UNY is good. Posters are suitable to the function and purpose of each workshop. They only need resizing and repositioning. Keywords: instructional media, posters, workshop ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) penggunaan poster sebagai media pembelajaran di bengkel Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan FT UNY (2) persyaratan dalam pembuatan poster sebagai media pembelajaran (3) Kesesuaian antara media pembelajaran poster dengan bengkel di Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan FT UNY. Penelitian ini menggunaan pendekatan deskriptif (descriptive reasearch). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti tidak memberikan perlakuan terhadap apa yang diteliti tetapi hanya sebatas mendeskripsikan secara detail terhadap apa yang ditemukan dalam pengambilan data. Hasil penelitian ini adalah (1) Poster telah dimanfaatkan sebagai media pembelajaran baik di bengkel kayu, bengkel plambing, maupun bengkel batu. Poster digunakan untuk menyampaikan informasi alat pelindung diri, langkah kerja, bagian-bagian dari suatu alat, produk pembelajaran, maupun K3 (2) Faktor prasyarat poster di bengkel kayu dan bengkel batu sudah terpenuhi. Hanya saja untuk prasyarat berupa indikator ukuran dan warna poster di bengkel plambing masih perlu ditingkatkan. Selain itu, faktor kesesuaian berupa indikator kemudahan poster untuk terlihat di bengkel kayu dan plambing juga perlu ditingkatkan. Indikator lain yang terdapat pada faktor prasyarat, kemanfaatan, dan kesesuaian di ketiga bengkel tersebut sudah terpenuhi (3) Kesesuaian poster di bengkel kayu, bengkel plambing, dan bengkel batu di Jurusan Pendidikan Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan FT UNY sudah baik. Poster sudah sesuai dengan fungsi dan maksud masing-masing bengkel. Hanya saja perlu adanya pembenahan dalam penempatan poster.Kata kunci: media pembelajaran, poster, bengkel

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Distribution of residual vegetation associated with large fires in Alberta

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x87-186 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 1207-1212 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Kevin E. Eberhart ◽

Paul M. Woodard

Keyword(s):

Shape Index ◽

Size Class ◽

Burned Area ◽

Fire Size ◽

Size Classes ◽

Size And Shape ◽

The Third ◽

Island Area ◽

Large Fires

Fire size and shape, number and size of islands of residual vegetation, amount of edge, and distances to residual vegetation were analyzed for 69 fires that burned in Alberta between 1970 and 1983. These fires ranged in size from 21 to 17 770 ha. Distribution of residual vegetation was compared among five fire size classes. Fires in the smallest size class (20–40 ha) did not contain any islands of unburned vegetation. Percent of area within the fire perimeter that was actually disturbed decreased with increasing fire size. The number of unburned islands per 100 ha was highest for the third and fourth largest fire size classes (201–400 and 401–2000 ha). Median island area per fire, fire shape index, and edge index increased with fire size. Percentages of burned area within 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m of residual vegetation decreased with increasing fire size. These results indicate decreased potential for natural reforestation and increased benefits to some wildlife habitats as fire size increases.

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