Co-carbonization of single coking coal and pyrolytic extracts from datong long-flame coal

Using modified coal as the raw material to produce coke is a novel method to improve the quality of coke during the process of coal blend coking. In this work, the activated components from low-rank coal were used as a common modifier for coal modification process. The properties of co-carbonization coke were studied. The pyrolytic extracts of Chinese Datong long-flame coal (DTLFPE) were used as the additive, while Jinjian gas coal and Zhongwei lean coal were used as the basic coals. The influence of the addition of DTLFPE on coke’s micro-strength, optical texture index (OTI), microstructure and coke reactivity were studied. The results showed that DTLFPE exhibited a significant impact on the performance of Zhongwei lean coal coke. The micro-strength and the OTI index of each coke significantly improved due to the addition of DTLFPE, which meant that their anisotropy degree was enhanced. The addition of DTLFPE also decreased the porosity of Jinjian gas coal coke, and improved the melting ability of the particles in Zhongwei lean coal coke. The DTLFPE was found to be a very suitable modifier for single coking coal, whereas moderate amounts of additives exhibited positive effects on improving the quality of coke.

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Influence of the prime hard coking coal in stamp charge cokemaking: true or false

Metallurgical Research & Technology ◽

10.1051/metal/2020046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 412

Author(s):

Hari Prakash Tiwari ◽

Vishwesh M. Shisani ◽

Bhavendra Kumar Sahu ◽

Rabindra Kumar Sabat ◽

Damodar Mittal

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Raw Material ◽

Furnace Productivity ◽

Specific Productivity ◽

Hot Metal ◽

High Quality ◽

Coking Coal ◽

Coal Blend ◽

Working Volume

The production of hot metal through the blast furnace route is stilled the most cost-effective and highly productive process and probably remains the coming decades besides developed many alternative ironmaking technologies. In the recent past, the working volume of the blast furnace has been increased drastically to increase the blast furnace productivity. This means the blast furnace performance is more correlated to specific productivity which measures the efficiency in terms of ton hot metal. These modern blast furnaces favour high quality of coke, i.e. high coke CSR and M40 value, high iron content sinter and pellets. These high quality of input raw materials increased blast furnace efficiency and productivity. Generally, cokemakers increases the ratio of prime hard coking coal in the coal blend to achieve the high quality of coke. This increase in prime hard coking coal is not desirable for coke oven batteries because it creates high oven wall pressure and high coke cost and also not suitable for raw material security. The present investigation highlights few cases which clearly show that the high quality of coke (coke CSR: 69–71) may be easily produced with the optimal proportion of prime hard coking coal in the blend if the selection of coals is proper. Results confirmed that upto 30% primary hard coking coal with 15% non-coking coal in the coal blend produce an excellent quality of coke which naturally requires a careful selection on the blend component. The optimum composite coking potential (CCP) value of 4.6–4.9 is the ideal value for producing coke CSR in the range of 69–71 in recovery stamp charge cokemaking process in the real-time plant operation. Therefore, it is necessary to select the right coals for the coal blend based on the adopted cokemaking technologies to conserve the reserve of prime hard coking coal, oven health and cost-effectiveness.

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Selectivity of Current Extraction Techniques for Flavonoids from Plant Materials

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8101222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 1222

Author(s):

Milena Tzanova ◽

Vasil Atanasov ◽

Zvezdelina Yaneva ◽

Donika Ivanova ◽

Toncho Dinev

Keyword(s):

Animal Health ◽

Selective Extraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Technique ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Disease Therapy ◽

Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽

Plant Sources

Flavonoids have a broad spectrum of established positive effects on human and animal health. They find an application in medicine for disease therapy and chemoprevention, whence the interest in flavonoids increases. In addition, they are used in food and cosmetic industries as pigments and biopreservatives. Plants are an inexhaustible source of flavonoids. The most important step of plant raw material processing is extraction and isolation of target compounds. The quality of an extract and efficiency of a procedure are influenced by several factors: Plant material and pre-extracting sample preparation, type of solvent, extraction technique, physicochemical conditions, etc. The present overview discusses the common problems and key challenges of the extraction procedures and the different mechanisms for selective extraction of flavonoids from different plant sources. In summary, there is no universal extraction method and each optimized procedure is individual for the respective plants. For an extraction technique to be selective, it must combine an optimal solvent or mixture of solvents with an appropriate technique. Last but not least, its optimization is important for a variety of applications. Moreover, when the selected method needs to be standardized, it must achieve acceptable degree of repeatability and reproducibility.

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Coal blend properties and evaluation on the quality of stamp charging coke from weakly coking blends

Metallurgical Research & Technology ◽

10.1051/metal/2017043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (4) ◽

pp. 421 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xue-yan Liu ◽

Xing Han ◽

Huan Cheng ◽

Xi-Tao Yin ◽

Rui Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Temperature Dependence ◽

Quality Indices ◽

Coke Strength ◽

Coking Coal ◽

Iron And Steel ◽

Coal Blend ◽

Coking Properties ◽

The Cost

Stamp charging coking can use weakly coking coal effectively, which can cut the cost for iron and steel enterprises. However, the quality of stamp charging coke has been debated due to lower CSR index. In this paper, the correlation between blend coking properties and quality indices of stamp charging coke is given out through statistical analysis of data from coking production, the effect of blend properties and stamping on the properties of stamp charging coke is estimated through microstructure, and the strength after reaction of stamp charging coke is evaluated through temperature dependence of reacted coke strength and BF smelting. The results show that the stamping permits to use the weakly coking blend with lower G index without impairing the M10 and M40 indices, but the CSR index is decreased. Meanwhile, the reason that the stamp charging coke with lower CSR index can also be used smoothly in BF is presented. The present works are significant to guide the blending of increasing weakly coking coal and evaluate reasonably the quality of stamp charging cokes.

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OPPORTUNITIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON TOURISM POTENTIALS IN KOSOVO

Knowledge International Journal ◽

10.35120/kij26061585n ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1585-1589

Author(s):

Artan Nimani ◽

Valbona Zeqiraj

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Tourism Development ◽

Major Effect ◽

Raw Material ◽

Management Culture ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Natural Beauty ◽

Political Security

Tourism comprises the activities of people travelling and staying in different places from the country of their habitual residence, for a period not longer than one calendar year, and the purpose of this trip is leisure.Tourism, somehow, includes the natural resources of a country or a particular region. Many countries pay primary importance to tourism development. But besides the natural resources, human resources for the industry are also rated as 'raw material' or are predicted by experts as the most important factor that will be coped by the industry over the past decades and the next. It is not enough for a country to be rich in natural beauty in order to be a tourist destination. There should interact: better management, culture, tradition, welcoming, quality of service, etc. All these affect the evolution or development of natural resources that directly affect the economic growth of a country.Supporting the development of traditional economic branches has not brought any major effect on the ongoing development in Kosovo, so that enrichment of economic structure and the development of new branches provide an important opportunity for qualitative advancement of the economy and the entire Kosovo society. The purpose of this paper is to highlight some aspects which identify opportunities and the importance of providing tourism development in the growth and progress of the Kosovo society.The impact of tourism on the economy of various countries in the world is recognized and the positive effects are usually expressed based in the revenue that the country generates during a certain period. It means that while other countries are wondering what has happened to the development of tourism during the year, we still have to ask, will it happen or how will tourism development happen to us.Kosovo is now on the way out of the crisis as political, security, economic, social or other ones, which have dominated for years. Based on the principle that the country cannot have a sustainable future without economic development, but no sustainable economic development without stability, it is quite necessary to identify the factors that contribute to the sustainability of the country. One of the factors which may contribute to the rapid emergence of severe crises is the development of tourism.

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Analysis of coniferous species to identify and distinguish juvenile and mature wood

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/78/2013-jfs ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 143-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Nawrot ◽

W. Pazdrowski ◽

R. Walkowiak ◽

M. Szymański ◽

K. Kaźmierczak

Keyword(s):

Juvenile Wood ◽

Wood Products ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Raw Material ◽

Forest Trees ◽

European Larch ◽

Coniferous Species ◽

Novel Method ◽

Good Identification

We conducted to describe methods used to differentiate the zones of juvenile and mature wood in stems of coniferous species and to present the importance of good identification of the shares of both types of wood to ensure a rational use of the raw material and final quality of wood products. This study describes in more detail a novel method to separate the juvenile and mature wood tissue in stems of European larch using cluster analysis in the form of the k-means algorithm. Moreover, guidelines were also shortly described for forest management which could result in a reduction of the share of juvenile wood in stems of forest trees.  

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Efficient utilization of Indian Coking Coal: Opportunities and challenges

Metallurgical Research & Technology ◽

10.1051/metal/2020017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 117 (2) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Manish Kumar ◽

Hari Prakash Tiwari

Keyword(s):

Coke Quality ◽

Iron And Steel Industry ◽

Efficient Utilization ◽

Coking Coal ◽

Iron And Steel ◽

Indian Coal ◽

Coal Blend ◽

Steel Industries ◽

Selection Of

The preservation of coking coal and the reduction of coke cost are gaining much importance in iron and steel industry. An effort is being made worldwide to maximize the use of inferior quality of coking coal in cokemaking without sacrificing the coke quality to minimize the coke cost. In general, Indian coking coals contain lower content of vitrinite (≤ 50%) and higher content of ash (≥ 15%) as compared to imported coking coal. Indian coking coals have poor washability characteristics also. Therefore, for making coal blend for coke making, selection of an appropriate proportion of Indian coking coals with imported coking coals is a major challenge for Indian steel industries. Proper selection of Indian coal not only reduces the coking coal import but also minimizes the coal blend cost with added benefits of the increase in the captive mine life. This paper touches the opportunities and challenges for efficient utilization of Indian coking coal as a component in the coal blend to produce the desired quality of coke.

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Analysis of hard coal quality for narrow size fraction under 20 mm

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20182900016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 00016

Author(s):

Tomasz Niedoba ◽

Paulina Pięta

Keyword(s):

Size Fraction ◽

Raw Material ◽

Hard Coal ◽

Coal Quality ◽

Coking Coal ◽

Size Fractions ◽

Taxonomic Methods ◽

Individual Size ◽

Coal Type

The paper presents the results of an analysis of hard coal quality diversion in narrow size fraction by using taxonomic methods. Raw material samples were collected in selected mines of Upper Silesian Industrial Region and they were classified according to the Polish classification as types 31, 34.2 and 35. Then, each size fraction was characterized in terms of the following properties: density, ash content, calorific content, volatile content, total sulfur content and analytical moisture. As a result of the analysis it can be stated that the best quality in the entire range of the tested size fractions was the 34.2 coking coal type. At the same time, in terms of price parameters, high quality of raw material characterised the following size fractions: 0-6.3 mm of 31 energetic coal type and 0-3.15 mm of 35 coking coal type. The methods of grouping (Ward’s method) and agglomeration (k-means method) have shown that the size fraction below 10 mm was characterized by higher quality in all the analyzed hard coal types. However, the selected taxonomic methods do not make it possible to identify individual size fraction or hard coal types based on chosen parameters.

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Paper Pulp Raw Material Supply in The Future-Research on Improvement of Production and Quality of Wood Biomass-

JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL ◽

10.2524/jtappij.59.88 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 88-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takashi Hibino

Keyword(s):

Raw Material ◽

Future Research ◽

Paper Pulp ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Material Supply ◽

The Future

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TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/6/47-50 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 47-50

Author(s):

I. A. Ilina ◽

I. A. Machneva ◽

E. S. Bakun

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Raw Material ◽

High Quality ◽

Temperature Conductivity ◽

Drying Temperature ◽

Plant Raw Materials ◽

Gel Forming Ability

The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

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