scholarly journals Analysis of hard coal quality for narrow size fraction under 20 mm

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 00016
Author(s):  
Tomasz Niedoba ◽  
Paulina Pięta
Keyword(s):  
Size Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Taxonomic Methods ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Coal Type

The paper presents the results of an analysis of hard coal quality diversion in narrow size fraction by using taxonomic methods. Raw material samples were collected in selected mines of Upper Silesian Industrial Region and they were classified according to the Polish classification as types 31, 34.2 and 35. Then, each size fraction was characterized in terms of the following properties: density, ash content, calorific content, volatile content, total sulfur content and analytical moisture. As a result of the analysis it can be stated that the best quality in the entire range of the tested size fractions was the 34.2 coking coal type. At the same time, in terms of price parameters, high quality of raw material characterised the following size fractions: 0-6.3 mm of 31 energetic coal type and 0-3.15 mm of 35 coking coal type. The methods of grouping (Ward’s method) and agglomeration (k-means method) have shown that the size fraction below 10 mm was characterized by higher quality in all the analyzed hard coal types. However, the selected taxonomic methods do not make it possible to identify individual size fraction or hard coal types based on chosen parameters.

Influence of the prime hard coking coal in stamp charge cokemaking: true or false

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Hari Prakash Tiwari ◽  
Vishwesh M. Shisani ◽  
Bhavendra Kumar Sahu ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Sabat ◽  
Damodar Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Furnace Productivity ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Hot Metal ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
Coal Blend ◽  
Working Volume

The production of hot metal through the blast furnace route is stilled the most cost-effective and highly productive process and probably remains the coming decades besides developed many alternative ironmaking technologies. In the recent past, the working volume of the blast furnace has been increased drastically to increase the blast furnace productivity. This means the blast furnace performance is more correlated to specific productivity which measures the efficiency in terms of ton hot metal. These modern blast furnaces favour high quality of coke, i.e. high coke CSR and M40 value, high iron content sinter and pellets. These high quality of input raw materials increased blast furnace efficiency and productivity. Generally, cokemakers increases the ratio of prime hard coking coal in the coal blend to achieve the high quality of coke. This increase in prime hard coking coal is not desirable for coke oven batteries because it creates high oven wall pressure and high coke cost and also not suitable for raw material security. The present investigation highlights few cases which clearly show that the high quality of coke (coke CSR: 69–71) may be easily produced with the optimal proportion of prime hard coking coal in the blend if the selection of coals is proper. Results confirmed that upto 30% primary hard coking coal with 15% non-coking coal in the coal blend produce an excellent quality of coke which naturally requires a careful selection on the blend component. The optimum composite coking potential (CCP) value of 4.6–4.9 is the ideal value for producing coke CSR in the range of 69–71 in recovery stamp charge cokemaking process in the real-time plant operation. Therefore, it is necessary to select the right coals for the coal blend based on the adopted cokemaking technologies to conserve the reserve of prime hard coking coal, oven health and cost-effectiveness.

Co-carbonization of single coking coal and pyrolytic extracts from datong long-flame coal

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaming Zhu ◽  
Shuai Tang ◽  
Xuefei Zhao ◽  
Lijuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Coking Coal ◽  
Coal Blend ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Lean Coal ◽  
Gas Coal ◽  
Anisotropy Degree

Using modified coal as the raw material to produce coke is a novel method to improve the quality of coke during the process of coal blend coking. In this work, the activated components from low-rank coal were used as a common modifier for coal modification process. The properties of co-carbonization coke were studied. The pyrolytic extracts of Chinese Datong long-flame coal (DTLFPE) were used as the additive, while Jinjian gas coal and Zhongwei lean coal were used as the basic coals. The influence of the addition of DTLFPE on coke’s micro-strength, optical texture index (OTI), microstructure and coke reactivity were studied. The results showed that DTLFPE exhibited a significant impact on the performance of Zhongwei lean coal coke. The micro-strength and the OTI index of each coke significantly improved due to the addition of DTLFPE, which meant that their anisotropy degree was enhanced. The addition of DTLFPE also decreased the porosity of Jinjian gas coal coke, and improved the melting ability of the particles in Zhongwei lean coal coke. The DTLFPE was found to be a very suitable modifier for single coking coal, whereas moderate amounts of additives exhibited positive effects on improving the quality of coke.

scholarly journals The Effect of Disaccharide Concentration in a Liquid Binder on The Mechanisms and Kinetics of Disc Granulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Obraniak ◽  
Tadeusz Gluba
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Constant Flow ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Constant Flow Rate ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Individual Size ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Wetting Liquid ◽  
Liquid Migration

Abstract Analysis of granulation kinetics was carried out using a laboratory disc granulator with a diameter D of 0.5 m. A liquid binder was delivered to the tumbling bed at a constant flow rate with a nozzle generating droplets with a size of approx. 4-5 mm. Fine-grained chalk was used as a model of raw material and water or disaccharide solution with concentrations of 20 - 40% as a wetting liquid. Different times of droplet delivery ranging from 2 to 6 min were utilized. Granulometric composition of the bed for selected lengths of process, bed moisture and the moisture of individual size-fractions were assessed. Mass of granulated material, which was transferred from nuclei fraction to other size fractions was determined on the basis of mass balance analysis and the assessment of liquid migration between fractions. The influence of disaccharide concentration in wetting liquid on the aforementioned phenomena was also examined.

VISUALIZATION OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA IN PURPOSE OF QUALITATIVE CLASSIFICATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF COAL / WIZUALIZACJA WIELOWYMIAROWYCH DANYCH W CELU KLASYFIKACJI JAKOŚCIOWEJ RÓŻNYCH TYPÓW WĘGLA

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1317-1331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Niedoba ◽  
Dariusz Jamróz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Detailed Statistical Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Classification

Abstract Coal as energetic raw material features by many parameters determining its quality. In classification of coal types there are many of them with typical division of energetic, semi-coking and coking coal. The data concerning coal are usually treated as independent values while this kind of approach is not always right. Authors proposed new solutions in this aspect and performed the multidimensional analysis of three selected types of coal featuring by various properties which originated from three various hard coal mines located in Upper Silesia Region. The object of the research was so-called raw coal which was not processed before. For each type of coal the detailed statistical analysis of seven chosen properties of coal was performed. To perform adequate and complete statistical analysis it is necessary to analyze the chosen properties of coal together in multidimensional way. It was decided to apply new and modern visualizing methods of multidimensional data which were observational tunnels method and parallel coordinates method. The applied methods allowed to obtain visualization of seven-dimensional data describing coal. By means of these visualizations it was possible to observe the significant division of the features space between researched types of coal. These methods allowed to look at the investigated data from various perspectives and make possible to determine significant differences between researched materials. For the investigated coals such differences were determined clearly what proved that by means of these methods it is possible to successfully identify type of coal as well to analyze in details its individual properties and identify, for example, particle size fraction etc. The obtained results are innovative and are the basis for more detailed researches taking into consideration also other coal properties, including its structure and texture. This methodology can be also applied successfully for other types of raw materials, like ores.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

Physico-Chemical Aspects of the Influence of Raw Material Components on the Quality of Ceramic Brick

2019 ◽  
Vol 777 (12) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
G.Yu. SHAGIGALIN ◽  
◽  
P.A. FEDOROV ◽  
L.N. LOMAKINA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Ceramic Brick ◽  
Physico Chemical

scholarly journals The Analysis of Influence of the Gangue in the Coal as Fired on the Coal Conveying System and the Boiler Operation of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Su Pan ◽  
Yu Pengfeng ◽  
Linbo Liu ◽  
Han Jing ◽  
Xiao Shen
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Coal Quality ◽  
Boiler Operation ◽  
Conveying System

The coal as fired, with unidentified characteristics of the coal gangue, was burned on a 300MW circulating fluidized bed unit. The equipment of the coal conveying system was damaged and the boiler operation was unstable. In response to the problems, the coal quality data and storage conditions of the coal were examined and the site was spot-checked to evaluate the coal quality characteristics. At the same time, the typical representative parameters of the coal handling system and boiler operation were selected. According to the analysis of coal quality and coal storage, the coal quality fluctuates greatly and the uniformity of particle size distribution is poor. There is actually the coal gangue with hard texture and hard to grind in the coal pile. The coal gangue will have adverse effects on the fine screening machine, fine crusher and other equipment. After burned this type of coal, the fluidized quality of the boiler bed is degraded to make an impact on the safe and stable operation of the boiler. It is recommended that the coal should be screened and then burned into the furnace to ensure safe and stable operation of the boiler.

scholarly journals Configuration of flowsheet and reagent dosage for gilsonite flotation towards the ultra-low-ash concentrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ataallah Bahrami ◽  
Fatemeh Kazemi ◽  
Mirsaleh Mirmohammadi ◽  
Yousef Ghorbani ◽  
Saghar Farajzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Sodium Cyanide ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Process Mineralogy

AbstractGilsonite has a wide variety of applications in the industry, including the manufacture of electrodes, paints and resins, as well as the production of asphalt and roof-waterproofing material. Gilsonite ash is a determining parameter for its application in some industries (e.g., gilsonite with ash content < 5% used as an additive in drilling fluids, resins). Due to the shortage of high grade (low ash) gilsonite reserves, the aim of this study is to develop a processing flowsheet for the production of ultra-low-ash gilsonite (< 5%), based on process mineralogy studies and processing tests. For this purpose, mineralogical studies and flotation tests have been performed on a sample of gilsonite with an average ash content of 15%. According to mineralogical studies, carbonates and clay minerals are the main associated impurities (more than 90 vol.%). Furthermore, sulfur was observed in two forms of mineral (pyrite and marcasite) and organic in the structure of gilsonite. Most of these impurities are interlocked with gilsonite in size fractions smaller than 105 µm. The size fraction of + 105 − 420 µm has a higher pure gilsonite (approximately 90%) than other size fractions. By specifying the gangue minerals with gilsonite and the manner and extent of their interlocking with gilsonite, + 75 − 420 µm size fraction selected to perform flotation tests. Flotation tests were performed using different reagents including collector (Gas oil, Kerosene and Pine oil), frother (MIBC) and depressant (sodium silicate, tannic acid, sulfuric acid and sodium cyanide) in different dosages. Based on the results, the use of kerosene collector, MIBC frother and a mixture of sodium silicate, tannic acid, sulfuric acid and sodium cyanide depressant had the most favorable results in gilsonite flotation in the rougher stage. Cleaner and recleaner flotation stages for the rougher flotation concentrate resulted in a product with an ash content of 4.89%. Due to the interlocking of gilsonite with impurities in size fractions − 105 µm, it is better to re-grinding the concentrate of the rougher stage beforehand flotation in the cleaner and recleaner stages. Finally, based on the results of mineralogical studies and processing tests, a processing flowsheet including crushing and initial granulation of gilsonite, flotation in rougher, cleaner and recleaner stages has been proposed to produce gilsonite concentrate with < 5% ash content.

scholarly journals A Methodology Based on FT-IR Data Combined with Random Forest Model to Generate Spectralprints for the Characterization of High-Quality Vinegars

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1411
Author(s):  
José Luis P. Calle ◽  
Marta Ferreiro-González ◽  
Ana Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Gerardo F. Barbero ◽  
José Á. Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Ft Ir

Sherry wine vinegar is a Spanish gourmet product under Protected Designation of Origin (PDO). Before a vinegar can be labeled as Sherry vinegar, the product must meet certain requirements as established by its PDO, which, in this case, means that it has been produced following the traditional solera and criadera ageing system. The quality of the vinegar is determined by many factors such as the raw material, the acetification process or the aging system. For this reason, mainly producers, but also consumers, would benefit from the employment of effective analytical tools that allow precisely determining the origin and quality of vinegar. In the present study, a total of 48 Sherry vinegar samples manufactured from three different starting wines (Palomino Fino, Moscatel, and Pedro Ximénez wine) were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopic data were combined with unsupervised exploratory techniques such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), as well as other nonparametric supervised techniques, namely, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), for the characterization of the samples. The HCA and PCA results present a clear grouping trend of the vinegar samples according to their raw materials. SVM in combination with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) successfully classified 100% of the samples, according to the type of wine used for their production. The RF method allowed selecting the most important variables to develop the characteristic fingerprint (“spectralprint”) of the vinegar samples according to their starting wine. Furthermore, the RF model reached 100% accuracy for both LOOCV and out-of-bag (OOB) sets.

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