scholarly journals Enlarging the genetic diversity of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) by crossing with spring oilseed rape (SOSR)

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Alice Gourrion ◽  
Clara Simon ◽  
Patrick Vallée ◽  
Régine Delourme ◽  
Sébastien Chatre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
National Research Institute ◽  
Winter Type ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Spring Type

From 1970 to nowadays, breeders have improved oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in many ways: creation of double low varieties (free of erucic acid and with a low content in glucosinolates), increase of the seed yield and quality of seeds and improvement of resistance to diseases. All this work helped oilseed rape to become one of the most produced oilseed crop in the world. However, this intensive breeding on quality has reduced the genetic diversity of winter oilseed rape. In this study, a group of four breeding companies (RAGT, Limagrain, Syngenta, Euralis) called “GIE Colza” has been working with INRAE (National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, France) on the FSRSO project “Printiver”. This project aimed at enlarging the genetic variability available in winter-type oilseed rape through crossing with spring-type materials to create lines with a winter-type behavior (need of vernalization) and a genetic background that has introgressed spring-type genetic diversity. Two pools have been created and selected for their need of vernalization, date of flowering, yield and other agronomic traits. The Group tested these two pools in multilocal trials. The results show interesting per se value and combining ability.

scholarly journals Contrasting Patterns of Colonization with Verticillium longisporum in Winter- and Spring-Type Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus) in the Field and Greenhouse and the Role of Soil Temperature

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 2090-2099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zheng ◽  
Annette Pfordt ◽  
Laxman Khatri ◽  
Alice Bisola Eseola ◽  
Antonia Wilch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Winter Type ◽  
Spring Type

Oilseed rape, an important source of vegetable plant oil, is threatened by Verticillium longisporum, a soil-borne vascular fungal pathogen so far occurring in oilseed rape growing regions in Europe and Canada. Despite intensive research into V. longisporum in the last decades in controlled conditions, basic knowledge is still lacking about the time course of infection, temporal pattern of colonization, and disease development on field-grown plants. In this study, colonization of roots, stem bases, and stems with V. longisporum was followed by real-time PCR from the seedling until mature plant stages in 2-year field experiments with microsclerotia-infested plots and either spring-type or autumn-sown (winter-type) oilseed rape cultivars. The temporal pattern of plant colonization differed between greenhouse and field-grown oilseed rape and between spring- and winter-type plants in the field. Within 28 to 35 days, a continuous systemic colonization with V. longisporum was detected in roots and shoots of young plants in the greenhouse associated with significant stunting. In contrast, real-time PCR analysis of V. longisporum in field-grown winter oilseed rape plants displayed a strongly discontinuous colonization pattern with low fungal growth in roots during juvenile growth stages until flowering, whereas in spring oilseed rape, no root colonization was observed until early flowering stages. Hence, stem colonization with the pathogen required 6 months in winter oilseed rape and 1 month in spring oilseed rape from the time of initial root infection. The different patterns of stem colonization were related to soil temperature. Average soil temperatures in 5-cm depth during 7 days before sampling time points from 2 years of field experiments displayed a significant relationship with fungal colonization in the root. A climate chamber inoculation trial with soil temperature levels that varied from 6 to 18°C revealed a threshold temperature of >12°C in the soil to enable root invasion. This soil condition is reached in winter-type oilseed rape in the field in Germany either until the eight-leaf stage in early autumn or after pod stage in spring, whereas in spring-sown oilseed rape early root infection is delayed owing to the cool conditions during juvenile growth stages. The delay of stem colonization in field-grown oilseed rape may explain the lack of stunting as observed in the greenhouse and the previously reported inconsistent effects of V. longisporum on yield levels and seed quality, which were confirmed in this study.

Yield and quality of winter oilseed rape in response to different systems of foliar fertilization

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jankowski ◽  
Piotr Żarczyński ◽  
Sławomir Krzebietke ◽  
Krzysztof Jankowski ◽  
Piotr Stanisław Hulanicki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Potential for Seed Transmission of Verticillium longisporum in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1843-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zheng ◽  
Daniel Teshome Lopisso ◽  
Alice Bisola Eseola ◽  
Birger Koopmann ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Field Inoculation ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum ◽  
Winter Type ◽  
Spring Type

Verticillium longisporum is a soilborne vascular fungal pathogen that has spread throughout the European oilseed rape cultivation area since the 1980s and was detected in canola fields in Canada in 2014. In a series of greenhouse and field inoculation experiments using V. longisporum-resistant and susceptible cultivars of winter and spring types of oilseed rape, the present study investigated the potential of V. longisporum dissemination by seeds of Brassica napus. Greenhouse inoculation studies with a DsRed-labeled isolate of V. longisporum confirmed the systemic growth of the pathogen from roots to seeds. Further monitoring of plant colonization in the greenhouse with a species-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction assay verified the pathogen growth from roots to stem bases, pods, and seeds in root-inoculated plants. The frequency of recovery of viable colonies of V. longisporum from seeds harvested from greenhouse-grown inoculated plants ranged from 0.08 to 13.3%. The frequency of seed transmission in the greenhouse differed in oilseed rape cultivars varying in susceptibility to V. longisporum. Subsequent studies on transmission of the disease into the offspring revealed that only 1.7 to 2.3% of plants showed disease symptoms as confirmed by the formation of microsclerotia in the stems. Results from field-grown plants differed from the greenhouse studies. The degree of seed transmission in the field was dependent on the crop type. Although only low concentrations of DNA of V. longisporum were detectable in seeds harvested from severely infected winter oilseed rape, significantly greater concentrations of fungal DNA were found in seeds of spring-type oilseed rape, at similar soil conditions and inoculum densities. Correspondingly, plating seeds that were harvested from infected plants on agar yielded viable V. longisporum colonies only from seeds of the spring-type but not of the winter-type plants. Lack of seed infection in the winter-type crop was confirmed in two seasons. Equally, none of the offspring grown from seeds from severely diseased winter oilseed rape plants developed symptoms of Verticillium stem striping. The results suggest that the rate of seed transmission of V. longisporum depends on the degree of plant colonization, which is significantly faster under greenhouse than field conditions and in a spring-sown crop compared with an autumn-sown oilseed rape crop. According to our studies, disease transmission by seeds from European winter oilseed rape production cannot be confirmed.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of winter rape seeds depending on the method of sowing and sowing norms in the conditions of the right bank

1970 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
S.S. Yurchuk
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Winter Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Winter Rapeseed ◽  
The Right

Purpose. Revealing the dependence of the formation of high yield and quality indicators of winter seeds on the influence of the level of intensification of the cultivation technology in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the Right Bank. Methods The results of the conducted researches on the influence of the sowing method, sowing norms of winter rape on its seed productivity are given. The prospect of expanding the sown areas of winter oilseed rape, actualizes research to identify the dependence of the formation of high yields and quality indicators of winter oilseed rape from the influence of the level of intensification of cultivation technology. The research methods used in the field experiment correspond to the methods of field experiments and guidelines. The experiment was established by the method of split sites. Winter rapeseed cultivar Antaria of Ukrainian selection and Exagon hybrid of foreign selection were used for sowing. The generally accepted technology of growing winter rape for the area where the research was conducted was used. Results. The results of the research on the influence of sowing method, sowing norms of winter oilseed rape on its seed productivity show that the highest yield of winter oilseed rape seeds was obtained by sowing ordinary row with a row spacing of 15 cm, and sowing rate in the variety - 0.8 million seeds /ha, hybrid - 0.6 million seeds / ha. It is established that the method of sowing and sowing norms affect the quality of winter rape. The optimal sowing rate of winter rapeseed is for the variety - 0.8 million similar seeds per 1 ha, for the hybrid - 0.6 million similar seeds per 1 ha, when sown in the usual row method with a row spacing of 15 cm. Conclusions. It was found that the highest oil content in winter rapeseed was - 46.98% for sowing in a wide row with a row spacing of 45 cm. Also, this method of sowing was determined by the lowest (0.39%) content of erucic acid, while the content of glucosinolates for this method of sowing was higher (33.1 μmol / g) compared to the usual method of sowing.

scholarly journals Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Agronomic Traits, Essential Oil and Components under Semi-Arid Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Gulen Ozyazici
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Biological Yield

Environmental contamination and the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers resulting in stagnant yields of field crops which necessitate the utilization of combined fertilization approach under changing climatic conditions. Current study was aimed to clarify the influence of several fertilizer sources (chemical, organic, organomineral fertilizers) on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The results revealed that the fertilizer sources significantly affected the yield of coriander cultivars. The absence of “Year x Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions for any of the noted parameters signaled that the detected “Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions were constant regardless of the year factor. The recorded values of traits according to fertilizer sources different for the plant height from 61.85 to 69.67 cm, number of branches from 5.98 to 7.71 (piece/plant), number of umbels per the main umbel from 5.62 to 7.18 pieces, seed yield from 1.06 to 1.66 t/ha, the biological yield from 4.29 to 5.70 t ha−1, harvest index from 25.29 to 29.41%, essential oil ratio from 0.29 to 0.33%, and essential oil yield from 3.1 to 5.6 L ha−1. Erbaa variety was observed to be superior over the rest of the varieties producing the maximum values of 6.5 L ha−1 of essential oil, 0.36% essential oil content, 30.9% harvest index, 1.81 t/ha seed yield, and 5.9 t ha−1 biological yield with the treatment of chemical fertilizers.

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