Metabolic impact of dietary lipids: towards a role of unabsorbed lipid residues?

The metabolic impact of dietary lipids needs to be considered beyond the fatty acid profile and energetic value of such lipids. Fatty acids are the building blocks of the different lipid molecules, including triacylglycerols and phospholipids, which are organized within various supramolecular structures such as emulsion droplets. These structures can also be naturally present or incorporated a posteriori in different food matrices. Gut health including its barrier function and microbiota is now recognized as a major player in cardiometabolic health. Even if more than 95% of dietary lipids are absorbed by the intestine to reach the bloodstream within the chylomicrons, a small proportion that is not absorbed is however able to interact with the microbiota and the cells of the distal intestine. The present non-exhaustive review will summarize briefly recent work on the impact of dietary lipids on absorption and their metabolic fate in the intestine, in particular on endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation related to obesity. Functional lipids are important ingredients used in food formulation and recent work has revealed the potential impact of some food emulsifiers on metabolism and inflammation in rodents in line with intestinal effects. Of particular interest in this review will be also recent findings on the benefits of dairy polar lipids on human lipid metabolism and their beneficial effects on metabolic inflammation in preclinical models. The review will also address the underlying mechanisms related to the metabolic fate of specific lipids such as sphingomyelin in the distal intestine, the microbiota and some actors of the intestinal barrier. Finally, these recent findings will be considered in the concept of the “food matrix effect” opening perspectives in the nutritional management of metabolic disorders.

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Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9091862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1862

Author(s):

Anne-Sophie Boucard ◽

Myriam Thomas ◽

Wilfried Lebon ◽

Bruno Polack ◽

Isabelle Florent ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Giardia Intestinalis ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Low Grade ◽

Giardia Cyst ◽

Gut Health ◽

Time Points ◽

The Impact

Giardia intestinalis is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition may impact on the health of the host. While studies on the mouse model of giardiosis described the role of the gut microbiota in host susceptibility to infection by the parasite, little is known about the gut microbiota during natural infections in dogs and particularly in puppies. In this study, we monitored naturally G. intestinalis-infected puppies for 3 months and quantified cyst excretion every 2 weeks. All puppies remained subclinically infected during the sampling period as confirmed by fecal examination. In parallel, we performed 16S Illumina sequencing of fecal samples from the different time points to assess the impact of G. intestinalis infection on gut microbiota development of the puppies, as well as gut health markers of immunity such as fecal IgA and calprotectin. Sequencing results revealed that the canine fecal microbiota of Giardia-infected puppies becomes more complex and less diverse with increasing age. In addition, significant differences in the structure of the microbiota were observed between puppies with high and low Giardia cyst excretion. Chronic subclinical G. intestinalis infection appears to be associated with some detrimental structural changes in the gut microbiota. G. intestinalis-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an enrichment of facultative anaerobic, mucus-degrading, pro-inflammatory species and opportunistic pathogens, as well as a reduction of Lactobacillus johnsonii at specific time points. Calprotectin levels increased with age, suggesting the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation in puppies. Further work is needed to demonstrate whether these alterations in the canine gut microbiota could lead to a dysbiosis-related disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Apigenin Alleviates Obesity-Associated Metabolic Syndrome by Regulating the Composition of the Gut Microbiome

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.805827 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yuan Qiao ◽

Zhichun Zhang ◽

Yuanyuan Zhai ◽

Xu Yan ◽

Wenling Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Weight ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Low Grade ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Gut Health ◽

The Impact

The gut microbiota, often viewed as a “digestive organ,” can influence the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Diet is significantly important in shaping the structure and modulating the function of the gut microbiota. Apigenin (Api) widely exists in fruits and vegetables as a naturally occurring flavonoid and has anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Its low bioavailability means it has enough time to interact with the intestine thus becomes a potential substrate for the gut intestine; thus, contributing to gut health. Here, we show that Api reduces whole-body weight, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Our results reflect that Api supplementation can substantially improve intestinal dysbiosis triggered by HFD and restores gut barrier damage by alleviating metabolic endotoxemia. Augmentation of Akkermansia and Incertae_Sedis along with reduction of Faecalibaculum and Dubosiella at the genus level potentially mediated the protective effects of Api on metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we show that the impact of Api on the reduction of body weight and the modification of gut microbiota could be transferred from Api-administered mice to HFD-feeding mice via horizontal fecal microbiota transplantation. Taken together, our data highlight the prebiotic role of Api and show its contribution to the restraint of gut dysbiosis and metabolic deterioration associated with obesity in mice.

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Constructing well-being from hedonic building blocks: Evidence that depression distorts the impact of daily pleasure and pain

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e529412014-209 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Michael F. Steger ◽

Todd B. Kashdan ◽

Shigehiro Oishi

Keyword(s):

Well Being ◽

Building Blocks ◽

The Impact

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Mechanically-Tunable Quantum Interference in Ferrocene-Based Single-Molecule Junctions

10.26434/chemrxiv.12252059 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

María Camarasa-Gómez ◽

Daniel Hernangómez-Pérez ◽

Michael S. Inkpen ◽

Giacomo Lovat ◽

E-Dean Fung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Molecule ◽

Quantum Interference ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Ferrocene Derivative ◽

Single Molecule Junctions ◽

Molecule Junction ◽

Single Molecule Junction ◽

The Impact ◽

D Orbitals

Ferrocenes are ubiquitous organometallic building blocks that comprise a Fe atom sandwiched between two cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rings that rotate freely at room temperature. Of widespread interest in fundamental studies and real-world applications, they have also attracted some interest as functional elements of molecular-scale devices. Here we investigate the impact of the configurational degrees of freedom of a ferrocene derivative on its single-molecule junction conductance. Measurements indicate that the conductance of the ferrocene derivative, which is suppressed by two orders of magnitude as compared to a fully conjugated analog, can be modulated by altering the junction configuration. Ab initio transport calculations show that the low conductance is a consequence of destructive quantum interference effects that arise from the hybridization of metal-based d-orbitals and the ligand-based π-system. By rotating the Cp rings, the hybridization, and thus the quantum interference, can be mechanically controlled, resulting in a conductance modulation that is seen experimentally.

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Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa

PHILANTHROPY Journal of Psychology ◽

10.26623/philanthropy.v3i2.1622 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Suwarno Suwarno

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Academic Success ◽

Service Learning ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

School Effectiveness ◽

Social Trust ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Learning Model ◽

Committee Report ◽

The Impact

Abstract. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model to improve student learning outcomes. This research is important because the lecture learning model makes learning meaningless so it impacts on low learning outcomes. This research uses quasi experiment using control class and experimental class. Respondents in this study were students of class X SMK 8 Semarang Academic Year 2017/2018. Sample selection using random sampling, class X1 is used as a control class and X2 is an experimental class. The experimental class was given an intervention by learning Teams Games Tournaments (TGT), while the control class used lecture learning. The effectiveness of the model was measured by the student test analysis method. then analyzed by completeness test and average difference test. The findings of this study are the learning outcomes of experimental class students achieving better learning outcomes than classes using the lecture method.Keywords: Learning Model, Teams Games Tournaments (TGT). Students Daftar Pustaka Bofota, Y. B., & Bofota, Y. B. (2017). The impact of social capital on children educational outcomes : the case of Tanzania The impact of social capital on children educational outcomes : The case of Tanzania.Cahuc, P., Shleifer, A., & Algan, Y. (2014). Teaching Practices and Social Capital. (6052).Catts, R., & Ozga, J. (2015). What is Social Capital and how might it be used in Scotland ’ s Schools ? (36).Flint, N. (2017). Full report Schools , communities and social capital : building blocks in the ’ Big Society ’ Contents.Goddard, R. D. (2016). Relational Networks , Social Trust , and Norms : A Social Capital Perspective on Students ’ Chances of Academic Success. 25(1), 59–74.Eddy Prasongko, 2017. Team Game Tournament. Bandung. Jawa BaratEndang Poerwanti, dkk. 2008. Asesmen Pembelajaran SD. Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan NasionalHargreaves, A. (2015). School Social Capital and School Effectiveness. 37, 119–136.Kurnia, Inggridwati. dkk. 2018. Perkembangan belajar peserta didik. Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan NasionalPurwanto. M Ngalim. 2015. Psikologi Pendidikan. Bandung: PT Remaja RosdakaryaSiddiq, M. Djauhar. 2018. Pengembangan Bahan Pembelajaran SD. Jakarta: Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.Sugiyono, 2005. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan Rn D, Bandung AftabetaLash, D., & Belfiore, G. (2017). 5 Essentials in Building Social Capital Report 4 of the MyWays Student Success Series. (October).Mikiewicz, P., Jonasson, J. T., Gudmundsson, G., Blondal, K. S., & Korczewska, D. M. (2011). Comparative research between Poland and Iceland.Schlesselman, L., Borrego, M., Bloom, T. J., Mehta, B., Drobitch, R. K., & Smith, T. (2015). An Assessment Of Service-Learning In 34 US Schools Of Pharmacy Follow Up On The 2001 Professional Affairs Committee Report. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 79(8). https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe798116

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Development of Strategies for Glycopeptide Synthesis: An Overview on the Glycosidic Linkage

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272824999200701121037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 2475-2497

Author(s):

Andrea Verónica Rodríguez-Mayor ◽

German Jesid Peralta-Camacho ◽

Karen Johanna Cárdenas-Martínez ◽

Javier Eduardo García-Castañeda

Keyword(s):

Chemical Synthesis ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Heterogeneous Environments ◽

Phase Synthesis ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Biological Sources ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

The Impact ◽

Potential Use

Glycoproteins and glycopeptides are an interesting focus of research, because of their potential use as therapeutic agents, since they are related to carbohydrate-carbohydrate, carbohydrate-protein, and carbohydrate-lipid interactions, which are commonly involved in biological processes. It has been established that natural glycoconjugates could be an important source of templates for the design and development of molecules with therapeutic applications. However, isolating large quantities of glycoconjugates from biological sources with the required purity is extremely complex, because these molecules are found in heterogeneous environments and in very low concentrations. As an alternative to solving this problem, the chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates has been developed. In this context, several methods for the synthesis of glycopeptides in solution and/or solid-phase have been reported. In most of these methods, glycosylated amino acid derivatives are used as building blocks for both solution and solid-phase synthesis. The synthetic viability of glycoconjugates is a critical parameter for allowing their use as drugs to mitigate the impact of microbial resistance and/or cancer. However, the chemical synthesis of glycoconjugates is a challenge, because these molecules possess multiple reaction sites and have a very specific stereochemistry. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement synthetic routes, which may involve various protection schemes but can be stereoselective, environmentally friendly, and high-yielding. This review focuses on glycopeptide synthesis by recapitulating the progress made over the last 15 years.

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Consumption of Select Dietary Emulsifiers Exacerbates the Development of Spontaneous Intestinal Adenoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22052602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 2602

Author(s):

Emilie Viennois ◽

Benoit Chassaing

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Low Grade ◽

Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽

Cancer Initiation ◽

And Function ◽

The Impact ◽

Chronic Intestinal Inflammation ◽

Low Grade Inflammation ◽

Intestinal Adenoma

Inflammation is a well-characterized critical driver of gastrointestinal cancers. Previous findings have shown that intestinal low-grade inflammation can be promoted by the consumption of select dietary emulsifiers, ubiquitous component of processed foods which alter the composition and function of the gut microbiota. Using a model of colitis-associated cancer, we previously reported that consumption of the dietary emulsifiers carboxymethylcellulose or polysorbate-80 exacerbated colonic tumor development. Here, we investigate the impact of dietary emulsifiers consumption on cancer initiation and progression in a genetical model of intestinal adenomas. In APCmin mice, we observed that dietary emulsifiers consumption enhanced small-intestine tumor development in a way that appeared to be independent of chronic intestinal inflammation but rather associated with emulsifiers’ impact on the proliferative status of the intestinal epithelium as well as on intestinal microbiota composition in both male and female mice. Overall, our findings further support the hypothesis that emulsifier consumption may be a new modifiable risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) and that alterations in host–microbiota interactions can favor gastrointestinal carcinogenesis in individuals with a genetical predisposition to such disorders.

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QOL-36. USE OF CANNABINOIDS IN THE PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMOR POPULATION

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii438-iii438

Author(s):

Kathleen Dorris ◽

Jessica Channell ◽

Ashley Mettetal ◽

Molly Hemenway ◽

Natalie Briones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cell Activity ◽

Cns Tumors ◽

Low Grade ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Central Nervous System Tumor ◽

The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are a class of compounds found in marijuana. Numerous studies in adults have examined cannabinoid use in management of cancer-related symptoms such as nausea, anorexia, and pain. Less is known about the use in the pediatric oncology population. METHODS A prospective observational study has been ongoing since 2016 at Children’s Hospital Colorado to evaluate cannabinoids’ impact using PedsQL™ modules on quality of life of pediatric patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors who are 2–18 years old. Laboratory assessments of T-cell activity and pharmacokinetics of CBD, THC and associated metabolites are in process. Diaries with exploratory information on cannabinoid use patterns are being collected. RESULTS Thirty-three patients (14:19; male:female) have been enrolled with a median age of 6.4 years (range, 2.9–17.7 years). The most common tumor type in enrolled patients is embryonal tumors (13/33; 39%). Nine (27%) patients have low-grade glial/glioneuronal tumors, and eight (24%) had high-grade/diffuse midline gliomas. The remaining patients had ependymoma or craniopharyngioma. The median time on cannabinoids is 9 months. Most (n=20) patients have used oral products with CBD and THC. One patient continues on cannabinoid therapy in follow up. Preliminary immune function analyses identified impaired neutrophil superoxide anion production and chemotaxis in patients taking cannabinoids at early time points on therapy. CONCLUSIONS Families of children with various CNS tumors are pursuing cannabinoid therapy for both antitumor and supportive care purposes. Analysis of the impact of cannabinoids on patients’ quality of life is ongoing.

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A Retrospective Experience of Helicobacter pylori Histology in a Large Sample of Subjects in Northern Italy

Life ◽

10.3390/life11070650 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 650

Author(s):

Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone ◽

Carlo Zurlo ◽

Sharmila Fagoonee ◽

Chiara Rosso ◽

Angelo Armandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Data ◽

Signet Ring Cell ◽

Current Data ◽

Low Grade ◽

Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma ◽

Significant Difference ◽

H Pylori ◽

The Impact

Updated data about the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and its correlation with histological results are scarce. The aim of our study was to provide current data on the impact of H. pylori in a third-level endoscopy service. We performed a large, retrospective study analyzing the results of all histological samples of gastroscopy from the year 2019. In total, 1512 subjects were included. The prevalence of H. pylori was 16.8%. A significant difference between the prevalence in subjects born in Italy and those from eastern Europe, south America, or Africa was found (p < 0.0001, p = 0.006, and p = 0.0006, respectively). An association was found between H. pylori and active superficial gastritis (p < 0.0001). Current H. pylori and/or a previous finding of H. pylori was related to antral atrophy (p < 0.0001). Fifteen patients had low-grade dysplasia. There were no statistically significant associations with current or past H. pylori infection. One patient presented gastric cardia adenocarcinoma with regular gastric mucosa. One patient, H. pylori positive, was diagnosed with gastric signet ring cell adenocarcinoma in a setting of diffuse atrophy, without metaplasia.. Our study provides updated, solid (biopsy diagnosis and large population) data on the prevalence of H. pylori infection in a representative region of southern Europe.

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TissueCypher Barrett’s esophagus assay impacts clinical decisions in the management of patients with Barrett’s esophagus

Endoscopy International Open ◽

10.1055/a-1326-1533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 09 (03) ◽

pp. E348-E355

Author(s):

David L. Diehl ◽

Harshit S. Khara ◽

Nasir Akhtar ◽

Rebecca J. Critchley-Thorne

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Barrett’S Esophagus ◽

Barrett's Esophagus ◽

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Eradication Therapy ◽

Low Risk ◽

Management Approach ◽

Low Grade ◽

Management Decisions ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background and study aims The TissueCypher Barrett’s Esophagus Assay is a novel tissue biomarker test, and has been validated to predict progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of TissueCypher on clinical decision-making in the management of BE. Patients and methods TissueCypher was ordered for 60 patients with non-dysplastic (ND, n = 18) BE, indefinite for dysplasia (IND, n = 25), and low-grade dysplasia (LGD, n = 17). TissueCypher reports a risk class (low, intermediate or high) for progression to HGD or EAC within 5 years. The impact of the test results on BE management decisions was assessed. Results Fifty-two of 60 patients were male, mean age 65.2 ± 11.8, and 43 of 60 had long segment BE. TissueCypher results impacted 55.0 % of management decisions. In 21.7 % of patients, the test upstaged the management approach, resulting in endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) or shorter surveillance interval. The test downstaged the management approach in 33.4 % of patients, leading to surveillance rather than EET. In the subset of patients whose management plan was changed, upstaging was associated with a high-risk TissueCypher result, and downstaging was associated with a low-risk result (P < 0.0001). Conclusions TissueCypher was used as an adjunct to support a surveillance-only approach in 33.4 % of patients. Upstaging occurred in 21.7 % of patients, leading to therapeutic intervention or increased surveillance. These results indicate that the TissueCypher test may enable physicians to target EET for TissueCypher high-risk BE patients, while reducing unnecessary procedures in TissueCypher low-risk patients.

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