scholarly journals Global field, local approach − 20th century Polish education comparativists and their works

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 01031
Author(s):  
Anna Włoch ◽  
Justyna Wojniak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Comparative Education ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Global Field ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
History Of

Comparative education as a pedagogical subdiscipline has developed in Poland in close connection with the history of education from the very beginning. The paper analyzes the main publications of leading Polish pedagogues of the 20th century, and the research has been based on source analysis. The aim of the paper is to present the achievements of Polish comparativists of 20th century and their contribution to the development of comparative education as a global field of research. The authors attempt to answer the question concerning the political context of Polish 20th century education comparativists' work, as scientific activity in Middle and Eastern Europe after World War II was strongly involved in political and. ideological terms. The result of the research is an indication of the participation of Polish pedagogues in an international community of researchers and Polish contribution to the development of comparative pedagogy as a scientific discipline.

An uncertain life

1994 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Atomic Energy ◽  
Werner Heisenberg ◽  
World War ◽  
Fundamental Physics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Farm Hall

David C. Cassidy, Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg . W.H. Freeman and Co., New York, 1991. $29.95, pp. xii + 669. ISBN 071672 2437 There is wit and double meaning in the title of this book. In the future, say 200 years hence, anyone who can name ten scientists of the 20th century will rather surely include the name of Heisenberg in the list, and couple it with the Uncertainty Principle, even if by then it is only taken to mark a stage in the history of the development of fundamental physics. And, for the present, any journalist writing about Heisenberg is likely to be dealing with uncertainty regarding the facts of German work on atomic energy during World War II (very probably under a headline referring to ‘Heisenberg’s bomb’), and regarding Heisenberg’s attitude to politics, and to the ethics of doing such work under the nazis. Cassidy’s book was written before the publication of the story of the secretlyrecorded conversations in 1945 of Heisenberg and other German scientists, in Operation Epsilon: the Farm Hall Transcripts (Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol and Philadelphia, 1993), now back-translated into German* with an informative interview with C.F. von Weizsäcker. * Dieter Hoffmann, Operation Epsilon: Die Farm Hall Protokolle oder Die Angst der Allierten vor der deutschen Atombombe . Rowohlt, Berlin, September 1993.

scholarly journals Mikhail Kuzmich Geykin and his contribution to development of scientific and applied questions of maxillofacial surgery and stomatology (to the 120 anniversary since birth)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-223
Author(s):  
A K Iordanishvili
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of

Materials on the history of military medicine are presented, maxillofacial surgery and dentistry in connection with the 120th birthday of a prominent maxillofacial surgeon and dentist, one of the patriarchs of Russian dentistry, a World War II veteran, doctor of medical sciences, assistant professor, colonel of the medical service Mikhail Kuzmich Geikin, who was at the forefront of Russian dentistry and was among the first to create Russian military dentistry and maxillofacial surgery. The data on the formation of M.K. Geikin as a military doctor, dentist and maxillofacial surgeon, his military career during the Soviet-Finnish and World War II. Turning to life, professional and social activities M.K. Geikin, you can find not only interesting scientific facts from the history of military medicine, dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, but also analogies with the present, answers to many clinical problems of the specialty and medicine of today. The main directions of his scientific activity, which touched on the issues of almost all sections of dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, are noted. Being the first adjunct of the Department of Odontology of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, a major research scientist, he contributed to the development of the first Russian theory of dental caries and the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases, one of the first to study the aviation aspects of military dentistry, and to develop new methods for temporary and therapeutic immobilization of jaw fragments in injuries and injuries of the maxillofacial region. He created a technique for intravital capillaroscopy and capillarography, did a lot for use in dentistry auriculodiagnostics and acupuncture, proposed a device for searching for biologically active points on the human body - tobiskop Geikina. M.K. Geykin did not create his own scientific school, but being one of the founders of Russian dentistry in Russia, including military dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, he should rightfully be recognized as one of the patriarchs of military medicine, dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.

scholarly journals Aspectos Históricos da Educação Ambiental: do Global ao Local / Historical Aspects of Environmental Education: from Global to Local

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 478-501
Author(s):  
Aldenir De Araujo Saraiva ◽  
Stephannie Bispo Buonaduce ◽  
Hesler Piedade Caffé Filho ◽  
Denes Dantas Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

 Resumo: A educação ambiental nasce da emergência ecológica planetária, ou seja, do contexto da educação, como uma demanda de seu ambiente, visto que os recursos ambientais são finitos, limitados e estão intrinsecamente inter-relacionados. Podemos dizer que a história da Educação Ambiental está ligada ao movimento ambientalista, que surge discretamente no início do século XX, mas foi, a partir da segunda metade do século XX, após as décadas de 1940 e 1950, que foi sendo impulsionado por vários eventos, como o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial e os diversos avanços tecnológicos. Este estudo discute aspectos históricos da Educação Ambiental com base em pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a temática. Concluiu-se que a educação para o desenvolvimento sustentável ainda representa um grande desafio, seja nacional, seja mundial. Políticas públicas que possam mitigar tais lacunas devem ser incentivadas e apoiadas, para que tenhamos m futuro com maior qualidade de vida para a humanidade. Palavras-chave: Aspectos históricos; Educação Ambiental; Desenvolvimento sustentável.  Abstract: Environmental education is born from the planetary ecological emergency, that is, from the context of education, as a demand of its environment, since environmental resources are finite, limited and are intrinsically interrelated.  We can say that the history of Environmental Education is linked to the environmental movement, which emerged discreetly at the beginning of the 20th century, but it was, from the second half of the 20th century, after the 1940s and 1950s, that it was driven by various events , such as the end of World War II and the various technological advances.  This study discusses historical aspects of Environmental Education based on bibliographical research on the subject.  It was concluded that education for sustainable development still represents a great challenge, whether national or global.  Public policies that can mitigate these gaps must be encouraged and supported, so that we have a future with a better quality of life for humanity.  Keywords: Historical aspects;  Environmental education;  Sustainable development.

scholarly journals Psychiatry at the end of the 20th century

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Heimann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
The Political ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Tunnel Vision ◽  
Psychopathological Disorders

SummaryThe political role psychiatry plays in mental health strategies in the 20th century is discussed as well as the dangers of abuse when totalitarian ideologies rule supreme. The author comments on positive developments in the sectors of applied psychiatry and psychotherapy after World War II and the implementation of uniform requirements for the classification of psychopathological disorders as well as their limitations. Psychiatry as a scientific discipline relies on two fundaments: the conclusions drawn from the collective, present and past experience of psychiatric medicine and the impulses given by neighbouring disciplines such as neurobiology, psychology and sociology. These influences are necessary for the advancement of psychiatry, but can be restrictive in that they lead to tunnel vision by giving simple explanations for mental disorders of complex or unknown etiology. A multidimensional approach is required for the elaboration of adequate therapies and research must avoid dogmatism and short-sightedness.

Measurements in the Future: Beyond the 20th Century

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Merenda
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World War ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of

This article presents a brief history of psychometrics and the development in the USA shortly after the end of World War II of university graduate programs to educate and train psychometricians. Three decades later these programs in North America were on a steady decline. But, at the same time there was a surge in universities abroad in producing well-trained psychometricians, particularly in Western European countries, especially The Netherlands. Broad implications of the effect of this movement on psychological testing are suggested.

scholarly journals A videóinterjús tanórák hatásai a II. világháború középiskolai történelemoktatásában

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-99
Author(s):  
Benjámin Dávid
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Classroom Education ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

The societies of the countries underwent many difficulties during the history of the 20th century. During World War II, in addition to the military loss of the country, there was a significant loss of civilian population. Due to the changed political circumstances after the war, the processing of these events at the individual, community, and social levels didn’t take place. The research of the MTA–SZTE Oral History and History Education Research Team (2016– 2020) focuses on how to include video interview details with people who have experienced the turning points in the Hungarian history of the 20th century and how to include them in classroom education. Concerning these the classes supplemented with a video details undergoes appropriate (subject-pedagogical) methodological preparation. In my study I examine that Hungary’s participation in the Second World War working group working within a research group how well the classes compiled, supplemented by life-course interviews, attracted the attention of the students, helped them understand the curriculum and its contexts, and what conveyed values to the students.

Analysis, Intelligence, and Targeting in Strategic Air Operations

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Phillip S. Meilinger
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
Strategic Bombing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strategic Thought

This chapter recounts the history of Operations Research, intelligence, and their effects on the strategic bombing campaigns of World War II and beyond. Airmen use different weapons employed against different targets to achieve different results than do soldiers or sailors. These necessary differences—the result of the mediums in which they operate—are characterized by airmen’s attempts to most effectively and efficiently injure Nazi Germany and Japan. Few situations better illustrate how the services employ different prisms through which to view war, which in turn shapes their strategic thought. Airmen confronted questions on what targets should be struck and how this could be done most effectively. Operations Research was established as a scientific discipline to address these types of questions. Unfortunately, neither the intelligence apparatus nor the technology necessary to measure the effects of air attacks were available, nor was the analytical framework then in place to allow proper measurement. These breakthroughs did not occur until the 1990s.

The History of Reading in Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Buckridge
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Reading Practices ◽  
World War ◽  
Australian Society ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
History Of

A history of reading in Australia needs to go beyond the question of what Australians have read in the course of their history (though this question in itself is important) to tackle the more elusive question of how they have read. This question implies a recognition that reading is not a single, uniform activity but a congeries of “literate techniques” that are spread unevenly across the reading population at any given moment, and that are themselves subject to evolution and change as new cultural, political, and educational pressures exert their influence on how people read. The multiplicity and heterogeneity of reading practices are especially evident in the first half of the 20th century, particularly between World War I and World War II when reading itself came to be problematized as never before by the rise of advertising, cinema, popular culture, and political propaganda. It is important too to consider the ways in which reading as an institution in its own right, something above and beyond both the texts being read and the activity of reading them, has developed historically. Here the question is not so much what people have read, or how, but why. What values—positive and negative—have been attributed to reading, by whom, and in association with what social ideals, purposes, and anxieties? Also relevant here is the changing place of reading in Australian society more broadly. In particular, its changing relationship with writing as a valued component of Australian culture is of interest.

„I nie tylko w powiastkach drzemie ta historia” – „Młyn Bałtaragisa” Kazysa Boruty: literatura jako medium pamięci

2021 ◽  
pp. 224-248
Author(s):  
Marcin Niemojewski
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Outstanding Work

“Whitehorn’s Windmill” is considered to be the most outstanding work of KazysBoruta and one of the most important Lithuanian novels of the 20th century. Thebook was written during World War II when the Lithuanian state became theobject of aggression of two totalitarian powers and lost independence for a longtime, and it has grown from the writer’s anxiety about the fate of his country and the persistence of Lithuanian identity. Hence, Boruta reached for the richresources of the native folklore, to evoke the mythologized image of theLithuanian village, which in Lithuanian literature has the rank of chronotope,and at the same time, it is an important component of Lithuanian imaginationabout the sources of national culture. The story, the meaning and functions of the“Whitehorn’s Windmill,” its genesis and post-war fate, its literary and non-literarycontexts, as well as the history of its reception, allow us to interpret the workfrom the perspective of reflection on literature as a medium of cultural memory.

scholarly journals Hiding in Plain Sight. Amy Suo Wu’s The Kandinsky

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 104-116
Author(s):  
Florian Cramer
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
World War ◽  
Wassily Kandinsky ◽  
Morse Code ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intelligence Officer

The history of 20th century painting conventionally identifies abstraction with modernism and the return of figuration with postmodernism. But abstraction ended much earlier, in a spy operation during World War II, when a British intelligence officer, in a stroke of genius, found abstract paintings to be the perfect carriers for secret messages transported across the ocean. For this purpose, he commissioned a painting to Wassily Kandinsky that included a secret message encoded – in the manner of flag signs or Morse code – into its seemingly abstract visual shapes. This anecdote explains steganography: the clever hiding of messages in other messages. Steganographic messages do not need to appear innocuous. At some point, militant jihadists were reported to run pornographic websites as a cover, using porn images for hidden communication. [...]

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