scholarly journals Comprehensive Study of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Classification based on Deep Convolution Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Miyuka Nakamura ◽  
Jiangkun Wang ◽  
Sinchhean Phea ◽  
Abderazek Ben Abdallah
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Software Implementation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Test Dataset ◽  
The World ◽  
Biomedical Diagnosis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Network Software ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has recently become a topic of study in different applications, including healthcare, in which timely detection of anomalies can play a vital role in patients health monitoring. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, colloquially known as the Coronavirus, disrupts large parts of the world. The standard way to test for COVID-19 is Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), which uses collected samples from the patient. This paper presents an efficient convolution neural network software implementation for COVID-19 and other pneumonia disease detection targeted for an AI-enabled smart biomedical diagnosis system (AIRBiS). From the evaluation results, we found that the classification accuracy of the abnormal (COVID-19 and pneumonia) test dataset is over 97.18%. On the other hand, the accuracy of the normal is no more than 71.37%. We discussed the possible problems and proposals for further optimization.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Re-infection vs Prolonged Viral Shedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Barohn ◽  
Mary Hindle ◽  
Lauren Peck ◽  
Syed Hasan Raza Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spread Of Infection

  Since December 2019, COVID 19 pandemic has devastated communities across the world. As number of patients recovered from COVID 19 continue to rise, question of acquired immunity versus chances of re-infection becomes critical to understand the future spread of infection. Here, we present a case of a patient previously recovered from COVID-19, develops new symptoms concerning for possible re-infection with positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after few months of initial infection.  

scholarly journals Methods of Diagnosis a Preferential Advantage in COVID-19: A Mini Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Neha Saini ◽  
Prem Pandey ◽  
Mandar Shirolkar ◽  
Atul Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Humanity is going through never seen before health crisis due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are 24.02 million cases and 0.82 million deaths worldwide as of 26th August 2020 due to deadly infection of COVID-19. The disease has been spreading exponentially (R-naught number: 3) and has challenged even the best healthcare infrastructure in the world. With the progression of the disease, the countries shifted the focus from cure to diagnosis and containment to flatten the curve. The review shows that the disease is spreading exponentially while the resources are still limited. We focus upon the probable vectors of the virus, different diagnostic methods with advantages & limitations, and the way forward. This review article covers the different diagnostic methods with more advantages, limitations, and the future sneak-peek into the forthcoming developments for the diagnostic processes such as RT-PCR (Reverse Transcription Polymerase chain reaction).

scholarly journals The Value of Pre-operative Testing for COVID-19 in Urological Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e29-e34
Author(s):  
Vasileios Bonatsos ◽  
Asif Raza
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Assays

According to the World Health Organisation there have been 30,055,710 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 933,433 confirmed deaths across 216 countries globally. The availability of the complete SARS-CoV-2 genome relatively early in the epidemic has enabled the development of tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19. There are two broad categories of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests currently in use or development: (1) Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests and (2) serology tests. RT-PCR is considered the gold standard and preferred method of diagnosis of acute infection. There is, however, a plethora of laboratory-developed and commercial RT-PCR assays with different gene targets. We discuss the value of pre-operative testing for COVID-19 before urological surgery.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Infant with Negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR and Antibodies

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Hanna Sahhar ◽  
Karly Derwitz ◽  
Erica Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Since the declaration of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO), there has been an emergence of a new syndrome termed multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19. MIS-C is defined by the presence of fever, systemic inflammation and multiorgan dysfunction in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 exposure. Knowledge of this syndrome’s presentation and pathophysiology is constantly evolving as more cases are reported in the literature. This case identifies a 3-month-old patient who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 antigen, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and antibodies but qualified for MIS-C diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge and through extensive research at the time of diagnosing and reporting this condition to the healthcare authorities, we report the youngest pediatric patient with MIS-C diagnosis. We document this case to contribute to further understanding the variable manifestations of MIS-C and the importance of early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

scholarly journals Acute Pancreatitis as a Possible Unusual Manifestation of COVID-19 in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Niloufar Bineshfar ◽  
Alireza Mirahmadi ◽  
Fereshteh Karbasian ◽  
Elham Pourbakhtyaran ◽  
Abdollah Karimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Amylase Level ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Unusual Manifestation ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Test

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread throughout the world causing problems for millions of people. Symptoms of COVID-19 in pediatric patients include both respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. The most common symptoms are fever, cough, and fatigue. In this report, we describe a case of a previously well 14-year-old boy, who presented to our emergency department with a complaint of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting without fever or respiratory symptoms. He was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis based on an abnormal amylase level and abdomen computed tomography (CT) and later found to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, by a positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test.

scholarly journals Potential mechanism of circRNA_000585 in cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052110245
Author(s):  
Fengming Yi ◽  
Longxiang Xin ◽  
Long Feng
Keyword(s):  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Microarray Hybridization ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cancer Tissues

Objective Circular RNA (circRNA) plays a vital role in the development and progression of malignancies, however, the function of circRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate circRNA expression in CCA versus para-cancer tissues, and elucidate any potential associated mechanisms. Methods Differential expression of circRNAs between CCA and para-cancer tissue was analysed by microarray hybridization, and validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR). The downstream pathway was investigated using bioinformatics and qRT–PCR. Results Microarray hybridization revealed 10 circRNAs with > 3-fold increased expression versus para-cancer (circRNA_002172, circRNA_002144, circRNA_001588, circRNA_000166, circRNA_000585, circRNA_000167, circRNA_402608, circRNA_006853, circRNA_001589, circRNA_008882), and three circRNAs with > 3-fold decreased expression (circRNA_406083, circRNA_104940, circRNA_006349). CircRNA_000585 was shown by qRT-PCR to be upregulated in tumour versus paired para-cancer tissue from 15 patients with CCA. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a potential pathway comprising circRNA_000585/microRNA-615-5p/angiomotin (AMOT)/Yes associated protein 1 (YAP) in CCA. RT–PCR validation of crucial molecule expression showed downregulation of miR-615-5p, and upregulation of AMOT and YAP in CCA tumours. Conclusion Multiple circRNAs are dysregulated in CCA. CircRNA_000585 is upregulated in CCA, and may function by a circRNA_000585/miR-615-5p/AMOT/YAP pathway, which may be a novel CCA pathway.

scholarly journals Evaluation of two fluorescence immunoassays for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen—new tool to detect infective COVID-19 patients

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10801
Author(s):  
Lorena Porte ◽  
Paulette Legarraga ◽  
Mirentxu Iruretagoyena ◽  
Valeska Vollrath ◽  
Gabriel Pizarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Potential Use

Background Real-Time Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the only recommended diagnostic method for SARS-CoV-2. However, rapid immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2 antigen could significantly reduce the COVID-19 burden currently weighing on laboratories around the world. Methods We evaluated the performance of two rapid fluorescence immunoassays (FIAs), SOFIA SARS Antigen FIA (Quidel Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA) and STANDARD F COVID-19 Ag FIA (SD Biosensor Inc., Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea), which use an automated reader. The study used 64 RT-PCR characterized clinical samples (32 positive; 32 negative), which consisted of nasopharyngeal swabs in universal transport medium. Results Of the 32 positive specimens, all from patients within 5 days of symptom onset, the Quidel and SD Biosensor assays detected 30 (93.8%) and 29 (90.6%) samples, respectively. Among the 27 samples with high viral loads (Ct ≤ 25), the two tests had a sensitivity of 100%. Specificity was 96.9% for both kits. Conclusion The high performance of the evaluated FIAs indicates a potential use as rapid and PCR-independent tools for COVID-19 diagnosis in early stages of infection. The excellent sensitivity to detect cases with viral loads above ~106 copies/mL (Ct values ≤ 25), the estimated threshold of contagiousness, suggests that the assays might serve to rapidly identify infective individuals.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal and Oropharyngeal Swabs, And/Or Serology for SARS COVID-19: What Are We Looking For?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sanduzzi ◽  
Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
To Come ◽  
Indirect Tests ◽  
Back To Work

Governments and clinicians that were fully involved in the dramatic SARS-CoV-2 outbreak during the last few weeks in Italy (and more or less all over the world) are fiercely debating the use of methods for screening this viral infection. Thus, all countries are employing a lot of resources in order to test more and more subjects. For this purpose, there are different strategies, based on either direct or indirect tests. Among the first category, the main assays used for SARS-CoV-2 are based on a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Such tests can be performed on nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the categories of those with symptoms and those potentially exposed. In order to integrate the molecular assays in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, a wide range of serology immunoassays (IAs) have also been developed. If we want to identify “immune” people in order to let them to come back to work, serology is the best (and probably the only) approach.

Assessment of Thyroid Function in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hasan Mohammed ◽  
Araz Muhammed Yousif ◽  
Samir Anwar Jabbar ◽  
Parween Abdulsamad Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Since the egression of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease, more than 200 countries and areas around the world were affected. To the present, it is not clear whether COVID-19 has effects on thyroid function or not. The aim of the current study was to assess thyroid function in COVID-19 patients with history of thyroid disease and those without such a history and to find out the thyroid disturbance in both groups. The present study involved 86 COVID-19 affected patients admitted BioLab and the Balsam Hospital, Erbil/ Iraq between January and April 2021. Confirmation of COVID-19 infection all patients by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal swabs. Thyroid hormones, and thyrotropin (TSH) level was analyzed and assessed. Most of the participants (88.4%) had normal T3 level, and there was no significant difference (p = 0.069) between those with normal T3, TPO and with no history of thyroid disease and those with such a history and/or high TPO. T4 levels of the participants with no history of thyroid disease and normal TPO did not differ significantly (p =0.725) from those with a history of thyroid disease and/or high TPO. Regarding the level of TSH, there was significant difference (p<0.001) between the two fore mentioned groups. There is high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in the COVID-19 patients with family history of thyroid disease and high TPO antibody level.

scholarly journals Contribution of CT Features in the Diagnosis of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Houdong Zuo
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Ct Features

The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread across the country and worldwide quickly. It has been defined as a major global health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO). As this is a novel virus, its diagnosis is crucial to clinical treatment and management. To date, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been recognized as the diagnostic criterion for COVID-19. However, the results of RT-PCR can be complemented by the features obtained in chest computed tomography (CT). In this review, we aim to discuss the diagnosis and main CT features of patients with COVID-19 based on the results of the published literature, in order to enhance the understanding of COVID-19 and provide more detailed information regarding treatment.

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