scholarly journals Diagnostics of socio-pedagogical trends in the development of students in a professional educational organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00074
Author(s):  
Y.N. Petrov ◽  
O.N. Filatova ◽  
M.V. Grinina
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Diagnostic Experiment ◽  
Development Of Students

The article under consideration presents the diagnosis of social and pedagogical trends in the development of students in a professional educational organization. A comparative analysis of the diagnostic experiment is given. The experiment carried out within the framework of the study showed a significant shift in the spiritual, moral and patriotic value orientations of students to a pragmatic orientation. In the pedagogical diagnostics, which was carried out within the framework of the study, the object was the spiritual, moral and patriotic orientations of students, which manifested themselves in various facts of their attitudes and behavior. This made it possible to track the development of students' civic engagement, since the diagnostic procedure is used to detect changes in the cause and disclose their manifestation in pedagogical practice. An experimental analysis of the problem under consideration has shown that modern conditions require the energetic entry of the individual into the spiritual space and the development of spiritual, moral and patriotic orientations, which are associated with the direction of the development of civic activity of the individual, the harmonization of humanity and pragmatism, becomes essential.

Gesellschaftliche Wertorientierungen und politisches Verhalten / Social value orientations and political behavior

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Urban Pappi ◽  
Edward O. Laumann
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Canonical Correlations ◽  
Scaling Procedure ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Social Value Orientations ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractSocial value orientations are introduced as a central set of variables for theories of voting behavior. Voting behavior is used as an example for a class of models which can demonstrate the linkage between social structure and individual behavior. Social value orientations are analytically defined and examined in relationship with related and complementary concepts like interests. Theoretically based on the AGIL paradigm, a comprehensive sample of indicators of social values is drawn from appropriate attitude scales. The structure of value orientations is empirically delineated by a multidimensional scaling procedure using the correlations between the indicators as input. Knowing this structure it is possible to construct a parsimonious set of eight scales of value orientations. Canonical correlations and discriminant analysis are the procedures used to relate this set with social structural antecedents and political attitudes and behavior as presumed consequences. The empirical analysis is based on data from the Jülich community study.

Attitudes and Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Haddock ◽  
Sapphira Thorne ◽  
Lukas Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Primary Reason ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
Attitude Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Attitudes refer to overall evaluations of people, groups, ideas, and other objects, reflecting whether individuals like or dislike them. Attitudes have been found to be good predictors of behavior, with generally medium-sized effects. The role of attitudes in guiding behavior may be the primary reason why people’s social lives often revolve around expressing and discussing their attitudes, and why social psychology researchers have spent decades examining attitudes. Two central questions in the study of attitudes concern when and how attitudes predict behavior. The “when” question has been addressed over decades of research that has identified circumstances under which attitudes are more or less likely to predict behavior. That is, attitudes are stronger predictors of behaviors when both constructs are assessed in a corresponding or matching way, when attitudes are stronger, and among certain individuals and in certain situations and domains. The “how” question concerns influential models in the attitudes literature that provide a better understanding of the processes through which attitudes are linked with behaviors. For instance, these models indicate that other constructs need to be taken into account in understanding the attitude-behavior link, including intentions to perform a behavior, whether individuals perceive themselves to be in control of their behavior, and what they believe others around them think the individual should do (i.e., norms). The models also describe whether attitudes relate to behavior through relatively deliberative and controlled processes or relatively automatic and spontaneous processes. Overall, the long history of research on attitude-behavior links has provided a clearer prediction of when attitudes are linked with behaviors and a better understanding of the processes underlying this link.

The Ethics of Neuroenhancement

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils-Frederic Wagner ◽  
Jeffrey Robinson ◽  
Christine Wiebking
Keyword(s):  
Value Orientations ◽  
Moral Problem ◽  
Cognitive Capacities ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Smart Drugs ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Social Value Orientations ◽  
Brain And Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

According to several recent studies, a big chunk of college students in North America and Europe uses so called ‘smart drugs' to enhance their cognitive capacities aiming at improving their academic performance. With these practices, there comes a certain moral unease. This unease is shared by many, yet it is difficult to pinpoint and in need of justification. Other than simply pointing to the medical risks coming along with using non-prescribed medication, the salient moral question is whether these practices are troubling in and of themselves. In due consideration of empirical insights into the concrete effects of smart drugs on brain and behavior, our attempt is to articulate wherein this moral unease consists and to argue for why the authors believe cognitive enhancement to be morally objectionable. The authors will contend that the moral problem with these practices lies less in the end it seeks, than in the underlying human disposition it expresses and promotes. Some might ask, what is wrong with molding our cognitive capacities to achieve excellence, get a competitive edge, or, as the whim takes us? In all of these occasions, the usage of smart drugs serves a certain goal, a telos. The goal is, broadly speaking, this: outsmarting opponents in an arms race for limited resources and thereby yielding a competitive edge. In plain words: competition is valued higher than cooperation or solidarity. What is wrong with striving for this goal? The authors submit that the question whether people really want to live in a society that promotes the mentality ‘individual competition over societal cooperation' deserves serious consideration. In developing their answer, the authors draw on an ‘Ethics of Constraint' framework, arguing that widespread off-label use of smart drugs bears the risk of negative neural/behavioral consequences for the individual that might, in the long run, be accompanied by changing social value orientations for the worse.

Perspectives for the Future of the Disabled in Sport

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Sport Participation ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Sport Programs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Sports have value to the individual, and the atypical individual with a disability merits the same opportunity to pursue these values as the so-called able-bodied. Sports therefore are justified on the assumption that they serve as a medium for developing desirable attitudes and behavior that contribute to the fullest utilization of one’s own health. Today’s sport leaders see a two-prong approach to the organization of these opportunities: (a) down with the barriers that keep the atypical athlete from participating and competing with the able-bodied athletes when talent and commitment are equal to the challenge, and (b) up with the sport programs from which, were it not for these adaptations, those with disabilities could not benefit from the values of sport participation.

scholarly journals Attitudinal Ambivalence

Psychology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Cavazza ◽  
Vincent Pillaud ◽  
Fabrizio Butera
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Attitudinal Ambivalence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Research on attitudinal ambivalence started in the early 1970s, forty years after the first wave of research on attitudes. Ambivalent attitudes consist of both positive and negative evaluations of the same object. Early approaches proposed different measurement methods, and ambivalence can now be measured either directly (referred to as “felt ambivalence”) or indirectly (referred to as “potential ambivalence”). Because of its duality, ambivalence has been studied in comparison with univalent attitudes—which consist of either positive or negative evaluations of an object—to uncover their specific features, antecedents, and consequences. Relevant research has focused on identifying the prevalence of ambivalent attitudes, and on whether they could stem from particular personality traits or situations. Researchers have found that ambivalent attitudes seem to be widespread and can be held for a long period of time. Their relationship with behaviors has also been widely studied. At the individual level, ambivalence increases response latency when a choice has to be made, extends information processing, can affect attitude stability, and can even lead to discomfort. At the behavioral level, studies have highlighted the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence on the relationship between attitudes and behavior. A different field of research focuses on its strength to question whether ambivalence leads to more resistance or susceptibility to persuasion and influence. It appears that ambivalent attitudes are pliable and, depending on the context, can either help individuals to be more adaptive or prevent them from arriving at a satisfying conclusion. The role of ambivalent attitudes in interpersonal relationships and self-presentation also highlight some benefits in holding an ambivalent attitude. This article opens by reviewing general overviews to provide a detailed picture of the current state of research. It then presents early approaches to attitudinal ambivalence, and reviews studies that highlight the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence on the relationship between attitudes and behavior, as well as studies that question whether ambivalence might lead to more resistance or susceptibility to persuasion and influence. The article then focuses on the impact of ambivalence at the individual level. Antecedents of attitudinal ambivalence will be reviewed, as well as its consequences on the individual. The article concludes by presenting research questioning its functions as well as some applied work.

Round Table Discussion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-683
Author(s):  
LEO KANNER
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Intrinsic Values ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Chairman Kanner: Every day of man's life constitutes a transition between yesterday and tomorrow, converging in the intrinsic values of the moment. The past and present continue to shape and modify directions and goals, mostly through quiet evolution, sometimes in lively spurts. One of the liveliest spurts occurs during adolescence, at a time when a person is no longer a child and not yet an adult. Many incisive changes take place in that period. Body growth, in a remarkable upward surge, attains its maximum for the individual. The physique assumes its characteristic configuration. Sexual development reaches procreative capacity. There is striving after emancipation from sheltered existence, a trend toward increasing self-dependence in thought and action. The sphere of interest and participation expands from the confines of home, neighborhood and school to the community at large. The choice of vocation, until then a playfully considered matter, becomes a real issue. Current standards and precepts are submitted to criticism not as yet leavened by the tests of experience. The established order is challenged boldly and then, after some struggle, appropriated gradually with more or less reservation. Adolescence, in our culture, is a great translator. It translates the language of parental direction, attitudes and behavior into an individualized idiom. This is much less evident in primitive cultures. One might go so far as to say that in primitive societies there is no conceptual equivalent for that which we call adolescence. Childhood ceases abruptly when, through a set of elaborate rites, it is transported into full-fledged adulthood. Tribal ritualism, rather than personal spontaneity determines status and function. In our social structure, a child is given several years in which he is to find his way from a more or less manipulated and regimented existence to the acquisition of initiative in a loosely competitive environment in which the taboos are blurred, the semantics are equivocal, and the variety of occupational, political and theologic choices offers opportunities for perplexities. The adolescent translator's dictionary is full of confusing synonyms and antonyms. A combination of inner soundness, wholesome parent-child relationship, and guidance from understanding adults, helps most adolescents to emerge safely from the groping and floundering which precede maturing stabilization.

Bodily Communication and Psychotherapy: A Psychosomatic Approach

1975 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kinston ◽  
Heinz Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Process ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

In the management of patients it is often important to combine physical and psychotherapeutic treatment methods according to the individual patient's needs. In analytically oriented psychotherapy more attention can usefully be paid to the patient's bodily attitudes and behavior than has been customary. A psychosomatic approach which can be applied to the psychotherapeutic process is described, and theoretical considerations are discussed.

Commentary on Christians and Anti-Semitism

1994 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sperber
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Question ◽  
German History ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Contributions ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior

Anti-Semitism is the darkest and ugliest side of a modern German history that has had more than its share of dark and ugly sides. There is a strong and intellectually by no means illegitimate temptation to see the entire history of German anti-Semitism as a one-way street leading straight to the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question.” Yet such a teleological approach to anti-Semistism does not do justice to the complexity of the past, does not highlight what Karl Schleunes has called “the twisted road to Auschwitz.” The excellent thematic articles in this issue all take up this complexity, their authors demonstrating a subtle and sensitive approach toward understanding anti-Semitic attitudes and behavior. One could go further and say that the whole is more than the sum of the parts, that several themes running through all the individual contributions describe and characterize a one hundred year history of Catholic anti-Semitism in Germany. I have identified four such themes and will discuss their changes and variations, both over time and in the different handling of them by the authors.

African Merchants of the Gold Coast, 1860–1905—Dynamics of Indigenous Entrepreneurship

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond E. Dumett
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Group Affiliation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Cooperative Effort ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
Crop Agriculture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Trading Networks

Entrepreneurship in Africa can be analyzed from a number of perspectives. One approach, undoubtedly the most popular among economic anthropologists and sociologists, has been to conduct group surveys of the attitudes and behavior of small-scale traders and market-stall operators against the background of specific urban or rural settings. These studies have emphasized the importance of religion, ethnic group affiliation, family or clan structure, specialization, and the development of long-distance trading networks through migration or diaspora. Another type of study pioneered by Polly Hill, and since taken up by other field economists and historians, has been to analyze the individual innovation, cooperative effort, and adaptation of traditional institutions involved in the development of export crop agriculture (groundnuts, cocoa, coffee) by small farmers in Africa.

scholarly journals Methods and forms of educational process that ensure the formation of professional and value orientations of future technical specialists

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
O. M. Kaminska
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
The University

Methods and forms of the educational process, which ensure the formation of professional and value orientations of future technical specialists are researched and theoretically grounded in the artticle. According to the classification by sources of knowledge, the following teaching methods are identified: verbal methods; visual methods; practical methods. The group of methods based on the word includes methods of storytelling, lectures and discussions, as well as methods of using educational and special scientific literature. The use of these methods should be combined with methods of education that are similar in nature: verbal, ethical narration, debate, ethical conversation, etc. Professional and value orientations of future professionals are one of the most important components of the personality structure, which show the attitude to the values of a profession and find expression in the interests, needs, views, assessments, motives of social and professional activities. The university forms in students not only basic professional knowledge, but also clear guidelines for life, teaches to separate true values from conventional ones, to perceive and evaluate complex phenomena and processes of the modern world. As during the student years there are the development of value orientations of the individual, the accumulation of knowledge, professional experience, awareness of their abilities, capabilities, there is a value of self-determination and self-improvement. Extracurricular work is proved to perform a leading function in the educational aspect in the process of formation of professional and value orientations of students of technical universities, as most of the methods and forms, due to lack of study time, it is advisable to conduct after classess. The system of extracurricular work is considered as a set of educational influences that provide purposefulness, systematicity, consistency, combination of pedagogical guidance with the initiative and initiative of students. The basic principles of this system are the professional and pedagogical orientation of the educational process, the relationship and interdependence of teaching and educating students; the connection of the educational process of a higher educational institution with pedagogical practice.

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