scholarly journals Model of a risk-based approach in the organization of control (supervision) in the field of education

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Fedor Myshko ◽  
Svetlana Titor
Keyword(s):  
State Control ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
Supervision Model ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Oriented Approach

The risk-based approach to the organization of state control (supervision) in Russia has been implemented for about six years. At the first stage, this model of control (supervision) was implemented by 25 different supervisory agencies. With the adoption of new legislation regulating control and supervisory activities, the risk-based model has become relevant in the field of education. There is very little experience in implementing a risk-based control (supervision) model. The supervisory agency tried to formulate the principles of such a model in a recommendatory manner to regional supervisory agencies. At the moment, in accordance with the decisions of the authorities, a model of a riskoriented approach to control and supervisory activities has been formed. However, research, incl. foreign experience shows that it can and should be improved. The authors offer their own model of a risk-oriented approach when organizing control (supervision) in the field of education, based on a more differentiated consideration by the criterion of the risk of causing harm to legally protected values.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Russian experience in reforming control and supervisory activities (part 2)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-342
Author(s):  
E V Maslennikova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Social Experiments ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Pilot Implementation ◽  
Positive Results

The modern period of reform of control and Supervisory activities is full of events, novelties of norm-setting, social experiments. In recent years, the main vector of reforms is aimed at respecting the interests of controlled objects in the preparation and conduct of control and Supervisory activities, the introduction of risk-based control, allowing to concentrate resources for control and supervision in those areas where there is a high probability of violation of the values protected by law. The article considers the dynamics and the main results of the reform of control and Supervisory activities. Among the positive results of the reform are the pilot implementation of a risk-based approach in control and supervisory activities, a system for evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of control and supervisory activities. Some positive dynamics emerged in the application of checklists. From the point of view of the author, insufficient attention is paid to questions of a critical analysis of the need and sufficiency of control and supervisory activities in terms of the protection of legally protected values; the possibility of replacing state control and supervision by other, including non-state institutions. The author substantiates the conclusion about the analysis of the need for control (supervision), systematization of control and Supervisory functions and audit of mandatory requirements before making and implementing decisions related to the technological aspects of control (supervision). Also, proposals are made to adjust the provisions contained in the draft law “on state and municipal control (supervision) in the Russian Federation”.

scholarly journals THERMODYNAMIC UNCERTAINTY RELATION AS A FUNDAMENTAL ASPECT OF QUANTUM THERMODYNAMICS

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Anton А. Artamonov ◽  
Еvgeny Plotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Uncertainty Relation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Silicon Crystal ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
State Control ◽  
Quantum Thermodynamics ◽  
The Moment

The paper addresses physics of thermodynamic fluctuations in temperature and energy. These fluctuations are interrelated and, hence, can affect various micro- and macro systems. It is shown that the thermodynamic uncertainty relation must be taken into account in the physics of superconductivity, in quantum computations and other branches of science, where temperature and energy fluctuations play a critical role. One of the most important applications of quantum thermodynamics is quantum computers. It is assumed that in the near future the state structures will create a specific quantum cryptocurrency obtained using quantum computing. The quantum cryptocurrency exhibits two main features: the maximum reliability (quantum protection against hacking threats) and the possibility of state control (at the moment, only large scientific state centers have quantum computers). The paper reviews the studies aimed to theoretically prove the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation. This relation connects fluctuations in temperature and energy of a system. Other similar relations are considered, including the relationship between fluctuations in pressure and volume, in entropy and temperature, and others. The main purpose of the paper is to validate the thermodynamic analogue of the uncertainty relation that interconnects temperature and energy fluctuations. Experimental data was obtained on the basis of the study of the transport properties of semiconductor devices – transistors. In the experiment, the transport properties of a pair of semiconductor transistors placed on a single silicon crystal were studied. In this system, one transistor was used to determine temperature fluctuations, and the other one was employed to estimate energy fluctuations. The key role of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation in modern thermodynamics has been clarified. The performed experimental studies confirm the validity of the thermodynamic uncertainty relation.

scholarly journals Incomplete construction: Russian and foreign experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Olga Nikishina ◽  
Olga Nikishina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
The City ◽  
Threat To Life

The study is devoted to the objects of unfinished construction (hereinafter - UCO). The problem of the UCOs is urgent both for the regions and for the Russian Federation as a whole. The main reasons for the large number of the unfinished construction objects are analyzed in the paper. The global experience of solving the issue of long-term construction is considered. The unfinished objects spoil the architectural outlook of the city, while the lands are used inefficiently and the necrosis of capital occurs. In Russia, as a rule, conservation of these objects is not done that creates a real threat to life and health of people. The state and society cannot count on the economic effect of these objects, and they do not justify the goals and the means invested in them. Based on the conclusions drawn, measures are proposed that will allow preventing the suspension of the objects under construction at the moment, and complete the construction of the objects that begun earlier.

Public Morals with Chinese Characteristics: Explaining China’s Adoption of WTO Rules

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 333-351
Author(s):  
Chieh Huang
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
State Control ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Communist Government ◽  
Political Decision Making ◽  
Oriented Approach

Abstract This article examines China’s compliance with World Trade Organization (WTO) law in the field of publications control from an empirical and theoretical perspective. The study of publications control — a policy field of critical concern to China’s Communist government — highlights the competing interests and ideas over ‘liberalisation’ and ‘state control’ within the Chinese leadership and within WTO circles. The article, first, describes these competing and historically shifting interests and ideas in the case of a recent landmark WTO dispute on publications control and, second, uses two apparently distinct IR theoretical approaches to explain China’s behaviour during the dispute. The article argues that neither an interest-oriented approach nor an idea-centred approach by themselves can explain Chinese political decision-making. The article proposes a combination of two particular views that help to explain the dispute examined but also China’s interactions with the WTO more generally.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Guillotine as a Mechanism for Deregulation and Anti-Corruption

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-31
Author(s):  
Egor A. Artemenko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
State Control ◽  
Protected Values ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Domestic Practice ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
And Control

The article examines the implementation of the “regulatory guillotine” reform as a method of state deregulation, reduction of administrative barriers to economic activity, elimination of excessive and outdated mandatory requirements that can cause corruption risks in the interaction of regulatory authorities and business. The main aim of the study is to assess the system of state deregulation measures implemented in certain areas within the framework of the regulatory guillotine, including the development of new structures of state regulation in certain areas and types of state control (supervision), the development of new mandatory requirements in terms of ensuring the connection of mandatory requirements with potential risks of harm, damage, protected values and sources of risk. The article also aims to identify the main risks of implementing the reform. The source of empirical data was Federal Laws No. 247-FZ and 248-FZ adopted on July 31, 2020, drafts of normative legal acts containing mandatory requirements, drafts of new regulatory structures in certain areas developed by regulatory agencies and control and supervisory bodies, methodological materials, positions of scholars and economists on the prospects for the reform, foreign experience of deregulation and implementation of the regulatory guillotine in particular. The article presents the countries’ experience of implementing the regulatory guillotine (South Korea, Croatia, Kenya, and some deregulation initiatives in the USA) in order to analyze the possibility of its application in domestic practice. Based on the research, a number of conclusions are made about the implementation of the reform in terms of deregulation, institutional measures to combat corruption, the “bottlenecks” of the implementation of the reform, the risks of not achieving the goals, and possible ways to minimize them.

scholarly journals The Role of Sound in Film Translation: Subtitling Embodied Aural Experience in Aki Kaurismäki’s Lights in the Dusk

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-47
Author(s):  
Sari Kokkola
Keyword(s):  
Common Ground ◽  
Film Studies ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Conceptual Level ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Film Viewing ◽  
Practical Level ◽  
Oriented Approach ◽  
Film Sound

The purpose of this article is twofold. First, by adopting a film studies-oriented approach to AVT it seeks to build common ground between translation studies and film studies—two disciplines that have remained curiously distant from each other, even though the film and translation industries are closely interrelated at the practical level. Second, by introducing study of the aural dimension of audiovisual texts—in particular film sound—to AVT, this article presents a new concept of text for AVT research that allows for the analysis of audiovisual texts as dynamic entities consisting of the visual, the aural and the verbal. These are seen as equally important constituent parts of audiovisual texts; they do not simply coexist but transform each other at the moment of perception. The role of sound in film translation is examined by applying phenomenologically informed theories of film sound, mainly Michel Chion’s (1994) theory of audio-vision, to the context of film subtitling. According to Chion, film viewing is based on cross-modal perception, i.e. synchronous sound and image are experienced as a unit, a “synchresis” (ibid., p. 63). Chion argues that filmic image and sound transform each other at the moment of perception, producing added value (ibid., p. 5). These audiovisual combinations not only address the viewer at the conceptual level but also contribute to the intensity and flow of the viewing experience that is to a large extent conveyed non-verbally. This paper argues that the translator’s decisions influence the added value created by image and sound and direct the viewer’s perception of a film, often overemphasizing the verbal element, thus narrowing the film’s non-verbally conveyed meanings and decreasing its emotional and esthetic appeal. These points are illustrated by presenting examples of the English and German subtitled versions of Aki Kaurismäki’s film Laitakaupungin valot (Lights in the Dusk).

scholarly journals The Desire for Enrichment as a Cause of Corruption of the Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
F. V. Arkhipov
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Cambridge School

This study is devoted to the problem of material enrichment in the framework of Republican political theory. The aim of the work is to determine how the private desire for wealth correlates with the republican public virtues and affects the corruptio of the republic. The fact is that the desire for enrichment is the realization of a private self-interest. At the same time, the key republican virtue for the classical period — virtu — also assumes the presence of a private interest. In this regard, the author provides a theoretical justification for the permissibility of the desire for enrichment within the framework of republicanism.The research methods are comparative, historical methods, as well as the methodology of the Cambridge school. Within the framework of the analysis of the texts of the Republican tradition, the author comes to the following results.The corruptio of the republic takes place in cases where citizens are willing to compromise with the centralized political power of the state, giving up republican freedom for the sake of security and wealth. The most striking manifestation of this compromise is the transfer to the state of the function of distributing material goods in society. Wealth itself, in accordance with the classic Republican critique of statism, becomes dangerous when it replaces virtue, or becomes the price for which a person is willing to sell his freedom.At the same time, the most dangerous form of such a deal can be called a compromise, in which republican institutions continue to function formally, but political participation in society is replaced by police state control. Corruption of morals, therefore, occurs when people are willing to give up personal freedom for the sake of material well-being and convenience. However, at the same time, there is an amazing ideological substitution, according to which the political sphere begins to be called the state apparatus, which as such suppresses politics. This is the moment at which the corruptio of the republic takes place.As a result of the study, the author concludes that an effective compromise between a deviation from republican principles and private welfare is impossible. However, the desire to enrich itself can even be useful for the republic.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL AND ANALYTICAL ASPECTS OF RISK-ORIENTED APPROACH IN REGULATING AGENCIES PRACTICE

2017 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Elvira Kondukova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
State Control ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Risk Criteria ◽  
Financial Audit ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Oriented Approach

The article considers the specific features of risk-oriented approach at State auditing service of Ukraine. Topic is up to date because of absence of commonly shared views at basic term’s content and list of risk criteria in processes of objects to be checked selection as well as scope and indicators of financial analysis during this procedure. It is important to underline, that in State Auditing Service (SAS) practice comprehensive financial analysis is supposed to be done at the next step which is the investigative stage of state financial audit. Author pays significant attention to category of risk in state control analysis, considering different approaches in business environment, regulatory agencies and independent audit. The substantial diversity in its perception is stated and recommendations to its unification are provided. First of all, it is necessary to differentiate risks on the side of object and on the side of subject of control. Author also studies the set of risk criteria for public enterprises and proposes the ways of its refinement considering the independent auditors experience. But risk criteria are not the only way of financial analysis application. Its main scope is applicable at the stage of pre-audit analysis. It is concluded that financial analysis scope, methodic and procedures require regulatory adjustment because of special aim, tasks and approaches in state financial audit. The article is supposed to be useful for academicians and professionals working at State Auditing Service of Ukraine.

National and foreign experience in investment support of the innovation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Andrey Slavyanov
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Foreign Investments ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
High Investment ◽  
The Moment

The proposed article examines the domestic and foreign experience of supporting the innovation process in attracting private, public and foreign investments. The historical experience of the USSR in the implementation of strategic innovative projects has been studied, which has shown that special conditions for budget financing of implementing organizations, as well as strong ties between enterprises, contribute to achieving the goals, although they lead to resources’ overspending. Administrative and policy-making approaches have also been used in the practice of South-East Asian countries in order to concentrate financial resources to achieve strategic goals. Attention is paid to the US experience in bridging the gap between basic research and the practical application of their results through the mechanism of venture financing of innovative companies. Universities play a special role in the innovation process in the United States, which are the basis for the formation of innovation clusters. At the same time, the experience of creating techno-parks in modern Russia has shown that it has not yet been possible to significantly influence the innovative activity of private business. The experiences of China and the countries of Eastern Europe show that foreign investments have a positive impact on innovative development in the conditions of high investment attractiveness and the political will of the state to defend its sovereignty. At the moment, Russia cannot count on foreign capital to build a national strategy for innovative development. The domestic and foreign experience of interaction between the defense civil sectors of the economy is considered. Based on our analysis, we have prepared recommendations for improving approaches to supporting the innovation process in Russia, taking into account the current state of the external environment.    

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