Diterpenes from Euphorbia myrsinites and Their Anti-inflammatory Property

Abstract Euphorbia myrsinites is one of the oldest spurges described and used in folk medicine. It is characterized by blue-grey stems similar to myrtle, and it is spread in the Mediterranean region, Asia, and the USA. Chemical analysis of E. myrsinites collected in Turkey afforded the isolation of 4 diterpenes based on the so-called myrsinane skeleton being tetraesters of the tetracyclic diterpene alcohol myrsinol. In this study, the phytochemical analysis of this species collected in Italy has been undertaken to afford the isolation of a new atisane diterpene, named myrsatisane, 3 ingenol derivatives, along with the 4 tetraester derivatives previously found. A triterpene compound based on the euphane skeleton has also been isolated. Structural elucidation of the new myrsatisane was based on spectroscopic techniques, including HR-MS and 1- and 2-dimensional NMR experiments. Its relative configuration was determined by NOE correlations, while absolute stereochemistry was obtained by quantum-mechanical DFT studies. While diterpenes with the atisane skeleton are relatively common in Euphorbia species, this is the first report of an atisane diterpene from E. myrsinites. All the isolated terpenes were tested for anti-inflammatory activity on J774A.1 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide by evaluation of nitrite and pro-inflammatory cytokine Il-1β levels. Among tested compounds, the 3 ingenol diterpenes exhibited a dose-dependent (0.001 – 3 µM) significant activity, thus showing their potential as anti-inflammatory drug candidates.

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Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Calyces from Physalis peruviana

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400901111 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Reina M. Toro ◽

Diana M. Aragón ◽

Luis F. Ospina ◽

Freddy A. Ramos ◽

Leonardo Castellanos

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Edema Model ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Bio Assay

Physalis peruviana calyces are used extensively in folk medicine. The crude ethanolic extract and some fractions of calyces were evaluated in order to explore antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the TPA-induced ear edema model. The antioxidant in vitro activity was measured by means of the superoxide and nitric oxide scavenging activity of the extracts and fractions. The butanolic fraction was found to be promising due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Therefore, a bio-assay guided approach was employed to isolate and identify rutin (1) and nicotoflorin (2) from their NMR spectroscopic and MS data. The identification of rutin in calyces of P. peruviana supports the possible use of this waste material for phytotherapeutic, nutraceutical and cosmetic preparations.

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Quantitative Analysis and Pharmacological Effects of Artemisia ludoviciana Aqueous Extract and Compounds

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1701201002 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1934578X1701201

Author(s):

Isabel Rivero-Cruz ◽

Gerardo Anaya-Eugenio ◽

Araceli Pérez-Vásquez ◽

Ana Laura Martínez ◽

Rachel Mata

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Hot Plate Test ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Inflammatory Phase ◽

Artemisia Ludoviciana ◽

Dose Dependent

Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. (Asteraceae) is widely used in Mexican folk medicine for treating inflammation, diabetes and painful complaints. The in vivo antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antihyperalgesic activities of an aqueous extract (AE) of the plant were investigated using well-known animal models. AE reduced the licking time in the formalin test in healthy and NA-STZ mice; the activity was better during the inflammatory phase; accordingly, it displayed significant antiinflammatory when tested at the same doses using the carrageenan-induced oedema model. AE also produced a significant dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the hot plate test at 100 and 316 mg/kg (p.o.). Phytochemical analysis of the non-polar fraction of AE resulted in the isolation of two major lactones [achillin (1) and dehydroleucodin (2)], which showed antiinflammatory effect, being 2 the most active at 17.7 mg/kg. A suitable analytical method was successfully developed and validated to quantify 1 and 2. Altogether, these results tend to support the medicinal uses of the plant.

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Modulation of the Neuroprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Flavonol Fisetin by the Transition Metals Iron and Copper

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9111113 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1113

Author(s):

Pamela Maher

Keyword(s):

Transition Metals ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Copper Binding ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent

Alterations occur in the homeostasis of the transition metals iron (Fe2+) and copper (Cu2+) during aging and these are further amplified in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These observations suggest that the most effective drug candidates for AD might be those that can reduce these alterations. The flavonoid fisetin has both neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activity both in vitro and in vivo and can bind both iron and copper suggesting that its chelating activity might play a role in its beneficial effects. To test this idea, the effects of iron and copper on both the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities of fisetin were examined. It is shown that while fisetin can reduce the potentiation of cell death by iron and copper in response to treatments that lower glutathione levels, it is much less effective when the metals are combined with other inducers of oxidative stress. In addition, iron but not copper reduces the anti-inflammatory effects of fisetin in a dose-dependent manner. These effects correlate with the ability of iron but not copper to block the induction of the antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2, by fisetin. In contrast, although the flavanone sterubin also binds iron, the metal has no effect on sterubin’s ability to induce Nrf2 or protect cells from toxic or pro-inflammatory insults. Together, these results suggest that while iron and copper binding could contribute to the beneficial effects of neuroprotective compounds in the context of neurodegenerative diseases, the consequences of this binding need to be fully examined for each compound.

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Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Activities of Polyacetylene from Dendropanax dentiger

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1400901115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shih-Chang Chien ◽

Yen-Hsueh Tseng ◽

Wei-Ning Hsu ◽

Fang-Hua Chu ◽

Shang-Tzen Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Folk Medicine ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Antioxidant Gene ◽

Mrna And Protein Expression ◽

Ancient Times ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Chemoprevention Agent ◽

Dose Dependent

Dendropanax dentiger has been used as a folk medicine since ancient times. In our current study, we observed that D. dentiger exhibited a significant anti-inflammatory activity, which could efficiently inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage inflammation assay. (9 Z,16 S)-16-Hydroxy-9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diynoic acid (HODA) was isolated from the leaves of D. dentiger following a bioactivity guided fractionation protocol. Our data indicated that HODA significantly inhibited the NO production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells (IC50 = 4.28 μM). Consistent with these observations, the mRNA and protein expression levels of iNOS were also inhibited by HODA in a dose-dependent manner. HODA also reduced the translocation of NF-κB into nuclear fractions. Meanwhile, HODA enhanced Nrf-2 activation and its downstream antioxidant gene HO-1. We concluded that HODA possessed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity; the compound may have a potential for development as a chemoprevention agent.

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HPTLC analysis and anti-inflammatory activity of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) leaves

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v12i3.4816 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 2077-2082

Author(s):

Ananthi T ◽

Ramya V

Keyword(s):

Antiinflammatory Activity ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Metabolite Profile ◽

Solvent Mixture ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Plectranthus Amboinicus

Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. are generally used in Chinese folk medicine for treating fever, cough, mumps, sore throats, and mosquito bite. The current study was therefore carried out to provide vital pharmacological details about the leaf. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanolic extract from Plectranthus amboinicus. The leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus were rinsed, air dried and then powdered using machine. The ethanol extract of the plant was used for phytochemical analysis to identify the constituents present in the plants. HPTLC analysis was carried out to investigate its secondary metabolite profile by using the solvent mixture. The anti-inflammatory effect was analysed by inhibition of protein denaturation assay. The hypotonicity induced haemolysis was observed from 100µg/ml to 500µg/ml of extract concentration. The results proved that the ethanolic leaf extract of P.amboinicus has antiinflammatory activity. The presence of flavonoid, quercetin in plant extract was confirmed by HPTLC analysis and these flavonoids may be responsible for the antiinflammatory activity. Further studies are needed to the development of potential drug that may be used for various pharmacological activities.

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HPLC Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Cudrania tricuspidata

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1501001112 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1934578X1501001

Author(s):

Shivraj Hariram Nile ◽

Doo Hwan Kim

Keyword(s):

Xanthine Oxidase ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Positive Control ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Diene Conjugate ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Cudrania Tricuspidata ◽

Free Radical Formation ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Cudrania tricuspidata is a plant used in folk medicine in Korea for treatment of diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study the leaf and shoot extract was studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activities. The extract with predominant phenolics was quantified using HPLC-DAD. Antioxidant activity was measured using ABTS [2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), and anti-inflammatory activity by diene-conjugate and β-glucuronidase assays. The average antioxidant effects of C. tricuspidata extracts (1–2 mg/mL) revealed significant activity of 32.5% to 50.2% (ABTS) and 24.2 to 40.5% (FRAP) compared with Trolox, having 55.1% (ABTS) and 42.6% (FRAP) activity, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activities showed as 26.5% to 40.5% (DC) and 40.2% to 70.2% (βG) inhibition compared with the control {phenylbutazone; 42.1% (DC) and 80.2% (βG) inhibition, respectively}. The XO inhibitory activity of the plant extract revealed 90.5% inhibition of that of the control (allopurinol) (97% inhibition at 100 μg/mL concentration). The kinetic parameters of XO inhibition revealed a noncompetitive type of inhibition, where, K m and V max of C. tricuspidata extracts (25 to 100 μg/mL) were 0.25 mM/mL and 0.040, 0.036, 0.032, and 0.030 (μg/min), while for the positive control K m and V max the values were 0.30 mM/mL and 0.045 (μg/min), respectively. Results suggest that C. tricuspidata can be exploited against diseases associated with free radical formation and xanthine oxidase activity.

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Nitric oxide (NO) radical inhibitory of hedyotis philippinensis and its marker compound, asperuloside

Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences ◽

10.11113/mjfas.v10n1.62 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emi Norzehan Mohamad Mahbob ◽

Rohaya Ahmad ◽

Syahida Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

No Production ◽

Marker Compound ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophage

Hedyotis spesies have been used in Chinese folk medicine as a treatment for colds, stomatitis and various inflammations. In this study, three methanolic extracts of Hedyotis species (Hedyotis corymbosa, Hedyotis havilandii and Hedyotis philippinensis) were screened for their anti-inflammatory activity. The plant extracts along with asperuloside, the marker compound of H. philippinensis were tested for their anti-inflammatory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon- (IFN-)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production using RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Among the three species, H. philippinensis (leaves and stems) showed good NO radical inhibitory activity (with IC50 values of 139.76±12.50 and 176.21±2.48 g/ml, respectively). Asperuloside, isolated as a major compound from the plant moderately inhibited LPS/IFN--induced NO production by 63% at a concentration of 100 M (45% cell viability) compared to L-NAME (77 %). Its IC50 value was found to be 75.45±2.25 M. Its inhibition was also found to be dose-dependent.

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Anti-inflammatory potential of ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum in experimental mice

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 146-156

Author(s):

Emmanuel Uka ◽

Efosa Godwin Ewere ◽

Grace Sylvester Effiong

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Egg Albumin ◽

Paw Oedema ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Ear Oedema

Anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanol leaf extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (ELESJ) was assessed in-vivo in mice by using carrageenan-induced paw oedema, egg albumin-induced paw oedema, and xylene-induced ear oedema model at doses of 474.34, 948.68, and 1423.03 mg/kgbw respectively. A total of seventy-five matured mice of both sexes weighing between 20 g and 24 g (divided into three groups of 25 mice each for the 3 different studies) were used for this study. Treatment was done intraperitoneally. Distilled water (10 mL/kgbw), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (100 mg/kgbw) or dexamethasone (4 mg/kgbw) served as the normal and standard drugs respectively. The results showed that ELESJ produced significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent and time-dependent reductions in mean paw thickness in groups III-V compared with control group. Similarly, the extract caused a dose-dependent increase in percentage inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema and egg-albumin induced paw oedema (34.49%, 36.71%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg), comparable with the anti-inflammatory effects of the standard drug ASA (34.69%, 31.54%). The ELESJ also caused significant (p < 0.05), dose-dependent decreases in xylene-induced ear oedema weight in all the test groups relative to control group and standard drug group. In addition, ELESJ showed a dose-dependent percentage inhibitory effect (44%) at the highest dose (1423.03 mg/kg) comparable with that of the standard drug, dexamethasone (48%). The results obtained from this study support the use of the leaf in folk medicine as it has significant anti-inflammatory properties and this may be attributed to the phytochemical constituents of the leaf.

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Fractions of Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring (Selaginellaceae) attenuate the nociceptive behavior events in mice

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.189761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. A. R. Oliveira-Macêdo ◽

A. G. M. Pacheco ◽

S. R. G. Lima-Saraiva ◽

J. C. Silva ◽

R. G. Oliveira-Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Coordination ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Second Phase ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Nociceptive Behavior ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Rota Rod Test ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring is a species popularly known as “jericó”, and used in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate in mice the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the hexane (Sc-Hex) and chloroform (Sc-CHCl3) fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) obtained by partition of crude ethanol extract from S. convoluta. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the fractions was performed. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The rota-rod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the Sc-Hex and the Sc-CHCl3 were positive for the presence of flavonoids, anthracene derivatives, quinones, triterpenes and steroids. Inhibition of writhing was observed for fractions tested. The Sc-Hex at all doses tested was effective in reducing the nociceptive behavior produced by formalin only in the second phase. However, the Sc-CHCl3 decreased the paw licking time in the first and second phases. In the hot plate no significant effect was observed for any fraction. In the rota-rod test, treated mice did not demonstrate any significant motor performance changes. In the carrageenan-induced pleurisy, Sc-CHCl3 (200 mg/kg) reduced cell migration to the pleural cavity. These results reveal the antinociceptive properties of S. convoluta , which support, in part, its traditional use, since the fractions did not presented significant activity in the inflammatory response profile. We further verify that this antinociceptive effect could be by activation of nociceptive peripheral pathway.

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IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF 4-BENZYLPIPERIDINE

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.12623 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jayashree V ◽

Bagyalakshmi S ◽

Manjula Devi K ◽

Richard Daniel D

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Protein Denaturation ◽

In Vitro Models ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Study Results ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of 4-benzylpiperidine. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of 4-benzylpiperidine using in vitro models such as inhibition of albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity. Results: This study revealed the dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity by 4-benzylpiperidine. Conclusion: In the present study, results indicate that the 4-benzylpiperidine possess anti-inflammatory properties. The drug inhibited the heat induced albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity. It shows dose-dependent significant activity when compared with a standard drug. Hence, this study gives an idea that the 4-benzylpiperidine can be used as a lead compound for designing a potent anti-inflammatory drug which can be used to cure inflammation. Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, 4-Benzylpiperidine, Protein denaturation, Proteinase inhibitory activity.

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