Interval Training with Different Intensities in Overweight/Obese Adolescent Females

Author(s):  
Wissal Abassi ◽  
Nejmeddine Ouerghi ◽  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Lee Hill ◽  
Ghazi Racil ◽  
...  

AbstractTo compare the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity interval training (MIIT) on hematological and inflammatory markers in youth females, 38 overweight/obese females (16.4±1.0 yrs.) were randomly assigned to HIIT (2×6–8 repetitions of 30 s at 100–110% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 30 s active recovery between repetitions at 50% MAS; n=13), MIIT (2×6–8 repetitions of 30 s at 70–80% MAS, with 30 s active recovery between repetitions at 50% MAS; n=13), and a control group (CG, no intervention; n=12). Body composition, blood pressure, maximal heart rate, hematological and inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]) markers were assessed in all groups before and following the training program. Results revealed a significant (P<0.05) interaction effect for body composition, systolic blood pressure (SBP), MAS, maximal heart rate, and CRP. Within-group analyses for the HIIT and MIIT groups showed significant improvements in body mass (P=0.009 and P=0.025, respectively), BMI Z-score (P=0.011 and P=0.028, respectively), and MAS (P<0.001 and P=0.011, respectively). The HIIT program showed a significant decrease in body fat (P=0.002), waist circumference (P=0.002), maximal heart rate (P=0.003), SBP (P=0.001), and plasma CRP (P=0.004). In both groups, no significant changes were observed in ESR and hematological markers after intervention. No variable changed in CG. HIIT was the effective method to manage cardiometabolic health and inflammatory disorders in obese youth.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roseanne E Billany ◽  
Alice Smith ◽  
Ganisha Hutchinson ◽  
Daniel Nixon ◽  
Nicolette Bishop

Abstract Background and Aims Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients (RTRs). General CVD risk scores underestimate the risk in RTRs who also exhibit elevated inflammation and impaired immune function. Exercise has a positive impact on these unique factors and there is growing consensus on the need for formal and specific exercise guidelines in RTRs. Despite this, there is limited rigorous research in this population, particularly surrounding novel high intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate intensity continuous training (MICT). Method 24 RTRs (male 17; eGFR 55 ml/min/1.73 m2 [26-90]; age 48 years [27-76]) were randomised to: HIITA (n=8; 4, 2 and 1 min intervals; 80-90% of watts at peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2 peak)), HIITB (n=8, 4 × 4 min intervals; 80-90% V̇O2 peak) or MICT (n=8, ∼35.5 min; 50-60% V̇O2 peak) for 24 supervised sessions on a stationary bike (approx. 3x/week over 8 weeks). Assessments of cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition (weight and body fat %), and physical function (sit-to-stand 60 (STS60), gait speed, and calf strength) were conducted pre and post-intervention. Data were analysed using ANCOVA and paired samples t-tests. Results Twenty participants completed the intervention, 8 of whom reached the required intensity (HIITA 0/6 [0%], HIITB 3/8 [38%], MICT 5/6 [83%]). Although participants completed 92% (average) of the 24 sessions, there were 105 cancelled/rearranged sessions (illness 68, other commitments 33, investigator illness 4) and an average duration of 10 weeks to complete the intervention. There were significant post-training improvements in V̇O2 peak (ml/kg/min)(See Table 1: HIITA, p=0.007; HIITB, p=0.025; MICT, p=0.012) and in peak power output (wattpeak)(HIITA, p=0.001; HIITB, p=0.005; MICT, p=0.002) for all groups. There was a significant post-training reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) in MICT (p&lt;0.001) and a significant reduction in DBP in HIITB (p&lt;0.001). There were no significant changes in body composition. Gait speed improved in MICT (p=0043) and STS60 performance improved in HIITA (p=0.012). After controlling for baseline values, there were no significant between group differences for any post-training variables. Conclusion Enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness has been widely reported to correlate with a reduced risk of CVD and mortality. These early feasibility results, whilst acknowledging some baseline variations, show promising effects of both HIIT and MICT on the cardiorespiratory fitness of RTRs. Results also show promising reductions in blood pressure, a leading risk factor for CVD. Although fewer RTRs met the required intensity for the HIIT protocols than MICT, there were no serious adverse events or detrimental results reported. There were a large number of sessions cancelled due to illness; potentially attributable to immunosuppressive agents. We would recommend further large-scale trials of different HIIT protocols potentially with shorter intervals and less intense recovery periods in order to facilitate the achievement of the required intensity. Overall, these results further support the call for specific exercise guidance in this population in order to supplement current post-transplantation clinical advice.


Author(s):  
Wissal Abassi ◽  
Nejmeddine Ouerghi ◽  
Hatem Ghouili ◽  
Salma Haouami ◽  
Anissa Bouassida

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effects of 12-week high-intensity- (HIIT) vs. moderate-intensity-interval training (MIIT) on thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4) and insulin-resistance in overweight/obese adolescent girls.MethodsTwenty four adolescent girls (age 16.5±1.36 yrs) were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) HIIT (2 blocks per session of 6–8 bouts of 30 s runs at 100–110% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), with 30 s active recovery between bouts at 50% MAS; n=8), (2) MIIT (2 blocks per session of 6–8 bouts of 30 s runs at 70–80% MAS, with 30 s active recovery between bouts at 50% MAS; n=8) and (3) control group (no exercise, n=8). Each training groups engaged in three sessions per week during three months. Anthropometric parameters, aerobic capacity, homeostasis model assessment index for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) as well as plasma TSH and T4 levels were assessed in all subjects before- and after-training.ResultsFollowing both training programs, body mass, body mass index Z-score, waist circumference and body fat decreased, while aerobic capacity increased. However, TSH and T4 concentrations decreased only after the HIIT (−30.47%, p<0.05, ES=1.42 and −12.86%, p<0.05, ES=1.18; respectively). The HOMA-IR decreased in both training groups (−26.25%, p<0.05, ES=1.87 for MIIT and −21.72%, p<0.05, ES=2.14 for HIIT).ConclusionTwelve weeks of HIIT was effective in reducing circulating TSH and T4 levels, unlike MIIT, in overweight/obese adolescent girls. These findings indicated that the stimulation of pituitary-thyroid function is more sensitive to training intensity than training duration. Further studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.


Obesities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Alexis Marcotte-Chénard ◽  
Dominic Tremblay ◽  
Marie-Michelle Mony ◽  
Pierre Boulay ◽  
Martin Brochu ◽  
...  

Objective: To compare the acute and chronic effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on glycemic control, body composition and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in older women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: Thirty older women (68 ± 5 years) with T2D were randomized in two groups—HIIT (75 min/week) or MICT (150 min/week). Glucose homeostasis (A1c, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR2) and body composition (iDXA) were measured before and after the 12-week exercise intervention. During the first and last week of training (24-h before and 48-h after exercise), the following CGM-derived data were measured: 24-h and peak glucose levels, glucose variability and time spent in hypoglycemia as well as severe and mild hyperglycemia. Results: While lean body mass increased (p = 0.035), total and trunk fat mass decreased (p ≤ 0.007), without any difference between groups (p ≥ 0.81). Fasting glucose levels (p = 0.001) and A1c (p = 0.014) significantly improved in MICT only, with a significant difference between groups for fasting glucose (p = 0.02). Neither HIIT nor MICT impacted CGM-derived data at week 1 (p ≥ 0.25). However, 24-h and peak glucose levels, as well as time spent in mild hyperglycemia, decreased in HIIT at week 12 (p ≤ 0.03). Conclusion: These results suggest that 12 weeks of low-volume HIIT is enough to provide similar benefit to MICT for body composition and improve the acute effect of exercise when measured with CGM.


Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Laura Hottenrott ◽  
Martin Möhle ◽  
Alexander Ide ◽  
Sascha Ketelhut ◽  
Oliver Stoll ◽  
...  

Due to physiological and anatomical sex differences, there are variations in the training response, and the recovery periods following exercise may be different. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols are well-suited to differentially investigate the course of recovery. This study was conducted to determine sex-specific differences in the recovery following HIIT intervals interspersed with recovery phases of different lengths. Methods: Well-trained cyclists and triathletes (n = 11 females, n = 11 males) participated in this study. There were no significant sex differences in maximal heart rate (HR), relative peak power to body mass and fat-free mass, training volume, and VO2max-percentiles (females: 91.8 ± 5.5 %, males: 94.6 ± 5.4 %). A 30 s Wingate test was performed four times, separated by different active recovery periods (1, 3, or 10 min). Lactate, HR, oxygen uptake, and subjective rating of exertion and recovery were determined. Results: For the recovery time of three and ten minutes, men showed significantly higher lactate concentrations (p = 0.04, p = 0.004). Contrary, HR recovery and subjective recovery were significant slower in women than in men. Conclusion: During HIIT, women may be more resistant to fatigue and have a greater ability to recover metabolically, but have a slower HR and subjective recovery.


Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Shengyan Sun ◽  
Zhaowei Kong ◽  
Qingde Shi ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
On-Kei Lei ◽  
...  

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a 4-week low-carbohydrate diet (LC) with or without exercise training on cardiometabolic health-related profiles in overweight/obese women. Methods: Fifty overweight/obese Chinese women (age: 22.2 ± 3.3 years, body mass index (BMI): 25.1 ± 3.1 kg·m−2) were randomized to either a LC control group (LC-CON, n = 16), a LC and high-intensity interval training group (LC-HIIT, n = 17), or a LC and moderate-intensity continuous training group (LC-MICT, n = 17). All groups consumed LC for 4 weeks, while the LC-HIIT and LC-MICT groups followed an additional five sessions of HIIT (10 × 6 s cycling sprints and 9 s rest intervals, 2.5 min in total) or MICT (cycling continuously at 50–60% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) for 30 min) weekly. Blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin sensitivity, and several metabolic or appetite regulating hormones were measured before and after intervention. Results: Significant reductions in body weight (− ~2.5 kg, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.772) and BMI (− ~1 unit, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.782) were found in all groups. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by 5–6 mmHg (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.370); fasting insulin, leptin, and ghrelin levels were also significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while insulin sensitivity was improved. However, there were no significant changes in fasting glucose, glucagon, and gastric inhibitory peptide levels. Furthermore, no group differences were found among the three groups, suggesting that extra training (i.e., LC-HIIT and LC-MICT) failed to trigger additional effects on these cardiometabolic profiles. Conclusions: The short-term carbohydrate restriction diet caused significant weight loss and improved blood pressure and insulin sensitivity in the overweight/obese women, although the combination with exercise training had no additional benefits on the examined cardiometabolic profiles. Moreover, the long-term safety and effectiveness of LC needs further study.


Author(s):  
Abdullah Alansare ◽  
Ken Alford ◽  
Sukho Lee ◽  
Tommie Church ◽  
Hyun Jung

Physically inactive adults are prevalent worldwide. This study compared the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in physically inactive adults as a preliminary study. Thirteen physically inactive male adults (27.5 ± 3.80 years) were randomly assigned to HIIT (N = 7) or MICT (N = 6). The HIIT program consisted of 20 min of interval training with cycling to rest ratio of 10/50 s at ≥90% HRpeak, while the MICT program consisted of 40 min of continuous cycling at 60–75% HRpeak. Both groups completed eight sessions of training within two weeks. Time and frequency domains of HRV were measured for 20 min with Actiwave-Cardio monitor (CamNtech, UK). The number of R-R interval and inter-beat interval (IBI) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in both HIIT and MICT programs following eight sessions of training. A significant interaction effect for group by time was found in the lnLF/HF ratio (p < 0.05) where it was only improved in the HIIT group from pre- to post-test. The HIIT program is superior to MICT in improving HRV in physically inactive adults. The HIIT program can be applied as a time-efficient program for improving cardiac-autoregulation.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaowei Kong ◽  
Shengyan Sun ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Qingde Shi

This study was to determine the effects of five-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, blood glucose, and relevant systemic hormones when compared to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in overweight and obese young women.Methods. Eighteen subjects completed 20 sessions of HIIT or MICT for five weeks. HIIT involved 60 × 8 s cycling at ~90% of peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak) interspersed with 12 s recovery, whereas MICT involved 40-minute continuous cycling at 65% ofV˙O2peak.V˙O2peak, body composition, blood glucose, and fasting serum hormones, including leptin, growth hormone, testosterone, cortisol, and fibroblast growth factor 21, were measured before and after training.Results. Both exercise groups achieved significant improvements inV˙O2peak(+7.9% in HIIT versus +11.7% in MICT) and peak power output (+13.8% in HIIT versus +21.9% in MICT) despite no training effects on body composition or the relevant systemic hormones. Blood glucose tended to be decreased after the intervention (p=0.062). The rating of perceived exertion in MICT was higher than that in HIIT (p=0.042).Conclusion. Compared with MICT, short-term HIIT is more time-efficient and is perceived as being easier for improving cardiorespiratory fitness and fasting blood glucose for overweight and obese young women.


Author(s):  
Pooja Bhati ◽  
Vishal Bansal ◽  
Jamal Ali Moiz

Abstract Purpose The present study was conducted to compare the effects of low volume of high intensity interval training (LVHIIT) and high volume of high intensity interval training (HVHIIT) on heart rate variability (HRV) as a primary outcome measure, and on maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), body composition, and lower limb muscle strength as secondary outcome measures, in sedentary young women. Methods Thirty-six participants were recruited in this study. The LVHIIT group (n = 17) performed one 4-min bout of treadmill running at 85%–95% maximum heart rate (HRmax), followed by 3 min of recovery by running at 70% HRmax, three times per week for 6 weeks. The HVHIIT group (n = 15) performed four times 4-min bouts of treadmill running at 85%–95% HRmax, interspersed with 3-min of recovery by running at 70% HRmax, 3 times per week for 6 weeks. All criterion measures were measured before and after training in both the groups. Results Due to attrition of four cases, data of 32 participants was used for analysis. A significant increase in high frequency (HF) power (p < 0.001) and decrease in the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power (LF/HF) ratio (p < 0.001) in HRV parameters, was observed post-HVHIIT, whereas, these variables did not change significantly (HF: p = 0.92, LF/HF ratio: p = 0.52) in LVHIIT group. Nevertheless, both the interventions proved equally effective in improving aerobic capacity (VO2max), body composition, and muscle strength. Conclusion The study results suggest that both LVHIIT and HVHIIT are equally effective in improving VO2max, body composition, and muscle strength, in sedentary young women. However, HVHIIT induces parasympathetic dominance as well, as measured by HRV.


PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9791
Author(s):  
Gabriel V. Protzen ◽  
Charles Bartel ◽  
Victor S. Coswig ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
Fabricio B. Del Vecchio

Background One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear. Methods Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate. Results The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Kate Patten ◽  
Luke McIlvenna ◽  
Alba Moreno-Asso ◽  
Nigel Nigel Stepto ◽  
Danielle Hiam

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex endocrinopathy with reproductive and metabolic manifestations, carrying a major health and economic burden. Exercise training has consistently been found improve clinical outcomes in women with PCOS, but shortfalls with exercise prescription are evident. Research suggests that high intensity intermittent exercise (HIIT) is feasible, well tolerated and enjoyable for people with or at risk of chronic disease and can address many of the shortfalls and barriers to exercise participation. To investigate the effects of high intensity exercise, twenty-four reproductive aged, overweight and obese, previously sedentary women with PCOS were recruited from the community and randomised to complete either 12 weeks of moderate intensity continuous cycling exercise (MOD; 50-60% of maximal heart rate [HRmax]; n=11) or HIIT (90-95% HRmax; n=13). All exercise was supervised by an exercise physiologist and completed 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Baseline and post testing measures consisted of peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) determine by a graded maximal exercise test, insulin sensitivity determined by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, body composition outcomes and anti-mullerian hormone (AMH). Enjoyment was also measured throughout the intervention using feeling scales. Significant improvements were seen for VO2peak after HIIT with an average increase of 5.6 ± 2.5 mL.kg-1.min-1 (P=0.013) and non-significant increases in the MOD group (3.4 ± 2.1 mL/kg/min; P=0.20). Body composition, fasting insulin and AMH values remained unchanged in both groups. Non-significant improvements in glucose infusion rate (3.3 ± 2.8 mg.lbmkg-1.min-1; P=0.06) and insulin sensitivity index (M-to-I ratio; 3.0 ± 3.8 mg.lbmkg-1.min-1[mU/I]-1 x 100; P=0.17) were found as a result of HIIT compared to no changes after moderate intensity exercise. Importantly, HIIT was also found to be more enjoyable than moderate intensity continuous exercise. The present study is the first to compare current exercise recommendations of moderate and vigorous intensities in women with PCOS. The results of this study provide preliminary validation of HIIT and should be considered for improving cardio-metabolic health in women with PCOS.


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