The Association of Metabolic Dysfunction with Breastfeeding Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. 1339-1345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Glover ◽  
Diane Berry ◽  
Todd Schwartz ◽  
Alison Stuebe
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cluster Randomized Trial ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Breastfeeding Cessation

Objective To evaluate the relationship between prenatal metabolic markers and breastfeeding outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Study Design Secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized trial of a lifestyle intervention to improve metabolic health among women with GDM. Women were enrolled between 22 and 36 weeks' gestation and followed through 10 months postpartum. Metabolic markers were measured at enrollment. Women reported when they stopped breastfeeding, whether they breastfed as long as desired, and when they introduced formula. We evaluated the association of tertiles of metabolic markers with undesired weaning and time to breastfeeding cessation using Cox proportional hazards models and Mantel–Haenszel chi-square tests, respectively. Results Eighty-two women were eligible for analysis. There was a statistically significant difference in time to breastfeeding cessation among tertiles of fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (A1c), body mass index (BMI), and skinfolds (all p < 0.05). Women with higher fasting glucose, BMI, or skinfolds were also more likely to report undesired weaning; women with higher fasting glucose introduced formula earlier. Conclusion Higher fasting glucose, A1c, BMI, and subscapular skinfolds were associated with earlier breastfeeding cessation in women with GDM. These markers may identify mothers in need of enhanced postpartum support to achieve their breastfeeding goals.

scholarly journals Para-Aortic Nodal Radiation in the Definitive Management of Node-Positive Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason C. Sanders ◽  
Donald A. Muller ◽  
Sunil W. Dutta ◽  
Taylor J. Corriher ◽  
Kari L. Ring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Node Positive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Severe Grade

ObjectivesTo investigate the safety and outcomes of elective para-aortic (PA) nodal irradiation utilizing modern treatment techniques for patients with node positive cervical cancer.MethodsPatients with pelvic lymph node positive cervical cancer who received radiation were included. All patients received radiation therapy (RT) to either a traditional pelvic field or an extended field to electively cover the PA nodes. Factors associated with survival were identified using a Cox proportional hazards model, and toxicities between groups were compared with a chi-square test.Results96 patients were identified with a mean follow up of 40 months. The incidence of acute grade ≥ 2 toxicity was 31% in the elective PA nodal RT group and 15% in the pelvic field group (Chi-square p = 0.067. There was no significant difference in rates of grade ≥ 3 acute or late toxicities between the two groups (p&gt;0.05). The KM estimated 5-year OS was not statistically different for those receiving elective PA nodal irradiation compared to a pelvic only field, 54% vs. 73% respectively (log-rank p = 0.11).ConclusionsElective PA nodal RT can safely be delivered utilizing modern planning techniques without a significant increase in severe (grade ≥ 3) acute or late toxicities, at the cost of a possible small increase in non-severe (grade 2) acute toxicities. In this series there was no survival benefit observed with the receipt of elective PA nodal RT, however, this benefit may have been obscured by the higher risk features of this population. While prospective randomized trials utilizing a risk adapted approach to elective PA nodal coverage are the only way to fully evaluate the benefit of elective PA nodal coverage, these trials are unlikely to be performed and instead we must rely on interpretation of results of risk adapted approaches like those used in ongoing clinical trials and retrospective data.

scholarly journals Relationship between Melanoma Stage at the Diagnosis and Survival During a period of 30 Years (1982-2011)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talal M Alkhaldi ◽  
Sakhr A Dawari ◽  
Sami A Aldaham
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hispanic Patients ◽  
The U.S

Melanoma is a malignant tumor of melanocytes, and is a potentially aggressive cancer. The incidence of melanoma is rising at a greater rate than any other cancer in the U.S. The aim of this study was to examine the association between melanoma stage at the time of diagnosis and survival among U.S. adult melanoma patients during 1982-2011. This was a secondary analysis of a non-concurrent cohort study conducted on 185219 U.S. adult patients who were diagnosed with primary cutaneous melanoma between 1982-2011. Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyze the data. Significance was assessed using p-value and 95% confidence interval. Men had more cutaneous melanoma. Black non-Hispanic patients were diagnosed less frequently. Patients who were married or in a domestic partnership were most likely to be diagnosed. The adjusted HR for distant melanoma was 141-fold that of in situ (95% CI 126.38-157.19). The adjusted HR was the highest in the first decade of diagnosis (1.7; 95% CI 1.6 1.75). In conclusion, survival is highly affected by melanoma stage at diagnosis. Black non-Hispanic patients had the lowest hazard ratio of all races. The sample size was large, which enhances the generalizability to the U.S. population.

scholarly journals Malignant Progression Contributes to the Failure of Combination Therapy for Atypical Meningiomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Zheng Wen ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Da Li ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Atypical Meningiomas

ObjectiveTo investigate the independent risk factors for recurrence in intracranial atypical meningiomas (AMs) treated with gross total resection (GTR) and early external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).MethodsClinical, radiological, and pathological data of intracranial AMs treated with GTR-plus-early-EBRT between January 2008 and July 2016 were reviewed. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 was performed. Kaplan–Meier curves and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to explore independent predictors of tumor recurrence. Chi square test was performed to compare variables between subgroups.ResultsForty-six patients with intracranial AMs underwent GTR and early EBRT. Ten (21.7%) recurred and three (6.5%) died during a median follow-up of 76.00 months. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses revealed that malignant progression (MP) (P = 0.009) was the only independent predictor for recurrence, while Ki-67 was of minor value in this aspect (P = 0.362). MP-AMs had a significantly higher recurrence rate (P = 0.008), a higher proportion of irregularly shaped tumors (P = 0.013) and significantly lower preoperative Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) scores (P = 0.040) than primary (Pri) AMs. No significant difference in Ki-67 expression was detected between these subgroups (P = 0.713).ConclusionsMP was significantly correlated with an increased incidence of recurrence in GTR-plus-early-EBRT-treated intracranial AMs. Significantly higher frequencies of tumor relapse and irregularly shaped tumors and lower preoperative KPS scores were observed in MP-AMs compared with Pri-AMs. Ki-67 expression is of minor value in predicting tumor recurrence or distinguishing tumor origins in AMs.

Abstract TP184: Did Race Impact Risk Factor Control in the SAMMPRIS Trial?

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia B Yamada ◽  
Tanya N Turan ◽  
George A Cotsonis ◽  
Michael Lynn ◽  
Oscar Benavente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Recurrent Stroke ◽  
Vascular Risk Factor ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Risk Factor Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: WASID showed that Blacks with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis are at higher risk of recurrent stroke and have a greater vascular risk factor burden than whites. We sought to determine if aggressive medical management (AMM) in SAMMPRIS resulted in equal control of risk factors in Blacks vs. other races and eliminated the racial disparity in outcome. Methods: Data on all 451 SAMMPRIS patients receiving AMM were used to determine risk factor control in Blacks vs. Others. SBP, LDL, and exercise were recorded throughout the trial, averaged (from baseline until primary endpoint), and dichotomized as in/out of target. Chi-square and t-tests were used to compare risk factor control in Blacks vs. Others. For outcome analyses, data from 227 patients randomized to AMM only were used. Time to event curves for the primary endpoint were compared between Blacks vs. Others using the log-rank test and hazard ratios were calculated with Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: There were no differences between the percentage of Blacks (n=104) vs. Others (n=347) that were in-target for SBP (57.1% vs 62.3%, p=0.36), LDL (40.4% vs 48.5%, p=0.14), or exercise (40.4% vs 43.2%, p=0.61) and no difference in mean SBP (135.2 vs 133.3 mm Hg, p=0.19), LDL (80.7 vs 76.3 mg/dL, p=0.19), or PACE exercise score (3.6 vs 3.8, p=0.27). There was a numerically higher primary endpoint rate among Blacks, but no statistically significant difference in outcome (Figure). However, power to detect a HR of 1.5 for Black race (the HR for the primary endpoint in WASID) was only 20%. Conclusions: Control of SBP and LDL, and exercise, which were highly associated with a good outcome in SAMMPRIS, were not different between Blacks and other races. However, the study lacked sufficient power to detect a difference in outcome between blacks and other races and therefore we cannot conclude that reducing racial disparities in risk factor control will lead to reducing disparities in outcome.

Comparative survival analysis of melanoma patients with secondary papillary thyroid carcinoma using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9068-9068
Author(s):  
E. D. Whitman ◽  
R. T. Bustami
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Significant Difference

9068 Background: Malignant melanoma (MM) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) may share genetic mutations. The expected mortality of a patient with both MM and PTC should be predominantly influenced by MM and unchanged by the PTC diagnosis, unless shared genetic abnormalities or other factors alter the phenotype of either or both diseases. We hypothesize patients with both MM and PTC have altered mortality risk compared to patients with either cancer alone. Methods: The study population included patients identified in the SEER 1973–2004 database who were diagnosed with MM or PTC as a primary tumor. The population was divided into four groups: (1) patients with MM only (MEL); (2) patients with PTC only (PAP); (3) patients who developed MM as a second primary after PTC (2MEL); and (4) patients diagnosed with PTC after MM (2PAP). Time between diagnosis and death or last follow up (December 2005) and other demographic data was obtained from SEER. Comparisons between the group death rates were made using the Chi-Square Test. A Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for patient characteristics, predicted the risk of death and survival by group. Results: 9575 SEER patient records were included: 6622 in MEL, 2778 in PAP, 113 in 2MEL and 62 in 2PAP. Overall, 2095 patients (22%) died. There was a significant difference in mortality rates between the groups: MEL 27%, PAP 9%, 2MEL 21% and 2PAP 18%, p<0.001 by Chi-Square. Controlling for other variables in a multivariate Cox model, patients in the 2MEL group were significantly less likely to die than MEL patients (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35–0.79, p=0.002). 2PAP patients, the smallest sample, also had a reduced likelihood of death that did not reach statistical significance (HR=0.75, 95% CI 0.42–1.37, p=.35). PAP patients had the best survival (HR=0.43, 95% CI 0.36–0.50,p<0.001). Other factors (age, race, gender and radiation therapy, data not shown) also significantly affected mortality. Conclusions: This study suggests that MM patients also diagnosed with PTC are more likely to survive than patients with MM alone. Identification of the causative factor(s) for this survival benefit will require additional epidemiologic and genetic studies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Survival for melanoma patients with pre-existing chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19057-e19057
Author(s):  
Eric D. Whitman ◽  
Rami Bustami
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

e19057 Background: Recent successes in melanoma drug development have rekindled interest in immunotherapy for melanoma (MM). Patients (pts) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a malignant expansion of B-lymphocytes, have an impaired immune system and not uncommonly develop secondary MM. We hypothesized that MM pts with pre-existing CLL are more likely to die than MM pts without a second malignancy. Methods: Pts were identified in the updated Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) (1973-2008) database with MM only (MEL) or with primary CLL and secondary MM (MELpCLL). Time between diagnosis and death or last follow up and other demographic SEER data were recorded. The Chi-Square Test was used to make unadjusted comparisons between group death rates. A Cox proportional hazards regression model, adjusted for patient characteristics, predicted the risk of death by group. Results: 8,294 SEER pts were included (8,115 in MEL, 179 in MELpCLL). With a median follow-up time of 7 years, 2,454 pts (30%) died. There was a significant difference in mortality rates between the groups: MEL 29% / MELpCLL 71%; p<0.001 by Chi-Square. In the multivariate Cox model (Table), MELpCLL pts were significantly more likely to die than MEL pts (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.02-1.46, p = 0.034). Higher risk of death was also significantly associated with older age and male gender (p<0.001) but not MM location (data not shown). MM data like thickness and ulceration were only available in more recent SEER records, precluding survival analysis. Conclusions: MELpCLL pts had a 22% increased risk of death compared to MEL pts in multivariate analysis, consistent with the hypothesis. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Survival rates and prognostic factors in right- and left-sided colon cancer stage I–IV: an unselected retrospective single-center trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudius E. Degro ◽  
Richard Strozynski ◽  
Florian N. Loch ◽  
Christian Schineis ◽  
Fiona Speichinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Purpose Colorectal cancer revealed over the last decades a remarkable shift with an increasing proportion of a right- compared to a left-sided tumor location. In the current study, we aimed to disclose clinicopathological differences between right- and left-sided colon cancer (rCC and lCC) with respect to mortality and outcome predictors. Methods In total, 417 patients with colon cancer stage I–IV were analyzed in the present retrospective single-center study. Survival rates were assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method and uni/multivariate analyses were performed with a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results Our study showed no significant difference of the overall survival between rCC and lCC stage I–IV (p = 0.354). Multivariate analysis revealed in the rCC cohort the worst outcome for ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) score IV patients (hazard ratio [HR]: 16.0; CI 95%: 2.1–123.5), CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) blood level > 100 µg/l (HR: 3.3; CI 95%: 1.2–9.0), increased lymph node ratio of 0.6–1.0 (HR: 5.3; CI 95%: 1.7–16.1), and grade 4 tumors (G4) (HR: 120.6; CI 95%: 6.7–2179.6) whereas in the lCC population, ASA score IV (HR: 8.9; CI 95%: 0.9–91.9), CEA blood level 20.1–100 µg/l (HR: 5.4; CI 95%: 2.4–12.4), conversion to laparotomy (HR: 14.1; CI 95%: 4.0–49.0), and severe surgical complications (Clavien-Dindo III–IV) (HR: 2.9; CI 95%: 1.5–5.5) were identified as predictors of a diminished overall survival. Conclusion Laterality disclosed no significant effect on the overall prognosis of colon cancer patients. However, group differences and distinct survival predictors could be identified in rCC and lCC patients.

The Efficacy of Etoposide-Based Therapy in Adult Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Leonard Naymagon ◽  
Douglas Tremblay ◽  
John Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Data supporting the use of etoposide-based therapy in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) arise largely from pediatric studies. There is a lack of comparable data among adult patients with secondary HLH. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of etoposide-based therapy on outcomes in adult secondary HLH. The primary outcome was overall survival. The log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan-Meier distributions of time-to-event outcomes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Ninety adults with secondary HLH seen between January 1, 2009, and January 6, 2020, were included. Forty-two patients (47%) received etoposide-based therapy, while 48 (53%) received treatment only for their inciting proinflammatory condition. Thirty-three patients in the etoposide group (72%) and 32 in the no-etoposide group (67%) died during follow-up. Median survival in the etoposide and no-etoposide groups was 1.04 and 1.39 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between the etoposide and no-etoposide groups (log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.4146). On multivariable analysis, there was no association between treatment with etoposide and survival (HR for death with etoposide = 1.067, 95% CI: 0.633–1.799, <i>p</i> = 0.8084). Use of etoposide-based therapy was not associated with improvement in outcomes in this large cohort of adult secondary HLH patients.

Effect of chest-compression-only bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the likelihood of initial shockable rhythm after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a propensity matching analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Funada ◽  
Y Goto ◽  
T Maeda ◽  
H Okada ◽  
M Takamura
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Chest Compression ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Shockable Rhythm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Bystander Cpr

Abstract Background/Introduction Shockable rhythm after cardiac arrest is highly expected after early initiation of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) owing to increased coronary perfusion. However, the relationship between bystander CPR and initial shockable rhythm in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. We hypothesized that chest-compression-only CPR (CC-CPR) before emergency medical service (EMS) arrival has an equivalent effect on the likelihood of initial shockable rhythm to the standard CPR (chest compression plus rescue breathing [S-CPR]). Purpose We aimed to examine the rate of initial shockable rhythm and 1-month outcomes in patients who received bystander CPR after OHCA. Methods The study included 59,688 patients (age, ≥18 years) who received bystander CPR after an OHCA with a presumed cardiac origin witnessed by a layperson in a prospectively recorded Japanese nationwide Utstein-style database from 2013 to 2017. Patients who received public-access defibrillation before arrival of the EMS personnel were excluded. The patients were divided into CC-CPR (n=51,520) and S-CPR (n=8168) groups according to the type of bystander CPR received. The primary end point was initial shockable rhythm recorded by the EMS personnel just after arrival at the site. The secondary end point was the 1-month outcomes (survival and neurologically intact survival) after OHCA. In the statistical analyses, a Cox proportional hazards model was applied to reflect the different bystander CPR durations before/after propensity score (PS) matching. Results The crude rate of the initial shockable rhythm in the CC-CPR group (21.3%, 10,946/51,520) was significantly higher than that in the S-CPR group (17.6%, 1441/8168, p&lt;0.0001) before PS matching. However, no significant difference in the rate of initial shockable rhythm was found between the 2 groups after PS matching (18.3% [1493/8168] vs 17.6% [1441/8168], p=0.30). In the Cox proportional hazards model, CC-CPR was more negatively associated with the initial shockable rhythm before PS matching (unadjusted hazards ratio [HR], 0.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–0.99; p=0.012; adjusted HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89–0.94; p&lt;0.0001) than S-CPR. After PS matching, however, no significant difference was found between the 2 groups (adjusted HR of CC-CPR compared with S-CPR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–1.00; p=0.09). No significant differences were found between C-CPR and S-CPR in the 1-month outcomes after PS matching as follows, respectively: survival, 8.5% and 10.1%; adjusted odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.79–1.00; p=0.07; cerebral performance category 1 or 2, 5.5% and 6.9%; adjusted odds, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.74–1.00; p=0.052. Conclusions Compared with S-CPR, the CC-CPR before EMS arrival had an equivalent multivariable-adjusted association with the likelihood of initial shockable rhythm in the patients with OHCA due to presumed cardiac causes that was witnessed by a layperson. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Clinicopathological Features, Prognostic Factors, Survival Trends, and Treatment of Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors: A SEER Database Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Hualei Guo ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Wenhui Wang ◽  
Lingna Chen
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Survival Curves ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathological prognostic factors of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) and evaluate the survival trends of MOGCT by histotype. Methods: We extracted data on 1,963 MOGCT cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2014 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the histological classification of MOGCT, including 5 categories: dysgerminoma, embryonal carcinoma (EC), yolk sac tumor, malignant teratoma, and mixed germ cell tumor. We examined overall and disease-specific survival of the 5 histological types. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate survival curves and prognostic factors. We also estimated survival curves of MOGCT according to different treatments. Results: There was a significant difference in prognosis among different histological classifications. Age, histotype, grade, SEER stage, and surgery were independent prognostic factors for survival of patients with MOGCT. For all histotypes, 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rate estimates were >85%, except for EC, which had the worst outcomes at 1 year (55.6%), 3 years (44.4%), and 5 years (33.3%). In the distant SEER stage, both chemotherapy and surgery were associated with improved survival outcomes compared with surgery- and chemotherapy-only groups. Conclusions: Dysgerminoma patients had the most favorable outcomes, whereas EC patients had the worst survival. A young age, low grade, and surgery were all significant predictors for improved survival. In contrast, a distant SEER stage was a risk factor for poor survival. Chemotherapy combined with surgery contributed to longer survival times of patients with MOGCT in the distant SEER stage.

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