Properties of Fibrinogenolysis and Fibrinolysis Products in Immune Assays

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (01/02) ◽  
pp. 114-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K Beller ◽  
M Maki
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Radial Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ca Ions ◽  
Immune Assays ◽  
Product Fraction

SummaryAn evaluation of split products derived from fibrinogen and fibrin gave the following results:1. Fibrinogen can be assayed in the presence of split products by the following techniques: Fibrinogen assay according to Ratnoff and Menzie and immuno radial diffusion after heat precipitation. Using the thrombin clotting time the recovery is improved if the incubation time is extended up to 24 hrs and further by adding Ca ions.2. On immune electrophoresis split products separate only in serum but not in plasma. If however, euglobulin fractions and acidified plasma were prepared separation occured.3. The larger split product, fraction D, derived from fibrinogen is heat labile, whereas it is heat stabile if it is derived from fibrin. Thrombin as well as large concentrations of plasmin stabilize the split product from fibrinogen against heat.4. The prolongation of thrombin clotting time in the presence of fibrinogenolysis split products disappears after heating. Split products derived from fibrin do not prolong the thrombin clotting time. A prolongation however, develops after heating.5. It is suggested that differentiation between intravascular coagulation and proteolysis is possible on the basis of the combined techniques of immune electrophoresis, radial diffusion method and the thrombin clotting time before and after heating.

scholarly journals Validating Anti-Infective Activity of Pleurotus Opuntiae via Standardization of Its Bioactive Mycoconstituents through Multimodal Biochemical Approach

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Aprajita Tiwari Pandey ◽  
Ishan Pandey ◽  
Anurag Kanase ◽  
Amita Verma ◽  
Beatriz Garcia-Canibano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Medication Regimen ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Retention Factors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Solvent Systems

Mushrooms produce a variety of bioactive compounds that are known to have anti-pathogenic properties with safer and effective therapeutic effects in human disease prognosis. The antibacterial activity of ethanol and methanol extracts of Pleurotus opuntiae were checked against pathogenic microorganisms viz. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis NCIM 2300, Proteus vulgaris NCIM 5266, Serratia marcescens NCIM 2078, Shigella flexeneri NCIM 5265, Moraxella sp. NCIM 2795, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 by agar well diffusion method at different concentrations of the extracts. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts was determined by INT (Iodonitrotetrazolium chloride) colorimetric assay. Extracts were standardized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) in different solvent systems. The Retention factors (Rf) of different compounds were calculated by high performance TLC (HPTLC) fingerprinting at UV 254, 366, and 540 nm before and after derivatization. The ethanol and methanol extracts of P. opuntiae showed bactericidal activity against all the test pathogens at MIC values of 15.6 to 52.08 mg/mL and 20.81 to 52.08 mg/mL respectively. Whereas the MBC values for ethanol and methanol extract of P. opuntiae against all pathogens were recorded as 26.03 to 62.5 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL respectively. Preliminary mycochemical screening of both the extracts revealed high contents of bioactive compounds. Amongst all the solvent systems used in TLC, the best result was given by chloroform + hexane (8:2) which eluted out 5 different compounds (spots). HPTLC results revealed spots with different Rf values for all the 24 compounds present. Thus, it can be inferred from the present investigation that the mycoconstituents could be an alternative medication regimen and could play a role in new drug discoveries against different infections. Further, the antimicrobial components of these mushrooms can be transformed to bioengineered antimicrobial coatings for surfaces, drug and other hybrid systems for public health implications in combating persistent infections.

A new sensitive radial diffusion method for microdetermination of α-amylase

1982 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horst-Dietmar Tauschel ◽  
Claus Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Radial Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PROFILING OF DAIRY WASTEWATER DEGRADING NATIVE EFFICIENT MICROBIAL ISOLATES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Anupama Bhardwaj ◽  
Jagtar Singh ◽  
Sonia Chaman ◽  
Amit Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Microbial Isolates

Objective: The objective of this study is to make sure biotreatment process used for treatment of dairy wastewater (DWW) is safe for human and its surrounding environment; microbes were evaluated for their antibiotic resistance profile against commonly prescribed antibiotics. Methods: Microbes were isolated using spread plating and streaking method and used to treat DWW. Reduction in organic load in DWW was determined by comparing physicochemical parameters (PCP) of DWW before and after treatment process. After selection of efficient microbial isolates, they were evaluated for their antibiotic resistance profile using antibiotic disc diffusion method. Results: In this work, 53 microbes were isolated from DWW, and these microbial isolates were screened for DWW degradation capacity by analyzing PCP. Four microbial isolates E3, E5, E11 (bacterial isolates) and F5 (fungal isolate) showed highest reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were selected for profound degradation of DWW under optimized conditions. Efficient four microbial isolates individually performed better under anaerobic conditions by showing maximum reduction 84%, 75%, and 77% in COD, BOD, and DO, respectively. After 72 hrs of antibiotic susceptibility testing, E3 strain had shown 100%, E5 90%, E11 70%, and F5 80% susceptibility to antibiotics. Conclusion: The present study concluded that four microbial isolates had the potential of reducing the organic load of DWW along with lessor or negligible adverse effect on human or its surrounding environment and they appear to be most promising strains for treatment of DWW. 

scholarly journals Curcumin as Efflux Pump Inhibitor Agent for Enhancement Treatment Against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Sulaiman D. Sulaiman ◽  
Ghusoon A. Abdulhasan
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibitor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chromogenic Agar ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered as a developing opportunistic nosocomial pathogen and is well-known for its multidrug resistance that can be efficiently treated by a combination of antibiotics andefflux pump inhibitors (EPI). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin as an EPI for the enhancement of the effectiveness of antibiotics against multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates ofP. aeruginosa. Susceptibility patterns of suspected bacteria was determined using the disc diffusion method andresistant bacteria were identified using chromogenic agar and 16S rDNA. The effectsof curcuminon the enhancement of antibiotics’s activity was evaluated usingthe broth microdilution method.The susceptibility patterns for 50 (67.6%) suspectedP. aeruginosaisolates showed that 36 (72%) of these isolateswere resistant to one of the used antibiotics,whereasonly 21 (42%) were MDR. The highest percentage of resistance was observedtoceftazidime (66%) followed by ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (40%). Only 35 isolates were specified by chromogenic agar and 16S rDNAas P. aeruginosa.The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 35 isolates for ciprofloxacin resistant was between 4 and128 µg/ml while for ceftazidime was between 64and 512 µg/ml. After the addition of 50 μg/ml curcumin with ciprofloxacin, there wasa significant increase in the sensitivity (p≤ 0.01) of 13 MDR P.aeroginosa isolates whereas no differences in the sensitivity to ceftazidime were recorded before and after addition ofcurcumin. In conclusion, the results of this study show that curcumin can decrease the MIC value of ciprofloxacin in MDR isolates of P. aeruginosaand can be used as a native compound to enhance the treatment of resistant isolates with ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals KLT BIOAUTOGRAFI HASIL PARTISI EKSTRAK ETANOL HERBA BANDOTAN (Ageratum conyzoides L.) TERHADAP Shigella dysentriae

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Surya Sumantri Abdullah ◽  
Natsir Djide ◽  
Sartini Natsir
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diameter Measurement ◽  
Steroid Compound ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Bioassay Method

Penelitian uji daya hambat dan analisis KLT bioautografi hasil partisi ekstrak etanol herba bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) terhadap Shigella dysentriae  telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ekstrak tersebut dalam menghambat pertumbuhan S.dysentriae dan membandingkan daya hambat ekstrak dengan tingkat kepolaran yang berbeda yaitu pada ekstrak n-heksana, larut etil asetat, dan tidak larut etil asetat berdasarkan  pengukurandiameter hambatan yang terbentuk. Herba tersebut diekstraksi dengan etanol menggunakan metode maserasi, lalu dipartisi dengan pelarut n-heksana dan etil asetat. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi pada medium Miller Hinton Agar (MHA) dengan waktu inkubasi 24 jam pada suhu 37oC dan memberikan diameter daerah hambatan terbesar pada ekstrak tidak larut etil asetat herba bandotan yaitu 9,3 dan 10,3 mm. Pemisahan secara KLT pada ekstrak n-heksana, ekstrak etil asetat, dan ekstrak tidak larut etil asetat dengan cairan pengelusi berturut-turut, n-heksana:etil asetat (3:1), n-heksana:etil asetat (1:1), dan etil asetat:etanol (10:1) dengan jumlah bercak noda berturut-turut 4, 5, dan 2. Nilai Rf pada ekstrak n-heksana 0.25, 0.41, 0.52, dan 0.71 sedangkan pada ekstrak etil asetat 0.34, 0.53, 0.65, 0.81, dan 0.92 pada ekstrak tidak larut etil asetat 0.33 dan 0.64. Hasil KLT bioautografi diperoleh komponen antibakteri yang diidentifikasi ekstrak n-heksana adalah golongan steroid dan pada tidak larut etil asetat golongan polifenol ABSTRACTInhibition test research and TLC bioautographic bioassay method of the partition results of the ethanol extract of bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) herb against Shigella dysentriae have been conducted. This study aims to determine the ability of these extracts to inhibit S.dysentriae growth and to compare the inhibition of extracts with different polarity levels, n-hexane soluble, ethyl acetate soluble, and ethyl acetate insoluble extracts based on the diameter measurement of the formed resistance. The herbs were extracted with ethanol using the maceration method, then partitioned with n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. Measurements were carried out using the diffusion method on Miller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium with an incubation time of 24 hours at 37oC and gave the largest diameter area of resistance to the ethyl acetate insoluble extract of bandotan herb, value 9.3 and 10.3 mm. Separation by TLC on n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract, and ethyl acetate insoluble extract with elusive liquid respectively, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3: 1), n-hexane: ethyl acetate (1: 1), and ethyl acetate: ethanol (10: 1) with the number of stains 4, 5, and 2, respectively. 0.81, and 0.92 in ethyl acetate insoluble extracts 0.33 and 0.64. The results of the bioautography TLC bioassay method showed that the antibacterial component identified in the n-hexane extract was a steroid compound and ethyl acetate insoluble was a polyphenol compound.

scholarly journals Disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs with gastric dilatation-volvulus syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 587-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Uhrikova ◽  
K. Machackova ◽  
L. Rauserova-Lexmaulova ◽  
K. Rehakova ◽  
J. Doubek
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Gastric Dilatation ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Fibrinolytic Parameters

Gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome is associated with changes in haemostatic profiles. The aims of this study were to compare selected haemostatic and fibrinolytic parameters between healthy dogs and dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, estimate the incidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and determine the most sensitive test for detection of DIC in these patients. Blood was collected from 22 dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, and nine healthy control dogs. Platelet counts, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentrations and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products were measured in all control dogs and patients with gastric dilatation and volvulus syndrome, before and after surgery. Significant differences between control dogs and patients were seen in activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products before surgery and all measured parameters after surgery. The incidence of DIC was 59%. The most sensitive tests for detection of DIC before surgery were those for activated partial thromboplastin time and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products.

Evaluation of the reversibility of iodide uptake by argillaceous rocks by the radial diffusion method

2006 ◽  
Vol 94 (9-11) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Savoye ◽  
J.-L. Michelot ◽  
C. Wittebroodt
Keyword(s):  
Radial Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Iodide Uptake ◽  
Argillaceous Rocks

Laboratory radial in- and out-diffusion experiments were performed to investigate the reversibility of the iodide (I

FVIII:C Inhibitor Assays By Amidolytic Methods

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
I J Mackie ◽  
M J Seghatchian
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Parallel Line ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fviii Inhibitor ◽  
End Point Detection ◽  
Point Detection

Numerous problems are associated with the present assays of FVIII inhibitors, which give discrepant results between and within laboratories. We have attempted to remove some of the problems by using a FVIII assay based on FXa generation using a chromogenic substrate for end point detection instead of measuring a clotting time.Nine plasmas from FVIII inhibitor patients were assayed several times by Bethesda and New Oxford methods, using both clotting and chromogenic FVIII assays. For the latter, the incubated samples were diluted in glyoxaline buffer and mixed with Diagen FVIII reagent and the synthetic substrate S2222. The reaction was left to proceed until suitable amounts of PNA were produced and then stopped with acetic acid. An azo dye technique was used to intensify the colour, which was measured at 540 nm, parallel line bioassays were then performed. The table summarises the inhibitor unitages (mean values).A good correlation was obtained between clotting and amidolytic methods, except that the latter gave overall, slightly lower results. A marked discrepancy existed between Bethesda and New Oxford methods whichever type of FVIII assay was used. The chromogenic method therefore seems to measure a similar entity to clotting methods, and has the advantages that it may be modified in terms of incubation time and substrate concentration to suit the demand, and most importantly it requires minimal technician time. Most of the steps can be automated.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli from Diarrheic Weaned Piglets after the Ban on Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Feed

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Kyung-Hyo ◽  
Byun Jae-Won ◽  
Lee Wan-Kyu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study aimed to survey the antimicrobial resistance profiles of 690 pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from Korean pigs with symptoms of enteric colibacillosis between 2007 and 2017, while assessing the change in antimicrobial resistance profiles before and after the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the antimicrobial resistance phenotype was analyzed through the disk diffusion method, and the genotype was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction. After the ban on AGPs, resistance to gentamicin (from 68.8% to 39.0%), neomycin (from 84.9% to 57.8%), ciprofloxacin (from 49.5% to 39.6%), norfloxacin (from 46.8% to 37.3%), and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (from 40.8% to 23.5%) decreased compared to before the ban. However, resistance to cephalothin (from 51.4% to 66.5%), cefepime (from 0.0% to 2.4%), and colistin (from 7.3% to 11.0%) had increased. We confirmed a high percentage of multidrug resistance before (95.0%) and after (96.6%) the ban on AGPs. The AmpC gene was the most prevalent from 2007 to 2017 (60.0%), followed by the blaTEM gene (55.5%). The blaTEM was prevalent before (2007–2011, 69.3%) and after (2012–2017, 49.2%) the ban on AGPs. These results provide data that can be used for the prevention and treatment of enteric colibacillosis.

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