The effect of temperature change on fluoride uptake from a mouthrinse by enamel specimens

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on fluoride uptake by enamel specimens from a 0.05% NaF-fluoridated mouthrinse (Oral-B Advantage; Oral-B Laboratories, Newbridge, UK).Methods: Enamel specimens were prepared from extracted human maxillary central incisors. A fluoride-specific ion electrode was used to measure the uptake from a 2 ppm fluoride solution containing 50.0 mL of distilled water, total ion strength adjustment buffer, and fluoridated rinse at 3 different temperatures (room temperature, 25°C; human body temperature, 37°C; hyper-fever temperature, 43°C). One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference were used to assess intragroup and intergroup differences (P<.05).Results: The study found that both the amount and the rate of fluoride uptake increased significantly with increase in temperature. This effect was particularly noticeable at 43°C.Conclusions: The temperature of the NaF mouthrinse may easily and safely be increased beyond room temperature by placing a container of the NaF mouthrinse in a bowl of hot water, allowing greater fluoride penetration into the enamel from the mouthrinse when used at home as a routine prophylactic agent. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:361-369)

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Effects of adhesive systems at different temperatures on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets

Journal of Dental Research Dental Clinics Dental Prospects ◽

10.15171/joddd.2019.016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

Serdar Akarsu ◽

Suleyman Kutalmış Buyuk ◽

Ahmet Serkan Kucukekenci

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Testing Machine ◽

The Body ◽

Orthodontic Brackets ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Temperatures

Background. The temperature might affect the physical and mechanical properties of adhesive materials by reducing the polymerization rate. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of temperature on the shear bond strength of metallic orthodontic brackets using various adhesive resin systems. Methods. Extracted human premolar teeth were randomly assigned to 8 groups (n=10) for bonding with the two available orthodontics adhesive systems (Transbond XT and NeoBond) at different temperatures: refrigeration temperature (4°C), room temperature (20°C), human body temperature (36°C) and high temperature (55°C). The shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was assigned to the fractured orthodontic brackets. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey tests and independent t-test. Results. Transbond XT exhibited higher SBS values compared to Neobond at all the tested temperatures; however, a statistically significant difference was not observed (P>0.05). The SBS results were minimum at 4°C and maximum at 36°C in both the adhesive groups (P<0.05). Conclusion. Pre-heating orthodontic adhesives up to the body temperature prior to bonding the brackets in orthodontic treatment increased the bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

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Temperature dependence of the rigid amorphous fraction of poly(butylene succinate)

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ra03775g ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (41) ◽

pp. 25731-25737

Author(s):

Maria Cristina Righetti ◽

Maria Laura Di Lorenzo ◽

Patrizia Cinelli ◽

Massimo Gazzano

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Temperature Dependence ◽

Human Body ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Rigid Amorphous Fraction ◽

Butylene Succinate ◽

Amorphous Fraction ◽

Human Body Temperature ◽

Rigid Amorphous

At room temperature and at the human body temperature, all the amorphous fraction is mobile in poly(butylene succinate).

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Effect of temperature and scarification on germination and emergence of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb.

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600052345 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 239-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Bassiri ◽

I. Rouhani ◽

S. R. Ghorashy

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Wild Type ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Wild Safflower ◽

Wild Seed

SUMMARYSeeds of wild safflower, Carthamus oxyacantha Bieb., collected from the Bajgah area, Iran, were subjected to chilling and/or scarification and their germination and emergence characteristics and seedling growth were studied in two laboratory experiments. Seeds of Arak 2811 variety of cultivated safflower, C. tinctorius L., harvested from the same area at the same time was used for comparison.In the first experiment, the untreated, scarified, chilled at 0 °C for 1 month, and chilled and scarified wild seed and seed of the variety Arak 2811 were incubated at six different temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and their germination percentage and seedling lengths were recorded. In the second experiment, the seeds of the above five treatments were planted in a silty clay loam at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) and their emergence and seedling heights were noted.In all cases, the cultivated variety, Arak 2811, had higher germination and emergence percentages and seedling heights than the wild type. Germination of both strains was greatly reduced at the two extreme temperatures (5 and 30 °C). The optimum temperatures for germination of the wild and the cultivated strains were between 15 and 20 °C.Scarification of the wild seed did not improve the germination or emergence percentages and chilling of the seed for a month at 0 °C reduced the emergence of the wild seed. Temperature of germination, however, seemed to be an important factor affecting germination and seedling growth of wild safflower.

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NEW STANDARDS FOR FEVER SCREENING WITH THERMAL IMAGING SYSTEMS

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219519413500450 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (02) ◽

pp. 1350045 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E. F. J. RING ◽

A. JUNG ◽

B. KALICKI ◽

J. ZUBER ◽

A. RUSTECKA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Human Body ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Imaging Systems ◽

Contact Site ◽

Infrared Thermal Imaging ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Human Body Temperature ◽

Eye Region

Infrared thermal imaging has in recent years become more accessible and affordable as a means of remote sensing for human body temperature such as in identifying a person with fever. The implementation and operational guidelines for identifying a febrile human using a screening thermograph as documented in the ISO/TR 13154:2009 ISO/TR 80600 has been deployed for the screening of a total of 402 children. It was found that there was a significant difference between the temperatures measured in non-fevered patients and those with known fever, with the thermal imaging of the eye region being the most rapid non-contact site for measurement.

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Refinement of 2-Amino-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine at Three Different Temperatures using Image-Plate Data

Journal of Applied Crystallography ◽

10.1107/s0021889896000180 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 261-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Perrakis ◽

T. R. Schneider ◽

E. Antoniadou-Vyzas ◽

Z. Dauter ◽

S. J. Hamodrakas

Keyword(s):

Small Molecule ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Image Plate ◽

Rotation Method ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Using Data

The structure of 2-amino-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-(tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine was refined using data collected at three different temperatures [room temperature (293 K), 150 K and 85 K] with the use of an image-plate scanner in an attempt to study the effect of temperature on the disorder of the adamantyl group. It is demonstrated that the data collected with the rotation method and an image-plate scanner are of a high enough quality to be used for the refinement of small-molecule structures.

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Damage Prediction of CPVC Based on Energy Method at Different Temperatures

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.820.179 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 820 ◽

pp. 179-187

Author(s):

Fatima Gugouch ◽

Sara Sandabad ◽

Nadia Mouhib ◽

Abderrazak En-Naji ◽

Mohamed El Ghorba

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Chloride ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Critical Value ◽

Hot Water ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Strain Variation ◽

Damage Prediction ◽

Test Pieces ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Three Stages

The Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride pipes used for the supply of cold and hot water are designed and manufactured for a 50 years predictive life, but defects and harmfulness may occur during the transport process, storage and operation of tubes that significantly affect these forecasts. This work deals with the study of the mechanical behavior of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CVPC) specimens subjected to tensile tests under the effect of temperature. Moreover, a study of damage evolution by the ultimate energy makes it possible to determine the three stages of the lifetime of the test pieces studied. On the basis of the stress-strain variation curves plotted from the experimental results, the critical value of the fraction of life corresponding to the acceleration of the damage was determined.

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The effect of temperature on the development and survival of the infective larvae of Strongyloides ratti Sandground, 1925

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000028936 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 641-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

J. Barrett

Keyword(s):

Culture Media ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Temperature Adaptation ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Free Living ◽

Larval Stages ◽

Infective Larvae ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Show Maximum Activity ◽

Different Temperatures

The development of the free-living infective larvae of a homogonic strain Strongyloides ratti is described.The larvae develop only between 15 and 34 °C. Transfer experiments show the temperature block to be in the preparation for the second moult.Within the temperature range 15–34 °C, increasing the temperature speeds up the rate of development of all the larval stages equally, the Q10 for development being 2·5.The maximum percentage development occurs at 20 °C. The percentage development is highest in faeces–peat culture (95% development at 20 °C), whilst the percentage development in charcoal and vermiculite cultures is about the same (75% development at 20 °C.).Larvae grown on charcoal cultures are larger than those grown on vermiculite, which are larger than those grown on peat. No significant difference was found in the length:oesophagus and length:width ratios or in the variability of larvae grown at different temperatures or on different culture media.Different worm densities in the cultures of from 2000 to 10000 larvae per g of culture did not affect either the size of the infective larve or the percentage development.The optimum temperature for survival is 15 °C. Worms grown at 20 °C lived longer than worms grown at any other temperature. There was no evidence of temperature adaptation by the larvae.The infective larvae are positively thermotactic, and show maximum activity at 37 °C.I should like to thank my supervisor, Dr Tate, for his advice and encouragement. The work was carried out during the tenure of a Medical Research Council Scholarship.

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Fruit Description and Evaluation of Five Treatments to Break Seed Dormancy of Brownlowia peltata Benth.

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i4.686 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Arief Noor Rachmadiyanto ◽

Peniwidiyanti . ◽

Prima Wahyu Kusuma Hutabarat

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Block Design ◽

Seed Viability ◽

Hot Water ◽

Average Weight ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

And Control

Brownlowia peltata Benth. is a native tree from Borneo, in its germination problem was physical dormancy due to the hard pericarp of the fruit. The study aimed to evaluate five treatments for breaking the seed physical dormancy and the fruit description. The experiment was using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four different temperatures of water immersion, a scarification, and control. The fruit of B. peltata was a woody follicle; belong to yellow green group 148 A in color; 29.64 mm in long; 21.62 mm in thickness; 29.86 mm in wide, with an average weight of 12.05 g. Hot water immersion treatment of 40 °C for 60 s; 60 °C for 60 s and 80 °C for 30 s could raise the fruit moisture content of 0.92 % to 1.04 %. There was a significant difference on germination rate coefficient and coefficient of uniformity of germination among treatments. The mature seed does not have a physical dormancy once the carpel splits and create a slit (fruit opening).<div>Keywords: Brownlowia pellata Benth; dormancy; fruit; seed; viability.</div>

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Seed and Seedling Response of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) Baill. to Lengths of Storage at Room Temperature and Pretreatments

Asian Journal of Research in Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.9734/ajraf/2020/v6i130097 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 33-42

Author(s):

Olufunke O. Olayode

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Block Design ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Hot Water ◽

State University ◽

Assessment Period ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Natural Range ◽

Irvingia Gabonensis

Aims: This study was carried out to evaluate the response of seeds and seedlings of Irvingia gabonensis to different lengths of storage at room temperature and pretreatments. Study Design: Randomized Complete Block Design was used. Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the nursery of the Department of Forest Resources and Wildlife Management, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Methods: Mature fruits of I. gabonensis were obtained from its area of natural range in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Depulped seeds were subjected to different lengths of storage and pretreatments. The different lengths of storage were Fresh, 7days, 14days, 21days and 28days represented as LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4 and LS5 respectively. Pretreatments were control, steeping in water at room temperature, soaking in hot water and scarification represented as PT1, PT2, PT3 and PT4 respectively. Results: In LS1, germination began under PT1, PT2 and PT4 at 20, 19 and 21 Days after Sowing (DAS) respectively producing 90%, 100% and 100% germination respectively. Under LS2, seeds subjected to PT1, PT2 and PT4 germinated at 23, 24 and 23 DAS giving 90%, 90% and 80% germination respectively. At LS3, germination began in PT1, PT2 and PT4 at 26, 27 and 26 DAS producing 60%, 90% and 60% germination. However, seeds subjected to PT3 did not germinate throughout duration of experiment. Although, Analysis of Variance revealed significant difference at certain assessment period for seedling growth variables, there were no marked differences. Conclusion: Seeds of Irvingia gabonensis can be successfully stored for up to four weeks at room temperature without a significant loss in viability although germination percentage would reduce with increasing length of storage. Soaking I. gabonensis seeds in water at room temperature can be adopted for pretreating its seeds prior to sowing although untreated seeds still produced good germination.

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Effects of Different Temperatures and Storage Time on the Degree of Conversion and Microhardness of Resin-based Composites

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1830 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maan M AlShaafi

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Storage Time ◽

Light Emitting Diode ◽

Dental Materials ◽

Degree Of Conversion ◽

Curing Temperature ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

And Storage ◽

Made In

ABSTRACT Objective Dental materials are often made at room temperature, whereas clinically they are made in the mouth. This study evaluated the effects of temperature on the degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KHN). Materials and methods Two types of resin-based composites (RBCs) were light-cured using a light-emitting diode (LED) lightcuring unit. The resin specimens were centered on an Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) plate heated to 23°C or 33°C. The DC of the resin was calculated after 120 seconds, the specimens were removed, and the KHN was tested at the bottom of the specimens both immediately, after 24 hours, and after 7 days storage in distilled water in complete darkness at 37°C. The effects of different temperatures on the DC and KHN with their storage time were compared by analysis of variance and Fisher's protected least significant difference post hoc multiple comparison tests (p < 0.05). Results Increasing the temperature had a significant and positive effect on the DC and KHN for immediate values of the RBCs. Greater conversion and hardness occurred when the curing temperature was increased from 23°C to 33°C. The KHN increased significantly after 24 hours of storage. There was a linear relationship between DC and KHN (R2 = 0.86) within the range of DC and KHN studied. Conclusion The physical properties of dental materials can be expected to be better when made in the mouth than when they are made in a laboratory at room temperature. How to cite this article AlShaafi MM. Effects of Different Temperatures and Storage Time on the Degree of Conversion and Microhardness of Resin-based Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(3):217-223.

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