Damage Prediction of CPVC Based on Energy Method at Different Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Fatima Gugouch ◽  
Sara Sandabad ◽  
Nadia Mouhib ◽  
Abderrazak En-Naji ◽  
Mohamed El Ghorba
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Strain Variation ◽  
Damage Prediction ◽  
Test Pieces ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Three Stages

The Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride pipes used for the supply of cold and hot water are designed and manufactured for a 50 years predictive life, but defects and harmfulness may occur during the transport process, storage and operation of tubes that significantly affect these forecasts. This work deals with the study of the mechanical behavior of Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride (CVPC) specimens subjected to tensile tests under the effect of temperature. Moreover, a study of damage evolution by the ultimate energy makes it possible to determine the three stages of the lifetime of the test pieces studied. On the basis of the stress-strain variation curves plotted from the experimental results, the critical value of the fraction of life corresponding to the acceleration of the damage was determined.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature change on fluoride uptake from a mouthrinse by enamel specimens

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Baglar ◽  
Adil Nalcaci ◽  
Mustafa Tastekin
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fluoride Solution ◽  
Fluoride Uptake ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Body Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of temperature on fluoride uptake by enamel specimens from a 0.05% NaF-fluoridated mouthrinse (Oral-B Advantage; Oral-B Laboratories, Newbridge, UK).Methods: Enamel specimens were prepared from extracted human maxillary central incisors. A fluoride-specific ion electrode was used to measure the uptake from a 2 ppm fluoride solution containing 50.0 mL of distilled water, total ion strength adjustment buffer, and fluoridated rinse at 3 different temperatures (room temperature, 25°C; human body temperature, 37°C; hyper-fever temperature, 43°C). One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference were used to assess intragroup and intergroup differences (P<.05).Results: The study found that both the amount and the rate of fluoride uptake increased significantly with increase in temperature. This effect was particularly noticeable at 43°C.Conclusions: The temperature of the NaF mouthrinse may easily and safely be increased beyond room temperature by placing a container of the NaF mouthrinse in a bowl of hot water, allowing greater fluoride penetration into the enamel from the mouthrinse when used at home as a routine prophylactic agent. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:361-369)

Effect of temperature on seed set and in vitro pollen germination in French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (101) ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Farlow ◽  
DE Byth ◽  
NS Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
French Bean ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Vitro Pollen Germination ◽  
French Beans ◽  
Different Temperatures

A technique for in vitro germination of French bean pollen was developed and the effect of temperature on gamete development, pollen germination and seed set investigated. Temperature had a profound effect on in vitro pollen germination percentage, pollen tube growth and bursting percentage. These were maximal at 7.2�C, 16.7�C and 38.3�C, respectively. In this study, pollen development was not affected at day/night temperatures of 16.1�/12.8�C, and ovule abortion was the cause of seed set failure at these temperatures. Hot water treatment (48�-44�C) of flowers caused failure of seed set due to pollen inviability. Consequently this technique may allow hybridization without emasculation in beans. Treatment of buds with hot water of different temperatures and in vitro pollen germination at high temperatures may have application as screening techniques for heat tolerance in French beans.

The Effect of Temperature and Strain-Rate Sensitivity on Formability of AA 5754

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 1596-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mevlut Turkoz ◽  
Selcuk Halkacı ◽  
Muammer Koç
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Warm Hydroforming ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Different Strains

Aluminum alloys have limited usage because of their limited formability at room temperatures. In order to design and develop more parts made of aluminum, new forming techniques such as hydroforming, warm forming and warm hydroforming have been researched to overcome the low formability issues. This, in turn, necessitates understanding and modeling the behavior of aluminum alloys at different temperatures and strain rates. This paper deals with the investigation of the effect of temperature and strain rate sensitivity on the formability of AA 5754 aluminum alloy. Tensile tests were carried out at temperatures of 20,100,180 and 260°C and forming rates of 25, 100 and 250 mm/min. The mechanical properties and flow curves were obtained and the strain rate sensitivities were calculated at different strains and temperatures. The effects of temperature and strain rate sensitivity on the formability were introduced.

scholarly journals A Unified Strength Model of Asphalt Mixture Considering Temperature Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Qian ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Xi Li ◽  
Huanan Yu ◽  
Xiangbing Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Strength Model ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Shear Property ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Direct Tensile

The strength characteristics of asphalt mixture is crucial for the design and construction of asphalt roads. A strength model considering the effect of temperature is presented in this paper based on unified strength theory (UST). Firstly, direct tensile tests, uniaxial compression tests and anti-shear property tests of asphalt mixture were carried out respectively at different temperatures. Key mechanical parameters were obtained, including tensile strength (σt), compressive strength (σc) and shear strength (τ0) at different temperatures. Besides, the temperature sensitivity of σt, σc and τ0 was systematically analyzed. The results showed that the UST parameters of tensile-compression strength ratio α and failure criterion parameter b have a linear relationship with temperature t. A theoretical model to describe strength characteristics with the temperature of asphalt mixture was developed finally. The developed model was validated via applicability analysis. and it will provide theoretical support for the study of strength characteristics of asphalt mixture and engineering practice.

scholarly journals The Respiration of some Planktonic copepods II. The Effect Of Temperature

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. Gauld ◽  
J. E. G. Raymont
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acartia Clausi ◽  
Temora Longicornis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Planktonic Copepods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

The respiratory rates of three species of planktonic copepods, Acartia clausi, Centropages hamatus and Temora longicornis, were measured at four different temperatures.The relationship between respiratory rate and temperature was found to be similar to that previously found for Calanus, although the slope of the curves differed in the different species.The observations on Centropages at 13 and 170 C. can be divided into two groups and it is suggested that the differences are due to the use of copepods from two different generations.The relationship between the respiratory rates and lengths of Acartia and Centropages agreed very well with that previously found for other species. That for Temora was rather different: the difference is probably due to the distinct difference in the shape of the body of Temora from those of the other species.The application of these measurements to estimates of the food requirements of the copepods is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature, CO2 and O2 on motility and mobility of Anisakidae larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyan Guan ◽  
Inge Van Damme ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Sarah Gabriël
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractAnisakidae, marine nematodes, are underrecognized fish-borne zoonotic parasites. Studies on factors that could trigger parasites to actively migrate out of the fish are very limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different environmental conditions (temperature, CO2 and O2) on larval motility (in situ movement) and mobility (migration) in vitro. Larvae were collected by candling or enzymatic digestion from infected fish, identified morphologically and confirmed molecularly. Individual larvae were transferred to a semi-solid Phosphate Buffered Saline agar, and subjected to different temperatures (6 ℃, 12 ℃, 22 ℃, 37 ℃) at air conditions. Moreover, different combinations of CO2 and O2 with N2 as filler were tested, at both 6 °C and 12 °C. Video recordings of larvae were translated into scores for larval motility and mobility. Results showed that temperature had significant influence on larval movements, with the highest motility and mobility observed at 22 ℃ for Anisakis spp. larvae and 37 ℃ for Pseudoterranova spp. larvae. During the first 10 min, the median migration of Anisakis spp. larvae was 10 cm at 22 ℃, and the median migration of Pseudoterranova spp. larvae was 3 cm at 37 ℃. Larval mobility was not significantly different under the different CO2 or O2 conditions at 6 °C and 12 ℃. It was concluded that temperature significantly facilitated larval movement with the optimum temperature being different for Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp., while CO2 and O2 did not on the short term. This should be further validated in parasite-infected/spiked fish fillets.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature during Drying and Storage of Dried Figs on Growth, Gene Expression and Aflatoxin Production

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Ana Isabel Galván ◽  
Alicia Rodríguez ◽  
Alberto Martín ◽  
Manuel Joaquín Serradilla ◽  
Ana Martínez-Dorado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mycotoxin Production ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Major Producer ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
And Storage

Dried fig is susceptible to infection by Aspergillus flavus, the major producer of the carcinogenic mycotoxins. This fruit may be contaminated by the fungus throughout the entire chain production, especially during natural sun-drying, post-harvest, industrial processing, storage, and fruit retailing. Correct management of such critical stages is necessary to prevent mould growth and mycotoxin accumulation, with temperature being one of the main factors associated with these problems. The effect of different temperatures (5, 16, 25, 30, and 37 °C) related to dried-fig processing on growth, one of the regulatory genes of aflatoxin pathway (aflR) and mycotoxin production by A. flavus, was assessed. Firstly, growth and aflatoxin production of 11 A. flavus strains were checked before selecting two strains (M30 and M144) for in-depth studies. Findings showed that there were enormous differences in aflatoxin amounts and related-gene expression between the two selected strains. Based on the results, mild temperatures, and changes in temperature during drying and storage of dried figs should be avoided. Drying should be conducted at temperatures >30 °C and close to 37 °C, while industry processing, storage, and retailing of dried figs are advisable to perform at refrigeration temperatures (<10 °C) to avoid mycotoxin production.

scholarly journals Low-carbon cast microalloyed steel intercritically heat-treated at different temperatures: microstructure and mechanical properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Torkamani ◽  
Shahram Raygan ◽  
Carlos Garcia Mateo ◽  
Yahya Palizdar ◽  
Jafar Rassizadehghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Total Elongation ◽  
Martensite Phase ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Increase ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn this study, dual-phase (DP, ferrite + martensite) microstructures were obtained by performing intercritical heat treatments (IHT) at 750 and 800 °C followed by quenching. Decreasing the IHT temperature from 800 to 750 °C leads to: (i) a decrease in the volume fraction of austenite (martensite after quenching) from 0.68 to 0.36; (ii) ~ 100 °C decrease in martensite start temperature (Ms), mainly due to the higher carbon content of austenite and its smaller grains at 750 °C; (iii) a reduction in the block size of martensite from 1.9 to 1.2 μm as measured by EBSD. Having a higher carbon content and a finer block size, the localized microhardness of martensite islands increases from 380 HV (800 °C) to 504 HV (750 °C). Moreover, despite the different volume fractions of martensite obtained in DP microstructures, the hardness of the steels remained unchanged by changing the IHT temperature (~ 234 to 238 HV). Applying lower IHT temperature (lower fraction of martensite), the impact energy even decreased from 12 to 9 J due to the brittleness of the martensite phase. The results of the tensile tests indicate that by increasing the IHT temperature, the yield and ultimate tensile strengths of the DP steel increase from 493 to 770 MPa, and from 908 to 1080 MPa, respectively, while the total elongation decreases from 9.8 to 4.5%. In contrast to the normalized sample, formation of martensite in the DP steels could eliminate the yield point phenomenon in the tensile curves, as it generates free dislocations in adjacent ferrite.

scholarly journals Determination of Load-Carrying Capacity of C-Profile Glued Ti-Al Column under Temperature Environment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3013
Author(s):  
Leszek Czechowski
Keyword(s):  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Load Carrying Capacity ◽  
Lagrange Equations ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The paper deals with an examination of the behaviour of glued Ti-Al column under compression at elevated temperature. The tests of compressed columns with initial load were performed at different temperatures to obtain their characteristics and the load-carrying capacity. The deformations of columns during tests were registered by employing non-contact Digital Image Correlation Aramis® System. The numerical computations based on finite element method by using two different discrete models were carried out to validate the empirical results. To solve the problems, true stress-logarithmic strain curves of one-directional tensile tests dependent on temperature both for considered metals and glue were implemented to software. Numerical estimations based on Green–Lagrange equations for large deflections and strains were conducted. The paper reveals the influence of temperature on the behaviour of compressed C-profile Ti-Al columns. It was verified how the load-carrying capacity of glued bi-metal column decreases with an increase in the temperature increment. The achieved maximum loads at temperature 200 °C dropped by 2.5 times related to maximum loads at ambient temperature.

scholarly journals Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis as a Valorization Route of Italian Green Pepper Waste to Delivery Free Sugars

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
M.A. Martín-Lara ◽  
L. Chica-Redecillas ◽  
A. Pérez ◽  
G. Blázquez ◽  
G. Garcia-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Liquid Fraction ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment ◽  
Liquid Hot Water ◽  
Water Pretreatment ◽  
Hot Water Pretreatment

In this work, liquid hot water pretreatment (autohydrolysis) was used to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of a commonly consumed vegetable waste in Spain, Italian green pepper, to finally produce fermentable sugars. Firstly, the effect of temperature and contact time on sugar recovery during pretreatment (in insoluble solid and liquid fraction) was studied in detail. Then, enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial cellulase was performed with the insoluble solid resulting from pretreatment. The objective was to compare results with and without pretreatment. The results showed that the pretreatment step was effective to facilitate the sugars release in enzymatic hydrolysis, increasing the global sugar yield. This was especially notable when pretreatment was carried out at 180 °C for 40 min for glucose yields. In these conditions a global glucose yield of 61.02% was obtained. In addition, very low concentrations of phenolic compounds (ranging from 69.12 to 82.24 mg/L) were found in the liquid fraction from enzymatic hydrolysis, decreasing the possibility of fermentation inhibition produced by these components. Results showed that Italian green pepper is an interesting feedstock to obtain free sugars and prevent the enormous quantity of this food waste discarded annually.

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