scholarly journals Cerebellar giant cell glioblastoma multiforme in an adult

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 295-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhansu Sekhar Mishra ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Behera ◽  
Manmath Kumar Dhir ◽  
Satya Bhusan Senapati
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Cerebellar Glioblastoma ◽  
Cell Variant ◽  
Cerebellar Infarct

ABSTRACTCerebellar glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rare tumor that accounts for only 1% of all cases of GBM and its giant cell variant is even much rarely encountered in adults. A case of cerebellar giant cell GBM managed at our institution reporting its clinical presentation, radiological and histological findings, and treatment instituted is described. In conjunction, a literature review, including particular issues, clinical data, advances in imaging studies, pathological characteristics, treatment options, and the behavior of such malignant tumor is presented. It is very important for the neurosurgeon to make the differential diagnosis between the cerebellar GBM, and other diseases such as metastasis, anaplastic astrocytomas, and cerebellar infarct because their treatment modalities, prognosis, and outcome are different.

scholarly journals Cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme in an adult

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Mattos ◽  
Horacio Armando Marenco ◽  
José Maria Campos ◽  
Andréa Vasconcellos Faria ◽  
Luciano Souza Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Rare Tumor ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Brazilian Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
Cerebellar Glioblastoma ◽  
High Degree

Cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rare tumor. This is the third case published in Brazilian literature and, the last one has been described more than 15 years ago. The aggressive behavior of GBM prompts for fast treatment, which can be hampered by the fact that the diagnosis of GBM requires a high degree of suspicion. We describe a case of GBM in a 46 years old man. In conjunction, we present a literature review including particular issues, clinical data, advances in imaging studies, pathological characteristics, treatment options and the behavior of such malignant tumor.

Current Treatment Recommendations for Leishmaniasis

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1452-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey T. Moss ◽  
James P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Governmental Institutions

OBJECTIVE: To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors for transmission, and pathogenesis of leishmaniasis, as well as current treatment options for this disease. DATA SOURCES/DATA SELECTION: We reviewed unclassified medical-threat briefing material, subject-matter reviews, and case reports from the world's infectious disease literature. We concentrated on literature pertaining to the pathogenesis and management of leishmaniasis indigenous to Southwest Asia. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from subject reviews published in the English language were evaluated. Case reports and clinical trials provided supplemental data on evolving theories and management options. DATA SYNTHESIS: The clinical presentation of leishmaniasis is highly variable. Management relies heavily upon the use of parenteral antimonial drugs. Although these agents are effective in most cases, toxicity and the emergence of resistance limit the usefulness of standard therapies. Alternative treatment modalities include heat, surgical curettage, ketoconazole, metronidazole, pentamidine, rifampin, amphotericin B, aminoglycosides, allopurinol, and immunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Although the number of reported cases of leishmaniasis in the US has generally been low, there is a possibility that more cases may be reported in the future because of the large number of military personnel returning to this country from endemic areas. Medical personnel, particularly those working in governmental institutions, should be familiar with the pathogenesis of this unusual infection as well as potential treatment options.

Fracture of the Second Metatarsal Base

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Morris ◽  
Kelly Nix ◽  
Flair D. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Transverse Fracture ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Improve Treatment ◽  
Second Metatarsal ◽  
The Mean

Fracture of the second metatarsal is a cause of chronic midfoot pain that has not been thoroughly examined in the literature. A retrospective review of medical charts and imaging studies was undertaken to investigate this phenomenon. The clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, results of imaging studies, and treatment modalities are described for eight patients with midfoot pain who were treated for a mean of 3.7 months (range, 0 to 12 months) before imaging studies showed a nondisplaced transverse fracture of the second metatarsal base. Initial radiographs indicated fracture in only one patient. Two patients later had surgical bone grafting, two patients had asymptomatic nonunion, and three patients eventually healed. At the last follow-up examination, one patient was continuing treatment with immobilization and electrical bone stimulation. For the seven patients in whom symptoms resolved, the mean recovery period was 14 months (range, 5 to 23 months). Further research is needed to improve treatment and outcomes for this condition. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 93(1): 6-10, 2003)

scholarly journals Giant Cell Variant of Glioblastoma Multiforme: Report of a Rare Variant in a Child

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Aminparast ◽  
Mazaher Ramezani
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Female Child ◽  
Cell Variant ◽  
The Right ◽  
Persistent Headache ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Giant Cell Glioblastoma

Malignant glial tumors are rare in children. Giant cell variant is a rare subtype of glioblastoma, accounting for about 0.8% of brain tumors and 5% of glioblastoma tumors. Giant cell glioblastoma is a male predominant tumor in children and adults. Due to the low prevalence of this variant, available information is limited. An 11-year-old female child was referred with a chief complaint of a progressive persistent headache. MRI showed a well-defined cystic lesion with a solid mural component in the right parietal lobe with a compression effect on the ipsilateral ventricular system. Surgery was done. After the pathologist reported glioblastoma multiforme, a giant cell variant, the patient received 30 sessions of radiation therapy. The patient was readmitted 18 months later with a headache, and the pathologist confirmed the recurrence of the tumor. Based on radiology, the giant cell glioblastoma cannot be distinguished from the common subtype glioblastoma. The pathologists must be aware of this entity, and histologic differential diagnoses are warranted for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Does Giant Cell Glioblastoma Have a Better Prognosis in Comparison to Glioblastoma Multiform? A Secondary Analysis of the SEER Database from 1985–2014

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amro K. Bin Abdulrahman ◽  
Yousef R. Bukhari ◽  
Abdulaziz M. Faqihi ◽  
Khalid A. Bin Abdulrahman ◽  
Juan Gabriel Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
Seer Database ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Hispanic Ethnicity ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Giant Cell Glioblastoma

Brain cancer is the tenth leading cause of death in the U.S. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary malignant central nervous system tumor in adults. The present study employed samples from 1985-2014 to discover the difference in prognosis among glioblastoma subtypes after the evolution of treatment modalities over the past few years. The current study aims to find the differences between Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and giant cell glioblastoma (GCG) in terms of prognosis among adults and elderly patients in the U.S. This study is a historical cohort type of study and is conducted on adults and elderly individuals with GBM or GCG from the years 1985-2014 in the U.S. Data were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. The study exposure was GBM or GCG and the outcome was mortality. The potential confounders were age, sex, race, ethnicity, year of diagnosis, primary site, and surgery. A chi-square test was used for categorical data. A univariate analysis was used for variables having a p-value < 0.05. Potential confounders were selected and evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratio with stepwise selection. The study sample was 25,117. The incidences of GBM and GCG were not similar in relation to age group. Also, Spanish-Hispanic ethnicity was independently protective of GBM and GCG as compared to Non-Spanish-Hispanic ethnicity patients with GBM have a higher mortality rate than do GCG patients. The mortality rate was higher among patients diagnosed before 2010. In conclusion, GCG was not statistically significant in association to reduced mortality. Non-Spanish-Hispanics with GBM or GCG had a higher mortality rate than did Spanish-Hispanics. Factors such as being female, being age >59, and having a year of diagnosis before 2010 were independently associated with increased mortality.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin S. Michael ◽  
Bong-Seop Lee ◽  
Miqin Zhang ◽  
John S. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
World Health ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumor ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
System Tumor ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a grade IV astrocytoma as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, is the most common primary central nervous system tumor in adults. After treatment with the current standard of care consisting of surgical resection, concurrent temozolomide (TMZ), and radiation, the median survival is only 15 months. The limited and less-effective treatment options for these highly aggressive GBMs call for the development of new techniques and the improvement of existing technologies. Nanotechnology has shown promise in treating this disease, and some nanomaterials have demonstrated the ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and remain in GBM tissues. Although the retention of nanoparticles (NPs) in GBM tissue is necessary to elicit an antitumor response, the delivery of the NP needs to be enhanced. Current research in nanotechnology is directed at increasing the active targeting of GBM tissue not only for the aid of chemotherapeutic drug delivery but also for imaging studies. This review is aimed at describing advancements in increasing nanotechnology specificity to GBM tissue.

Xanthogranuloma of the Sciatic Nerve: Case Report

Neurosurgery ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. E1453-E1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag G. Patil ◽  
Thomas J. Cummings ◽  
James A. Nunley ◽  
Allan H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Groin Pain ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Pathological Characteristics ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Right

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Xanthogranulomas involving the central or peripheral nervous system are extraordinarily rare. None have been reported in the lower extremity. Here, we report and characterize the first case of xanthogranuloma of the sciatic nerve. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old woman presented with poorly localized right back and groin pain. Magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed an enhancing lesion of the sciatic nerve in the right gluteal region. INTERVENTION: The sciatic nerve xanthogranuloma was resected without complication. CONCLUSION: Our report indicates that xanthogranuloma, although extremely rare, may occur throughout the nervous system. Our evaluation demonstrates that such lesions involving the peripheral nervous system have similar pathological characteristics to xanthogranulomas that more commonly occur in the skin.

scholarly journals PERIPHERAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS AND THEIR RESPONSE TO TREATMENT MODALITIES: A SINGLE SURGEON'S EXPERIENCE AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Usman ◽  
Duaa Ajaz Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Jamil Malik ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Anwar ◽  
Kishwar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Female Ratio

Abstract Background Peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital defects resulting in abnormal connections between veins and arteries. We investigated a group of patients with peripheral AVMs to determine whether there were any gender differences in disease presentation and the response of AVMs to various modalities of treatment. Methodology The patients in this cross-sectional study were divided into two groups based on gender and their demographic data, clinical presentation at the time of diagnosis and response to treatment was assessed. Both surgical and nonsurgical treatment options were used. Nonsurgical options employed in the study included immunotherapy, embolotherapy and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) Results Out of 43 patients, 74.4% were females with a male to female ratio of 1:3. The mean age at presentation in males was 27 years and 17 years in females. 60% of the male patients presented with high-flow AVMs while 81% of the female patients presented with low-flow lesions instead. Half of the AVMs in males were on the trunk whereas, in females, 93.9% were on the extremities. UGFS alone was used in 95.3% of patients while 32.5% of patients underwent UGFS followed by surgical excision. One patient was treated with sirolimus. In 4.6% of cases, embolization followed by surgical excision was performed. Recurrence was recorded in 20.9% of cases. Conclusions The clinical presentation of AVMs is notably different among the two genders. Sclerotherapy and embolotherapy proved to be effective treatment options. Larger studies, however, are needed to substantiate these claims. Keywords arteriovenous malformations, vascular malformations, sclerotherapy, embolotherapy, sirolimus

scholarly journals An Unusual Presentation of Spinal Giant Cell Glioblastoma in a 21-Year-Old Female

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 232470961986825
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Delgado ◽  
Leila Moosavi ◽  
Ericka Rangel ◽  
William Stull ◽  
Rahul Dev Polineni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Spinal Cord Tumor ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Giant Cell Glioblastoma

Primary spinal cord giant cell glioblastoma multiforme of the thoracic spinal cord is a rarely-diagnosed primary spinal cord tumor in comparison to neoplasms in intracranial locations. In this article, we highlight a young adult who was diagnosed with intramedullary giant cell glioblastoma, IDH wild-type, World Health Organization grade IV/IV of the thoracic spinal cord. This case report describes the treatment approach with a postsurgical combination of radiation therapy and temozolomide, which resulted in the patient to return to her baseline of health only to later develop neurological symptoms significant for a recurrence of malignancy. In a review of the literature of described cases of primary spinal cord glioblastoma multiforme, prognosis continues to be unfavorable as current treatment options of the aggressive malignancy remain absent of a cure.

An Overview of Dementias

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Venkata Vijaya K. Dalai ◽  
Jason E. Childress ◽  
Paul E Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Common ◽  
Neurodegenerative Dementias ◽  
Made In

Dementia is a major public health concern that afflicts an estimated 24.3 million people worldwide. Great strides are being made in order to better diagnose, prevent, and treat these disorders. Dementia is associated with multiple complications, some of which can be life-threatening, such as dysphagia. There is great variability between dementias in terms of when dysphagia and other swallowing disorders occur. In order to prepare the reader for the other articles in this publication discussing swallowing issues in depth, the authors of this article will provide a brief overview of the prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, current treatment options, and implications for eating for the common forms of neurodegenerative dementias.

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