scholarly journals 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection: Gastrointestinal Manifestations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Samanta ◽  
Jahnvi Dhar ◽  
Abdul Khaliq ◽  
Rakesh Kochhar
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Poor Patient ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractThe world is witnessing a major public health crisis in the wake of the third coronavirus strain pandemic, a novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Although initially thought to be a pure respiratory pathogen, recent reports have highlighted not only the extrapulmonary effects of the virus but also, importantly, the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) effects. Various studies have looked into the effects of this novel coronavirus infection (coronavirus-19 disease [COVID-19]) on GIT involvement with reports of more frequent involvement than previously expected. With feco-oral transmission, debate being conclusively proven with fecal samples testing positive for COVID-19 and longer shedding time, it only underlines the importance of GIT involvement. Moreover, the presence of other GI diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, with COVID-19 infection might wreak havoc leading to poor patient outcomes.

scholarly journals Persistent SARS-CoV-2-positive over 4 months in a COVID-19 patient with CHB

Open Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 749-753
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Li ◽  
Beibei Huang ◽  
Qiang Shen ◽  
Shouwei Jiang ◽  
Kun Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Oxygen Inhalation ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Abstract In recent months, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major public health crisis with takeover more than 1 million lives worldwide. The long-lasting existence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not yet been reported. Herein, we report a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection with intermittent viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for >4 months after clinical rehabilitation. A 35-year-old male was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia with fever but without other specific symptoms. The treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir, oxygen inhalation, and other symptomatic supportive treatment facilitated recovery, and the patient was discharged. However, his viral PCR test was continually positive in oropharyngeal swabs for >4 months after that. At the end of June 2020, he was still under quarantine and observation. The contribution of current antivirus therapy might be limited. The prognosis of COVID-19 patients might be irrelevant to the virus status. Thus, further investigation to evaluate the contagiousness of convalescent patients and the mechanism underlying the persistent existence of SARS-CoV-2 after recovery is essential. A new strategy of disease control, especially extending the follow-up period for recovered COVID-19 patients, is necessary to adapt to the current situation of pandemic.

scholarly journals Lessons earned and lessons learned: What should be done next to counter the COVID-19 infodemic?

European View ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Nad’a Kovalčíková ◽  
Ariane Tabatabai
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
Information Manipulation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

As governments and citizens around the world have struggled with the novel coronavirus, the information space has turned into a battleground. Authoritarian countries, including Russia, China and Iran, have spread disinformation on the causes of and responses to the pandemic. The over-abundance of information, also referred to as an ‘infodemic’, including manipulated information, has been both a cause and a result of the exacerbation of the public health crisis. It is further undermining trust in democratic institutions, the independent press, and facts and data, and exacerbating the rising tensions driven by economic, political and societal challenges. This article discusses the challenges democracies have faced and the measures they have adopted to counter information manipulation that impedes public health efforts. It draws seven lessons learned from the information war and offers a set of recommendations on tackling future infodemics related to public health.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: a major public health crisis for the developed and developing world

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Rooh Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Suleman Rana ◽  
Mehmood Qadir ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Niaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Day By Day

Pandemic of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in China is now become global public health crisis. At present 87.64% of the world is infected by this deadly illness. The risk from this epidemic depends on the nature of the virus, including how well it transmits from person to person, and the complications resulting from this current illness. The novel coronavirus has killed thousands of people in China and other countries as well; its rate of mortality is increasing day by day. There is an urgent need to control the virus by developing vaccine or any other antiviral drugs to save the world from this deadly viral infection.

scholarly journals Emerging Human Coronaviruses: Molecular Biology and Vaccine Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawhar Gharbi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Emerging Pathogens ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
New Public Health ◽  
New Public ◽  
Potential Vaccine ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Tract Infections

COVID-19 is a new public health crisis caused by the novel respiratory pathogen SARS-CoV-2. It is one of the most significant pandemic events in recent history. The SARS-CoV-2 Beta corona virus was transmitted to humans in the end of 2019 by unknown intermediary host from bats in Wuhan, Hubei province (China). It marked the third major coronavirus source of disaster in the 21stcentury.The three last severe respiratory tract infections caused by the SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 caused high human mortality. Viral genomic sequencing and investigations and the development of advanced vaccine strategies are expected to give us more information on these emerging pathogens and controlling them in the future. The aim of this review is to summarize updated information regarding these emerging human coronaviruses to understand their molecular and structural biology, transmissions and potential vaccine approaches actually developed against the SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Profile of COVID-19 Patients at Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward, Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110350
Author(s):  
Theranirajan Etherajan ◽  
S. Zahir Hussain ◽  
Karthick Rajendran ◽  
Arunkumar Ramachandran ◽  
Murugan Natrajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Poor Patient ◽  
High Risk Factor ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Time Of Admission

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health crisis. During huge surge in COVID-19 cases, most of the patient arrived at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai were severe due to late presentation and also available evidence demonstrating that the delay in treatment is directly associated with increased mortality or poor patient outcome. As an innovative concept of Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward were set up to provide the required critical care for all severe COVID-19 cases. The experience of setting up of such Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward and profile of admitted COVID-19 patients were described in this paper. Methods: A total of 4515 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted at Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward was analyzed retrospectively from 7th July to 31st December 2020. Results: At the time of admission the frequency of dyspnea were 85.6% among them 99.1% recovered from dyspnea after the oxygen therapy and other management at Zero Delay COVID-19 Ward. Of the 4515 COVID-19 individuals, about 1829 (40.5%) had comorbidity, 227 (5%) had died. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, COVID-19 death was more likely to be associated with comorbidity (OR: 18.687; 95% CI: 11.229-31.1) than other variables. Conclusions: Comorbidity is an independent high risk factor for mortality of COVID-19 patients. From our observation, it is strongly recommended that effective zero delay covid-19 ward model will help for the prevention of mortality in current/expected waves of COVID-19.

scholarly journals A Pandemic of Misbelief: How Beliefs Promote or Undermine COVID-19 Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Vitriol ◽  
Jessecae K. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Complex Phenomena ◽  
Consensus Information

Sustained and coordinated social action is needed to combat the spread of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Health practitioners and governments around the world have issued recommendations and mandates designed to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 by influencing the social behaviors of the general public. Why and when are some people unwilling to take action to protect themselves and others from the effects of this public health crisis? We find that belief in COVID-19 consensus information (by the self or perceptions of scientists’ beliefs), are consequential predictors of COVID-19 mitigation behaviors. Importantly, support for COVID-19 conspiracy theories predicted decreased, whereas perceived understanding of COVID-19 predicted increased, belief in COVID-19 consensus information. We also implemented an Illusion of Explanatory depth paradigm, an approach to examining knowledge overestimation shown to reduce confidence in one’s understanding of complex phenomena. By requiring participants to elaborate upon COVID-19 conspiracies, we experimentally increased understanding of these theories, which led, in turn, to ironic increases in support for the conspiracy theories and undermined perceived understanding of COVID-19 information for a notable portion of our participants. Together, our results suggest that attention given to COVID-19 conspiracies may be misguided; describing or explaining the existence of COVID-19 conspiracies may ironically increase support for these accounts and undermine knowledge about and willingness to engage in COVID-19 mitigation.

scholarly journals Successful Outcomes of Severe COVID-19 in Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Diagnostic Challenges in Immunocompromised Hosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e2020044
Author(s):  
Alexandre Malek
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts

The emergence and spread of 2019 novel coronavirus has led to an unprecedented public health crisis around the globe and has threatened the life of millions of people. We report a severe case of COVID-19 in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and describe primarily the clinical presentation and the challenges encountered in the COVID-19 diagnosis, treatment and specimens sampling pitfalls. This case highlights the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach of pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts, including timely and safe bronchoscopy, because the broad differential diagnosis, more challenging with the current outbreak of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Detection Using Electrochemical Immunosensor

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Biljana Mojsoska ◽  
Sylvester Larsen ◽  
Dorte Aalund Olsen ◽  
Jonna Skov Madsen ◽  
Ivan Brandslund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensor ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been declared an international public health crisis. It is essential to develop diagnostic tests that can quickly identify infected individuals to limit the spread of the virus and assign treatment options. Herein, we report a proof-of-concept label-free electrochemical immunoassay for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus via the spike surface protein. The assay consists of a graphene working electrode functionalized with anti-spike antibodies. The concept of the immunosensor is to detect the signal perturbation obtained from ferri/ferrocyanide measurements after binding of the antigen during 45 min of incubation with a sample. The absolute change in the [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− current upon increasing antigen concentrations on the immunosensor surface was used to determine the detection range of the spike protein. The sensor was able to detect a specific signal above 260 nM (20 µg/mL) of subunit 1 of recombinant spike protein. Additionally, it was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 at a concentration of 5.5 × 105 PFU/mL, which is within the physiologically relevant concentration range. The novel immunosensor has a significantly faster analysis time than the standard qPCR and is operated by a portable device which can enable on-site diagnosis of infection.

scholarly journals COVID-19 related rhabdomyolysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 065-069
Author(s):  
Munoz-Martinez Alejandro ◽  
Akbar Waheed Maham ◽  
D Jhaveri Kenar ◽  
Rojas-Marte Geurys
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A novel coronavirus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with a high rate of human-to-human transmission has emerged, resulting in a worldwide public health crisis of catastrophic proportions. Common initial symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) include fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, and shortness of breath. Complications include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, and secondary infections [1,2]. There have been reports of patients infected with COVID-19 who either presented with muscle pain and rhabdomyolysis or developed muscle damage as a late complication during hospitalization [3-8].

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