Serum Bone Gla Protein (BGP) in Primary Hypothyroidism Before and During Treatment with Thyroid Hormones

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bergmann ◽  
A. Dediste ◽  
N. Demeester-Mirkine ◽  
I. Deconinck ◽  
J. Corvilain
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Bone Gla Protein

Lack of effects of circulating thyroid hormone levels on serum leptin concentrations

1997 ◽  
pp. 659-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Corbetta ◽  
P Englaro ◽  
S Giambona ◽  
L Persani ◽  
WF Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Thyroxine Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thyroxine Replacement Therapy

Leptin is the protein product of the ob gene, secreted by adipocytes. It has been suggested that it may play an important role in regulating appetite and energy expenditure. The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible interaction of thyroid hormones with the leptin system. We studied 114 adult patients (65 females and 49 males): 36 were affected with primary hypothyroidism (PH), 38 with central hypothyroidism (CH) and 40 with thyrotoxicosis (TT). Patients with CH were studied both before and after 6 months of L-thyroxine replacement therapy. Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), thyroid function and fasting serum leptin were assessed in all patients. Since BMI has been proved to be the major influencing variable of circulating leptin levels, data were expressed as standard deviation score (SDS) calculated from 393 male and 561 female controls matched for age and BMI. No difference in SDS was recorded between males and females whatever the levels of circulating thyroid hormones. In males, no significant difference was recorded among the SDSs of PH (-0.36 +/- 1.2), TT (-0.35 +/- 1.2) and CH (0.01 +/- 1.4) patients. Females with PH had an SDSs significantly lower than TT females (-0.77 +/- 1.0 vs -0.06 +/- 1.2; P < 0.02), while no significant differences between CH (-0.34 +/- 0.7) and TT females or between CH and PH females were observed. SDS in CH patients after 6 months of L-thyroxine therapy significantly varied only in females (0.25 +/- 1.4). In conclusion, circulating thyroid hormones do not appear to play any relevant role in leptin synthesis and secretion. However, as females with either overt hypo- or hyper-thyroidism or central hypothyroidism after L-thyroxine therapy show differences in their SDSs, a subtle interaction between sex steroids and thyroid status in modulating leptin secretion, at least in women, may occur.

scholarly journals Low Growth Hormone Levels in Short-Stature Children with Pituitary Hyperplasia Secondary to Primary Hypothyroidism

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghua Liu ◽  
Yanyan Hu ◽  
Guimei Li ◽  
Wenwen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Pituitary Hyperplasia ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tsh Levels

Objective. The follow-up of GH levels in short-stature children with pituitary hyperplasia secondary to primary hypothyroidism (PPH) is reported in a few cases. We aimed to observe changes in GH secretion in short-stature children with PPH. Methods. A total of 11 short-stature children with PPH accompanied by low GH levels were included. They received levothyroxine therapy after diagnosis. Their thyroid hormones, IGF-1, PRL, and pituitary height were measured at baseline and 3 months after therapy. GH stimulation tests were performed at baseline and after regression of thyroid hormones and pituitary. Results. At baseline, they had decreased GH peak and FT3 and FT4 levels and elevated TSH levels. Decreased IGF-1 levels were found in seven children. Elevated PRL levels and positive thyroid antibodies were found in 10 children. The mean pituitary height was 14.3±3.8 mm. After 3 months, FT3, FT4, and IGF-1 levels were significantly increased (all p<0.01), and values of TSH, PRL, and pituitary height were significantly decreased (all p<0.001). After 6 months, pituitary hyperplasia completely regressed. GH levels returned to normal in nine children and were still low in two children. Conclusion. GH secretion can be resolved in most short-stature children with PPH.

scholarly journals Primary hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis alter the transcriptional activity of genes regulating neurogenesis in the blood of patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Iryna I. Bilous ◽  
Larysa L. Pavlovych ◽  
Aleksandr M. Kamyshnyi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Pcr Array ◽  
Nervous Symptom ◽  
Thyroid Pathology

Abstract Objective. Thyroid hormones play an important role in the development and maturation of the central nervous symptom and their failure in the prenatal period leading to an irreversible brain damage. Their effect on the brain of adult, however, has not been fully studied. With the discovery of neurogenesis in the adult brain, many recent studies have been focused on the understanding the basic mechanisms controlling this process. Many neurogenesis regulatory genes are not only transcribed but also translated into the blood cells. The goal of our study was to analyze the transcriptional activity of neurogenesis regulatory genes in peripheral blood cells in patients with thyroid pathology. Methods. The pathway-specific PCR array (Neurotrophins and Receptors RT2 Profiler PCR Array, QIAGEN, Germany) was used to identify and validate the neurogenesis regulatory genes expression in patients with thyroid pathology and control group. Results. The results showed that GFRA3, NGFR, NRG1, NTF3, NTRK1, and NTRK2 significantly decreased their expression in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis with rising serum of autoantibodies. The patients with primary hypothyroidism, as a result of autoimmune thyroiditis and postoperative hypothyroidism, had significantly lower expression of FGF2, NGFR, NRG1, and NTF3. The mRNA level of CNTFR was markedly decreased in the group of patients with postoperative hypothyroidism. No change in the ARTN, PSPN, TFG, MT3, and NELL1 expression was observed in any group of patients. Conclusion. The finding indicates that a decrease in thyroid hormones and a high level of autoantibodies, such as anti-thyroglobulin antibody and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody, affect the expression of mRNA neurogenesis-regulated genes in patients with thyroid pathology.

Hypothyroidism in the elderly: features of diagnosis and prevention

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Aleksey Petrukhin
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Symptomatic Form

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome that is based on a deficiency of thyroid hormones. Primary hypothyroidism is a rather common pathology, incidence of the symptomatic form of which is approximately 1–2 %, and subclinical form about 7–10 % among women and 2–3 % among men. Prevalence of hypothyroidism can exceed 14 % in the group of women older than 50 years — notably, mainly women are affected by this problem. Features of the course of hypothyroidism in agerelated patients are presented in this article, main causes of its development are considered, main aspects of diagnosis and treatment in elderly patients are provided.

Causes and laboratory investigation of hypothyroidism

2011 ◽  
pp. 530-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferruccio Santini ◽  
Aldo Pinchera
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism ◽  
Resistance To Thyroid Hormones

Hypothyroidism is the clinical state that develops as a result of the lack of action of thyroid hormones on target tissues (1). Hypothyroidism is usually due to impaired hormone secretion by the thyroid, resulting in reduced concentrations of serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The term primary hypothyroidism is applied to define the thyroid failure deriving from inherited or acquired causes that act directly on the thyroid gland by reducing the amount of functioning thyroid tissue or by inhibiting thyroid hormone production. The term central hypothyroidism is used when pituitary or hypothalamic abnormalities result in an insufficient stimulation of an otherwise normal thyroid gland. Both primary and central hypothyroidism may be transient, depending on the nature and the extent of the causal agent. Hypothyroidism following a minor loss of thyroid tissue can be recovered by compensatory hyperplasia of the residual gland. Similarly, hypothyroidism subsides when an exogenous inhibitor of thyroid function is removed. Peripheral hypothyroidism may also arise as a consequence of tissue resistance to thyroid hormones due to a mutation in the thyroid hormone receptor. Resistance to thyroid hormones is a heterogeneous clinical entity with most patients appearing to be clinically euthyroid while some of them have symptoms of thyrotoxicosis and others display selected signs of hypothyroidism. The common feature is represented by pituitary resistance to thyroid hormones, leading to increased secretion of thyrotropin that in turn stimulates thyroid growth and function. The variability in clinical manifestations depends on the severity of the hormonal resistance, the relative degree of tissue hyposensitivity, and the coexistence of associated genetic defects (see Chapter 3.4.8).

scholarly journals Effects of thyroid hormones on thermogenesis and energy partitioning

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. R157-R170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Alexander Iwen ◽  
Rebecca Oelkrug ◽  
Georg Brabant
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Peripheral Cells

Thyroid hormones (TH) are of central importance for thermogenesis, energy homeostasis and metabolism. Here, we will discuss these aspects by focussing on the physiological aspects of TH-dependent regulation in response to cold exposure and fasting, which will be compared to alterations in primary hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. In particular, we will summarise current knowledge on regional thyroid hormone status in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral cells. In contrast to hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, where parallel changes are observed, local alterations in the CNS differ to peripheral compartments when induced by cold exposure or fasting. Cold exposure is associated with low hypothalamic TH concentrations but increased TH levels in the periphery. Fasting results in a reversed TH pattern. Primary hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism disrupt these fine-tuned adaptive mechanisms and both, the hypothalamus and the periphery, will have the same TH status. These important mechanisms need to be considered when discussing thyroid hormone replacement and other therapeutical interventions to modulate TH status.

scholarly journals Minimum Dose of Levothyroxine Restored the Autonomic Balance on a Dalmatian Female Dog with Primary Hypothyroidism

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Priscila Correia Costa ◽  
Stefanie Bressan Waller ◽  
Michaela Marques Rocha ◽  
Danilo Galvão Rocha ◽  
Caroline Castagnara Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Holter Monitoring ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Minimum Dose ◽  
Parasympathetic Tone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease that leads to a reduction in the hormones thyroxine (T3) and triiodothyronine (T4), which therapy with levothyroxine restores the clinical signs related to the metabolic rate. Due to the influence of thyroid hormones on the heart, which is under the constant influence of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), dogs with hypothyroidism can develop bradycardia, arrhythmia, and dysautonomia.  Heart rate variability (HRV) assesses autonomic modulation by the Holter method, which is scarce in dogs. We aimed to report the cardiac and autonomic effects of the primary hypothyroidism untreated and treated with levothyroxine in a canine case by Holter monitoring.Case: A 7-year-old female Dalmatian, weighing 36 kg, was referred for clinical evaluation due to apathy, weight gain, low hair quality, and lethargy. On physical examination, alopecic lesions on the hind limbs and tail, as well as bradycardia with a heart rate (HR) of 40-50 beats per minute (bpm) were observed, in addition to a 3/6 mitral murmur and 2/6 tricuspid murmur. Given the suspicion of thyroid gland disorder, the blood hormonal measurement revealed an increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH; 0.65 ng/mL) and a decrease in free T4 (0.11 ng/mL) and total T4 (0.44 ng/mL), confirming primary hypothyroidism. Therapy was started with a minimum dose of levothyroxine (0.913 mg, every 12 h), which clinical signs were restored in five months of treatment, with weight loss, hair growth, and active behavior. To assess the impact of untreated and treated hypothyroidism on the patient’s ANS, a Holter monitoring exam was performed for 24 h before and after therapy. Before treatment, the average HR was 75 bpm, and the HR<50 bpm occurred during 05 h 20 min 36 s. Still, 320 pause events (>2.0s), 1st-degree atrioventricular blocks (AVB), six ventricular ectopias events, and 2nd-degree sinoatrial block (SAB) were also observed. The ANS parasympathetic tone was significantly stimulated, highlighting bradycardia, arrhythmia, and dysautonomia. After five months of treatment with levothyroxine, the average HR was 89 bpm, and the HR<50 bpm occurred during 02 h 06 min 13 s. No ventricular pauses, blocks, or ectopias were observed, showing the stimulation of sympathetic tonus, which restored HR and ANS balance. Still, it was observed that the minimum levothyroxine dose corrected cardiac changes by increasing the low frequency (LF), decreasing the high frequency (HF), and, consequently, increasing the LF/HF ratio, normalizing the frequency conditions in HRV.Discussion: In the frequency index, HF indicates the vagal activity, whereas LF indicates both systems with parasympathetic predominance. Before treatment, the dog had a low LF/HF ratio (0.46), indicating dysautonomia with parasympathetic stimulation. After therapy, the conditions of bradycardia and functional cardiac capacity were corrected, restoring ANS, due to the serum recovery of thyroid hormones. This study reported the cardiac and autonomic effects of primary hypothyroidism untreated and treated with levothyroxine on a dog, that had intense bradycardia and abnormal stimulation of the parasympathetic tone, associated with episodes of 1st-degree AVB, ventricular ectopias, and 2nd-degree SAB. After therapy with a minimum dose of levothyroxine, there was a decrease in parasympathetic activity and an increase in sympathetic stimulus, correcting cardiac changes, and restoring the balance of ANS. As it is a simple, non-invasive, and safe tool that helps the clinician to understand cardiac autonomic modulation, it is recommended to adopt the Holter monitoring exam in cases of hypothyroidism cases to assess sympathetic-vagal balance and check potential cardiac risks.

scholarly journals Prevalencia de hipotiroidismo primario en mujeres de 40–60 años hospitalizadas en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Katherine Gabriela Garcés Chiriboga ◽  
Melissa Thalía Ortiz Álvarez ◽  
José Mauricio Baculima Tenesaca
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Universe

BACKGROUND: Thyroid disorders are a cause of morbidity and disability worldwide, among these, hypothyroidism is one of the most frequent. 95% of the cases of cases of hypothyroidism are primary, characterized by decreased levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and elevated TSH. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary hypothyroidism in female patients aged 40-60 years hospitalized at Hospital Jose Carrasco Arteaga during 2018. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The universe were women between 40 and 60 years old who were hospitalized in the different services at Hospital Jose Carrasco Arteaga during 2018; patients who had a thyroid panel made during hospitalization were included. Women with incomplete medical history were excluded. We didn’t do sampling; all patients who met the inclusion criteria (n=278) were studied. RESULTS: The prevalence of primary hypothyroidism in the studied population was 16.2%; hypothyroidism was slightly more frequent in the age group of 40-44 years with 18.03%. It was more frequent in women residing in the rural area (18.18), than in the urban area. 53.34% of the women identified with hypothyroidism were overweight and 22.22% were obese. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hypothyroidism found in women aged 40 to 60 years old was 16.2%. The prevalence was slightly higher in the 40 to 44 age group. Most of the patients with hypothyroidism were overweight or obese.

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