Opening the Floodgates: The Implications of Increasing Platform Openness in Crowdfunding

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 344-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wessel ◽  
Ferdinand Thies ◽  
Alexander Benlian
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Ripple Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Platform Ecosystems ◽  
And Control

Managing platform ecosystems requires providers to govern the permeability of platform boundaries in order to strike a balance between openness and control. But is it worthwhile for platform providers to conduct screening processes for third-party offerings, or should they rather apply a laissez-faire approach and let the market determine winners and losers? In this study, we compare the market conditions on Kickstarter, one of the world's largest crowdfunding platforms, before and after a policy change that relaxed the previously stringent screening process for new campaigns. By analyzing over 230,000 crowdfunding campaigns with a combined funding of over $1.9 billion that cover a 4-year period around the policy change, we find that increasing platform openness was a double-edged sword for the platform's ecosystem. While Kickstarter's revenue from commissions surged after the policy change due to an increase in the number of campaigns available on the platform, funding conditions for project creators and backers deteriorated. Project creators have to cope with lower success rates and an intensified competition due to a growing disproportion of backers to campaigns, while backers face higher uncertainties as project creators invest less in reducing information asymmetries. Our evidence from this natural experiment therefore suggests that increasing platform openness for third-party offerings can destabilize a platform's ecosystem. We thus extend the literature on platform openness and on the implications of policy changes on platform ecosystems. Our findings also provide practical insights for different platform stakeholders into possible “ripple effects” that are triggered when policy changes alter platform openness.

Reducing costs while maintaining quality in endovascular neurosurgical procedures

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1071-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama N. Kashlan ◽  
Thomas J. Wilson ◽  
Neeraj Chaudhary ◽  
Joseph J. Gemmete ◽  
William R. Stetler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Feedback System ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Neurointerventional Procedures

Object As medical costs continue to rise during a time of increasing medical resource utilization, both hospitals and physicians must attempt to limit superfluous health care expenses. Neurointerventional treatment has been shown to be costly, but it is often the best treatment available for certain neuropathologies. The authors studied the effects of 3 policy changes designed to limit the costs of performing neurointerventional procedures at the University of Michigan. Methods The authors retrospectively analyzed the costs of performing neurointerventional procedures during the 6-month periods before and after the implementation of 3 cost-saving policies: 1) the use of an alternative, more economical contrast agent, 2) standardization of coil prices through negotiation with industry representatives to receive economies of scale, and 3) institution of a feedback method to show practitioners the costs of unused products per patient procedure. The costs during the 6-month time intervals before and after implementation were also compared with costs during the most recent 6-month time period. Results The policy requiring use of a more economical contrast agent led to a decrease in the cost of contrast usage of $42.79 per procedure for the first 6 months after implementation, and $137.09 per procedure for the most current 6-month period, resulting in an estimated total savings of $62,924.31 for the most recent 6-month period. The standardized coil pricing system led to savings of $159.21 per coil after the policy change, and $188.07 per coil in the most recent 6-month period. This yielded total estimated savings of $76,732.56 during the most recent 6-month period. The feedback system for unused items decreased the cost of wasted products by approximately $44.36 per procedure in the 6 months directly after the policy change and by $48.20 per procedure in the most recent 6-month period, leading to total estimated savings of $22,123.80 during the most recent 6-month period. According to extrapolation over a 1-year period, the 3 policy changes decreased costs by an estimated $323,561.34. Conclusions Simple cost-saving policies can lead to substantial reductions in costs of neurointerventional procedures while maintaining high levels of quality and growth of services.

scholarly journals IMPLIKASI PERUBAHAN KEBIJAKAN POLA PELUNASAN PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH PADA PT. BANK ACEH SYARIAH CAPEM SIGLI

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Administrative Cost ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Before And After

Bank Aceh Syariah has altered its policy on the installment pattern of murabahah financing as of December 2010. This changing was triggered by the decrease of margin in Bank Aceh Syariah. Therefore, this study aims at studying the mechanism of installment of murabahah financing before and after the policy changes. This article also intends to identify the risks that appears due to the decrease of margin in Bank Aceh Syariah and also analyze the view of Islamic economis towards the changes. Data for this study was gathered through intreview, observation and documentation study. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The findings show that there are two mechanisms of installment for murabaha financing at the bank. In first mechanism, bank only required its customers to pay the remaining installment plus the administrative cost, whereas in second mechanism after the policy change, bank provide discount to the customer. The risk encounter is the decrease of income for the bank itself. In Islamic economics perspective, the policy changes on murabahah financing is allowed with the condition no party is harmed and the agreed price on is the final price. =========================================== Bank Aceh Syariah telah melakukan perubahan kebijakan pola pelunasan pembiayaan murabahah periode maju pada awal Desember 2010. Perubahan ini disebabkan karena adanya penurunan margin pada Bank Aceh Syariah. Oleh karena itu, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme pelunasan pembiayaan murabahah periode maju sebelum dan sesudah adanya perubahan kebijakan. Tulisan ini juga akan mengidentifikasi resiko yang timbul akibat adanya penurunan margin pada Bank Aceh Syariah atas pembiayaan nasabah dan menganalisis pandangan ekonomi Islam terhadap perubahan tersebut. Data untuk penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan observasi serta studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan mekanisme pelunasan pembiayaan murabahah periode maju sebelum dan sesudah adanya perubahan kebijakan. Pada mekanisme pertama, bank hanya mewajibkan nasabah untuk membayar sisa angsuran pokok ditambah dengan biaya administrasi, sedangkan mekanisme kedua setelah adanya perubahan kebijakan pola pelunasan periode maju, bank memberikan diskon atau potongan kepada nasabah. Resiko yang ditimbulkan akibat penurunan margin adalah berkurangnya pendapatan bagi pihak bank sendiri. Adapun pandangan hukum Islam terhadap perubahan kebijakan yang dilakukan pihak bank ini dapat bolehkan, karena tidak ada pihak yang akan dirugikan dan harga yang disepakati pada pembiayaan murabahah adalah harga akhir.

EFEKTIVITAS METODE DEMONSTRASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN PADA PENGAJARAN SISTEM KOLOID

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Hamda Situmorang ◽  
Manihar Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Abstract Concept ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Lecture Method ◽  
Colloid System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

Abstract Implementation of demonstration method in the teaching of chemistry is assigned as the right strategy to improve students’ achievement as it is proved that the method can bring an abstract concept to reality in the class. The study is conducted to vocational high school students in SMKN1 Pargetteng getteng Sengkut Pakfak Barat at accademic year 2013. The teaching has been carried out three cycles on the teaching of chemistry topic of colloid system. In the study, the class is divided into two class, experiment class and control class. The demontration method is used to teach students in experimental class while the teaching in control class is conducted with lecture method. Both are evaluated by using multiple choise tests before and after the teaching procedures, and the ability of students to answer the problems are assigned as students’ achievements. The results showed that demonstration method improved students’ achievement in chemistry. The students in experimental class who are taughed with demonstration method (M=19.08±0.74) have higher achievements compare with control class (M=12.91±2.52), and both are significantly different (tcalculation 22.85 > ttable 1.66). The effectivity of demostration method in experimental class (97%) is found higer compare to conventional method in control class (91%).

Effects of Time and Perceptual Orientation on Actors' and Observers' Attributions

1984 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Donald S. Martin ◽  
Ming-Shiunn Huang
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Perceptual Orientation ◽  
Initial Difference ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
And Control ◽  
Unrelated Variety

The actor/observer effect was examined by Storms in a 1973 study which manipulated perceptual orientation using video recordings. Storms' study was complex and some of his results equivocal. The present study attempted to recreate the perceptual reorientation effect using a simplified experimental design and an initial difference between actors and observers which was the reverse of the original effect. Female undergraduates performed a motor co-ordination task as actors while watched by observers. Each person made attributions for the actor's behaviour before and after watching a video recording of the performance. For a control group the video recording was of an unrelated variety show excerpt. Actors' initial attributions were less situational than observers'. Both actors and observers became more situational after the video replay but this effect occurred in both experimental and control groups. It was suggested the passage of time between first and second recording of attributions could account for the findings and care should be taken when interpreting Storms' (1973) study and others which did not adequately control for temporal effects.

The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Model to Improve Iraqi EFL Learners’ Pronunciation in English at University Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 631-654
Author(s):  
Khaldoon Waleed Husam Al-Mofti
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
English Pronunciation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

For Iraqi EFL learners who are studying English pronunciation in a traditional instruction method often requires more effort and hard work. Thus, using new methods of teaching such as the flipped classroom model (FCM) is necessary to facilitate learning and improve performance. Hence, this study reports on explanatory research that investigates the effect of using the FCM in the teaching of English pronunciation for Iraqi EFL learners at the university level. The study implemented mixed research methods for data collection in a quasi-experimental analysis. Therefore, two tests were conducted on the assigned groups to measure the effect of the FCM before and after the intervention. Besides, a questionnaire and interviews were used on the experiment group students to collect data about their perceptions of the FCM. The study length (lasted)  was 15 weeks and is comprised of 60 students from the department of English, College of Arts at the University of Anbar. The students were divided into two groups, experimental, and control with 30 students in each group. The findings revealed that there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups in favour of the experimental group with better performance, indicating that the FCM has considerably assisted the Iraqi EFL learners to improve their English pronunciation. Moreover, the students expressed their positive feedback and satisfaction on the use of the FCM in their responses to the questionnaire and the interviews. As such, the current study recommends further research to study the effect of applying the FCM in areas and disciplines other than language learning.

Advanced Fringe Analysis Techniques in Circuit Edit

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Jain ◽  
T. Malik ◽  
T.R. Lundquist ◽  
C.-C. Tsao ◽  
W.J. Walecki
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Endpoint Detection ◽  
Fringe Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Slope Correction ◽  
Trench Area ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Abstract Novel Fabry Perot [1] fringe analysis techniques for monitoring the etching process with a coaxial photon-ion column [2] in the Credence OptiFIB are reported. Presently the primary application of these techniques in circuit edit is in trenching either from the front side or from the backside of a device. Optical fringes are observed in reflection geometry through the imaging system when the trench floor is thin and semi-transparent. The observed fringes result from optical interference in the etalon formed between the trench floor (Si in the case of backside trenching) and the circuitry layer beyond the trench floor. In-situ real-time thickness measurements and slope correction techniques are proposed that improve endpoint detection and control planarity of the trench floor. For successful through silicon edits, reliable endpoint detection and co-planarity of a local trench is important. Reliable endpoint detection prevents milling through bulk silicon and damaging active circuitry. Uneven trench floor thickness results in premature endpoint detection with sufficient thickness remaining in only part of the trench area. Good co-planarity of the trench floor also minimizes variability in the aspect ratios of the edit holes, hence increasing success rates in circuit edit.

Using advanced control, post-denitrification and equalisation to improve the performance of a submerged filter

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.H. Sørensen ◽  
D. Thornberg ◽  
K.F. Janning
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total N ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Advanced Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Side Flow ◽  
Configuration Control ◽  
Control Post

In 1998, the capacity of the BIOSTYR® submerged biofilter at Nyborg WWTP was extended from 48,000 PE to 60,000 PE including advanced sensor based control, post-denitrification in BIOSTYR® and equalization of side flows. The existing configuration with 8 BIOSTYR® DN/N cells is based on pre-denitrification and an internal recirculation of 600–800%. The extended plant comprises 7 BIOSTYR® DN/N cells with 50–225% recirculation followed by 3 BIOSTYR DN cells for post-denitrification. The advanced control loops include blower control, control of the number of active cells (stand-by), automatic switch to high load configuration, control of the side flow equalization, control of the internal recirculation and control of the external carbon source dosing. In this paper, the achieved improvements are documented by comparing influent and effluent data, methanol and energy consumption from comparable periods before and after the extension. Although the nitrogen load to the plant was increased by 20% after the extension, the effluent quality has improved significantly with a reduction of Total-N from 7–8 mg/l to 3–4 mg/l. Simultaneously, the methanol consumption has been reduced by more than 50% per kg removed nitrogen. The energy consumption remained constant although the nitrogen load was increased by 20% and the inflow by 80%.

Melatonin Improves Erythropoietin Hyporesponsiveness via Suppression of Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Evan Noori Hameed ◽  
Haydar F. Hadi AL Tukmagi ◽  
Hayder Ch Assad Allami
Keyword(s):  
Iron Status ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Controlled Clinical Study

Background: Inadequate response to Erythropoietin Stimulating Agents (ESA) despite using relatively larger doses regimen represents a potential risk factor of Cardiovascular (CV) related mortality in addition to health-care economic problems in anemic patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Erythropoietin (EPO) hyporesponsiveness related to inflammation has been increased progressively. Melatonin is well known as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. Therefore, the current study was designed to evaluate whether melatonin could improve anemic patients response to EPO. Methods: This single controlled clinical study was carried out in 41 CKD patients with hemoglobin (Hb) levels less than 11g/dl divided randomly in a 1:1 ratio into 2 groups; treatment group who received 5mg melatonin plus their regular treatments and control group who received their regular treatments only. Hematological and iron status parameters include Hb level, serum iron (S. iron), Transferrin Saturation Ratio (TSAT) and serum ferritin (S. ferritin) in addition to inflammatory parameters that include tissue necrotic factor alfa (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) determined before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Results: Melatonin remarkably increases the Hb level with a significant increase in S. iron and TSAT compared to baseline. The elevation of S. iron and TSAT was significantly higher in the melatonin group. Additionally, all inflammatory markers estimated were reduced significantly by melatonin compared to base line and control group. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that melatonin has an advantageous effect on improving EPO response in anemic patients with CKD.

Obesity management through Ayurveda - A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Kumar Tyagi ◽  
Shivakumar .
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Dietary Habit ◽  
Unhealthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Management ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
And Control

Lifestyle disorders are one of the biggest threats for the population living unhealthy lifestyle. Sthoulya (Obesity) is one such disorder which creates lot of physical as well as mental disorder to the sufferer. Due to changing lifestyle, comforts and dietary habit lots of individuals changed their life totally. Obesity is a growing disease in developed and developing countries. Prevalence is drastically hike in past few years. Ayurveda, the science of life with which we can manage and control lots of lifestyle disorders. Focusing on dietary and lifestyle management along with treatment, we can overcome the hazards of obesity which is growing in a uncontrolled manner. The available data is based on the clinical findings only. Aim and objective: To assess the effect of “Guru Cha Atarpanam Chikitsa” in the management of Sthoulya. Setting: Swastharakshana evam Yoga, OPD and IPD, SDMCAH, Hassan. Method: Udwarthana, Parisheka, Shamana Aushadhis, Ahara, and Vihara was followed within the treatment duration and effect of treatment was assessed before and after treatment, advised for follow up. Results: The treatment adopted is effective in the management of Sthoulya and to improve the quality of life.

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