Utilizing District Metered Area Water Loss Analysis in a Mid-Size Utility

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim O’Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
District Metered Area

scholarly journals Failure and water loss analysis in selected water supply systems

2014 ◽  
Vol XXXI (61 (4/14)) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Studziński ◽  
◽  
Katarzyna Pietrucha - Urbanik ◽  
Artur Mędlara
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Supply Systems

Introducing pressure and number of connections into water loss indicators for French drinking water supply networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Renaud ◽  
M. Clauzier ◽  
A. C. Sandraz ◽  
J. Pillot ◽  
D. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Level ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
District Metered Area ◽  
New System

In France, the system of performance indicators defined within the relevant regulations does not include indicators relating to pressure, or the number of connections. So, Irstea and Veolia Water decided to create a new system of water loss indicators designed for use in France and that would take into account these parameters. The study was initially carried out at District Metered Area (DMA) level. These analyses showed the advantages of considering the ratio of losses to number of connections, but did not highlight a significant link between water loss levels and average pressure. After that, using a module that automatically calculates average pressure based on an EPAnet model of a network, it was possible to carry out a study at the system level. The results at the system scale were similar to those obtained at the DMA level. The study demonstrates that it is relevant to use a performance indicator of losses per connection. On the other hand, it showed no link between the volume of losses and the average pressure, which is contrary to what is commonly admitted.

scholarly journals PEMETAAN PRIORITAS LOKASI DISTRICT METERED AREA (DMA) DENGAN PENENTUAN POTENSI NON REVENUE WATER (NRW) DENGAN GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Wirawan ◽  
Denny Helard ◽  
Puti Sri Komala
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Weighted Sum ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Spatial Attributes ◽  
Drinking Water Supply System ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
District Metered Area

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prioritas lokasi dari beberapa rencana District Metered Area (DMA) untuk penurunan Non Revenue Water (NRW) pada salah satu zona Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (SPAM) Jawa Gadut, Pauh, Kota Padang. Dari 5 (lima) lokasi Rencana DMA dalam zona SPAM dipilih dari data yang sudah lengkap yakni pada DMA 01 dan DMA 02. Penelitian menawarkan metode yang aplikatif dan dapat diterapkan ke lokasi lain. Prioritas lokasi DMA didasarkan pada tingkat potensi NRW komponen kehilangan air fisik dan non fisik dari faktor dan subfaktor penyebab yang sudah diinput kedalam attribut spasialnya. Dengan menggunakan Weighted Sum Method (WSM) dan dipetakan melalui Geographical Information System (GIS) diperoleh hasil komponen kehilangan air fisik pada kelas potensi NRW tinggi, sedang dan rendah berurutan pada DMA 01 adalah 81%, 19%, 0% dan pada DMA 02 adalah 60,5%, 0,1%, 39,4%. Potensi NRW komponen kehilangan air non fisik pada kelas potensi NRW tinggi, sedang dan rendah berturut-turut pada DMA 01 adalah 5,6%, 76,3%, 18,1% dan pada DMA 02 adalah 0,6 % dan 74,8 %, 24,6%. Terlihat bahwa metode berhasil untuk mengetahui lokasi DMA yang prioritas dan mengetahui potensi NRW kehilangan air fisik lebih tinggi dibandingkan potensi kehilangan air non fisik. Kata Kunci: District metered area (DMA), geographical information system (GIS), non revenue water (NRW), SPAM jawa gadut,  weighted sum method (WSM). This study aims to determine the location priority of several District Metered Area (DMA) plans to reduce Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in one of the zones for the Java Gadut drinking water supply system (SPAM), Pauh, Padang City. From the 5 (five) locations of the DMA Plan in the SPAM zone were selected from complete data, namely DMA 01 and DMA 02. The research offers an applicable method that can be applied to other locations. DMA location priority is based on the level of potential NRW components of physical and non-physical water loss from the causative factors and subfactors that have been inputted into their spatial attributes. By using the Weighted Sum Method (WSM) and mapped through  Geographical Information System (GIS), the results of the physical water loss components in the high, medium and low potential NRW classes in DMA 01 were 81%, 19%, 0% and at DMA 02 were 60.5%, 0.1%, 39.4%. The NRW potential of non-physical water loss components in the high, medium and low NRW potential classes at DMA 01 were 5.6%, 76.3%, 18.1%, and at DMA 02, 0.6% and 74.8, respectively. %, 24.6%. It appears that the method is successful in determining the priority DMA location and knowing the potential NRW for physical water loss is higher than the potential for non-physical water loss. Keywords: District metered area (DMA), geographical information system (GIS), non revenue water (NRW), SPAM jawa gadut, weighted sum method (WSM)

Structure of the surface of thornless blackberry fruits: Relevance to post harvest weight loss

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
S. N. Jones ◽  
G. M. Sapers ◽  
F. W. Douglas ◽  
T. O. Dobson Eastern
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Thornless Blackberry

Strategies to improve marketability of small fruits include the identification of characteristics that contribute to longer shelf life. One characteristic of a durable berry is that it retains moisture after harvest and resists desiccation. In our study of 10 thornless blackberry cultivars and selections during refrigerated storage, weight loss varied from 1% to 3% per day and rates were linear for 10 days. Fluid leakage was not a factor, and the primary source of weight loss was concluded to be transpiration. Microscopy was performed to identify structural correlates of berry weight loss. Surface wax on plant structures is known to be a barrier to water loss.Representative berries from the hand-selected fruits, sorted for weight loss analysis, were processed for microscopy 24-36 hr after harvest, during which time the fruits were held at 0-1 C. Samples were fixed with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, dehydrated with an acetone series, and embedded in Spurr's resin.

N ε ‐carboxymethyllysine and N ε ‐carboxyethyllysine kinetics and water loss analysis during chicken braising

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongshuai Zhu ◽  
Rui Fang ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Ming Huang ◽  
Yunji Wei
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Loss Analysis

High energy resolution spectrometer for the dedicated STEM

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 558-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.E. Batson
Keyword(s):  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Core Loss ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Resolution ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
Good Definition ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acceleration Voltage

Use of the STEM to obtain precise electronic information has been hampered by the lack of energy loss analysis capable of a resolution and accuracy comparable to the 0.3eV energy width of the Field Emission Source. Recent work by Park, et. al. and earlier by Crewe, et. al. have promised magnetic sector devices that are capable of about 0.75eV resolution at collection angles (about 15mR) which are great enough to allow efficient use of the STEM probe current. These devices are also capable of 0.3eV resolution at smaller collection angles (4-5mR). The problem that arises, however, lies in the fact that, even with the collection efficiency approaching 1.0, several minutes of collection time are necessary for a good definition of a typical core loss or electronic transition. This is a result of the relatively small total beam current (1-10nA) that is available in the dedicated STEM. During this acquisition time, the STEM acceleration voltage may fluctuate by as much as 0.5-1.0V.

Electron Microscopy of Silicon Deposits in Foliar Idioblasts of Magnolia Grandiflora

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Michael T. Postek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Magnolia Grandiflora ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Hydrated Oxide

Silicon occurs naturally in plants in the form of its hydrated oxide (SiO2.nH2O) commonly called silica. Silica has been shown to be a necessary element in the normal development of many plants, playing an array of roles including strengthening, protection, and reduction of water loss. Deposition of silica in various portions of the plant body, especially the leaves, may also be viewed as a way for the plant to dispose of any excess silica taken up beyond that necessary for normal metabolism.Studies of this “opaline” silica have thus far been limited to species of the Cyperaceae and Gramineae known to possess significant quantities of silica. Within the Magnoliaceae, certain “glistening” idioblast cells at the foliar veinlet termini and vein sheaths of Magnolia grandiflora (1) have been suspected to be siliceous in nature.

Empirical analysis of market boundaries in telecommunications

2019 ◽  
pp. 90-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Pavlova ◽  
Andrey Е. Shastitko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
End Users ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Antitrust Law ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Loss Analysis ◽  
E Mail

The article deals with the problem of determining market boundaries for antitrust law enforcement in the field of telecommunications. An empirical approach has been proposed for determining the product boundaries of the market in the area of mass distribution of messages, taking into account the comparative characteristics of the types and methods of notification (informing) of end users; the possibilities of switching from one way of informing to another, including the evolution of such opportunities under the influence of technological changes; switching between different notification methods. Based on the use of surveys of customers of sending SMS messages, it is shown that the product boundaries should include not only sending messages via SMS, but also e-mail, instant messengers, Push notifications and voice information. The paper illustrates the possibilities of applying the method of critical loss analysis to determining the boundaries of markets based on a mixture of surveys and economic modeling.

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