scholarly journals Microencapsulation of clove oil using spray dry with casein encapsulator and activity test towards Streptococcus mutans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Sahlan ◽  
Sindy Fitriani Lestari ◽  
Teti Indrawati ◽  
Diah Kartika Pratami ◽  
Anondho Wijarnako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Spray Dry ◽  
Activity Test

scholarly journals Antibacterial effect of clove (Eugenia aromaticum) oil extracted from clove cigarettes towards Streptococcus mutans

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alif Wazir Jumali ◽  
Mieke Hemiawati Satari ◽  
Warta Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Oil Extract

Streptococcus mutans is a commensal bacteria of the oral cavity, particularly found in dental plaque attached to the tooth surface, and can also found in the saliva, buccal mucosa, tongue, and the gingival sulcus. Clove cigarette contains the clove oil used worldwide as a herbal remedy for a variety of health disorders due to its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. The purpose of this study was to determined the antibacterial effect of the clove oil contained in the clove cigarette towards Streptococcus mutans as a cariogenic bacteria. The research was an experimental laboratory, which tested the sensitivity of the Streptococcus mutans bacteria taken from the saliva of 10 clove cigarette smokers towards the clove oil extract of the clove cigarette in-vitro by using the Kirby-Bauer method. The study showed that the clove oil extract of the clove cigarette which contained eugenol has antibacterial towards the growth of Streptococcus mutans, and there was a difference of the antibacterial activity between clove oil extracted from minced and combusted clove cigarette. The conclusion of this study was the clove oil extracted from minced clove cigarette had a better antibacterial effect than the combusted clove cigarette.

scholarly journals Toothpaste Activity Test of Laban Leaf Methanol Extract (Vitex pinnata) Against the Growth of Streptococcus mutans Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Cut Nuraskin ◽  
Reca Reca ◽  
Teuku Salfiyadi ◽  
Abdurrahman Abdurrahman ◽  
Teuku Iskandar Faisal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Activity Test

BACKGROUND: One of the natural ingredients that can be used as a substitute for preventing dental caries is the methanol extract of Laban leaves. Laban contains various compounds that are known to have antibacterial properties. The traditional ability of Laban Leaf Methanol Extract has been proven to treat diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyzing the activity test of Laban leaf methanol extract toothpaste (Vitex pinnata) against the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. METHODS: This type of laboratory experimental research (true experimental design) with post-test only control group design. This research was conducted at the Poltekkes Pharmacy Laboratory of the Ministry of Health in Aceh in July-August. The research sample consisted of Laban leaves collected randomly in the Ie Seu Um Geothermal area of Selawah Agam Aceh Besar. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. Antibacterial activity data were statistically processed with one-way ANOVA at a confidence level of α 0.05. RESULTS: The organoleptic test results observed for 3 weeks showed that there were differences in color and aroma; the higher the concentration of the resulting color, the darker it was, and resulting in a soft, sweet taste in the toothpaste of laban leaf methanol extract. The pH acidity test results showed an effect of storage time (the week I, week II, and week III) on toothpaste’s pH value. The viscosity test results showed that the toothpaste formula combined with the methanol extract of Laban leaves met the SNI 12-524-1995 standards regarding toothpaste. Toothpaste formula F3. 4.5% has the greatest viscosity, ranging from 241.0 (PDAs), and followed by F2. 240.4%, and F1. 237.6%. The higher the active ingredient concentration, the greater the viscosity value. The foam formation test results show that the foam’s stability is greatly influenced by particle size. The more the particle size, the lower the foam stability. ANOVA test results based on the concentration of significance value (0.000) <0.05, there is a difference in the number of bacterial colonies based on the concentration variable. ANOVA test results based on the repetition of significant values (0.423)> 0.05, which means that all repetitions have the same effect on the number of colonies, so there is no difference in the number of colonies based on the repetition variable. CONCLUSION: Minimum inhibitory concentration of toothpaste laban leaf methanol extract against S. mutans growth was aimed at a concentration of 4.5%, with an average number of bacterial colonies 108.5 × 10−7 CFU/mL).

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Teripang Stichopus hermanii, Semper 1868 (Holothuroidea : Stichopodidae) sebagai Penghasil Senyawa Antibakteri terhadap Streptococcus mutans Clarke, 1924 (Bacilli : Streptococcaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
Rika Monika ◽  
Delianis Pringgenies ◽  
Wilis Ari Setyati
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Activity Test

Teripang Stichopus hermanii merupakan biota laut yang mempunyai senyawa dengan bioaktivitas sebagai antibakteri terhadap patogen. Stichopus hermanii mampu menghambat bakteri gram positif dan negatif. Produk teripang yang sudah ada banyak memperlihatkan manfaatnya salah satunya untuk gigi. Produk komersil yang terlihat di masyarakat yakni pasta gigi, namun belum diketehaui  secara mendetail mengenai seberapa besar peran pasta gigi tersebut dalam mengatasi permasalahn gigi.  Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui senyawa yang aktif didalam ekstrak teripang Stichopus hermanii. Metode ekstraksi yakni dengan padat ke cair, pencarian senyawa aktif menggunakan skrining fitokimia dengan pereaksi yang berbeda setiap pengujiannya, dan uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda-beda. Uji aktivitas antibakteri pada ekstrak S. hermanii menggunakan bakteri patogen Streptococcus mutans. Hasil senyawa aktif yang didapat dari skrinining fitokimia meliputi flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid dan saponin. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol S. hermanii mampu menghambat bakteri S.mutans. Zona hambat tertinggi pada S. mutans  5,86 mm ± 4,92 dengan konsentrasi 80 µg/disk pada waktu 24 jam. Disimpulkan bahwa senyawa aktif pada ekstrak metanol S. hermanii mempunyai bioaktivitas antibakteri pada bakteri S. mutans.  The sea cucumber Stichopus hermanii is a marine biota that has compounds with bioactivity as an antibacterial against pathogens. Stichopus hermanii can inhibit gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Sea cucumber products that already exist have shown many benefits, one of which is for teeth. The commercial product seen in the community is toothpaste, but it is not yet known in detail how big the role of toothpaste is in overcoming dental problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the active compounds in sea cucumber extract Stichopus hermanii. The extraction method is solid to liquid, the search for active compounds uses phytochemical screening with different reagents for each test, and the antibacterial activity test uses the agar diffusion method with different concentrations. Antibacterial activity test on S. hermanii extract using the pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. The results of the active compounds obtained from phytochemical screening include flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and saponins. The antibacterial activity test showed that the methanol extract of S. hermanii was able to inhibit S. mutans bacteria. The highest zone of inhibition in S. mutans was 5.86 mm ± 4.92 with a concentration of 80 g/disk at 24 hours. It was concluded that the active compound in the methanolic extract of S. hermanii had antibacterial bioactivity on S. mutans bacteria.

scholarly journals Efek antibakteri dan penghambatan biofilm ekstrak sereh (Cymbopogon nardus L.) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zwista Yulia Dewi ◽  
Asikin Nur ◽  
Triana Hertriani
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

Pencegahan karies dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa cara. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam pencegahan karies adalah dengan mengontrol akumulasi plak pada permukaan gigi. Tanaman sereh (Cymbopogon nardus L.) mengandung senyawa yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan biofilm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek antibakteri dan penghambatan biofilm tanaman sereh terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Subjek penelitian adalah Bakteri S. mutans pada uji KHM90 sebanyak 6x108 CFU/ml dan pada uji penghambatan biofilm sebanyak 15x108 CFU/ml. Tanaman sereh kering diekstraksi bertingkat dengan menggunakan petroleum eter dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan etanol 70%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan uji penentuan KHM90 menggunakan metodemikrodilusi pada microplate flat bottom 96 wells. Bakteri disiapkan dengan membuat suspensi dalam media NB dan digunakan standar McFarland II (6 x108 CFU/ml). Uji aktivitas penghambatan biofilm dilakukan menggunakan metode mikrodilusi terhadap biofilm yang terbentuk pada microplate flat flexible U-bottom PVC 96 wells dengan pewarnaan menggunakan crystal violet 1%. Bakteri disiapkan dengan membuat suspensi dalam media BHI dan digunakan standar McFarland V (15 x108 CFU/ml). Hasil uji berupa optical density (OD) dibaca dengan alat Bio-rad microplate readerBenchmark pada panjang gelombang 595 nm. Nilai IC50 ditentukan dengan metode probit menggunakan program SPSS versi 15. Hasil dari penelitian yaitu pengukuran pada uji KHM90 menunjukkan bahwa 108,36% b/v mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri. Aktivitas penghambatan biofilm menunjukkan harga IC50 sereh adalah 0,137% b/v. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat efek antibakteri ekstrak sereh terhadap bakteri S. mutans ditunjukkan dengan diperolehnya KHM90 pada kadar konsentrasi 0,18% b/v dan terdapat efek penghambatan biofilm ekstrak sereh terhadap bakteri S. mutans ditunjukkan dengan nilai IC50 0,137%. Antibacterial effect and biofilm inhibition Of Lemongrass extract (Cymbopogon nardus L.) against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Caries prevention can be carried out by several methods. One of them is by controlling the plaque accumulation on the surface of the teeth. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon nardus L) is containing certain compound that can inhibit the growth of bacteria and biofilm. The objective of this research is to observe the influence of antibacterial and biofilm inhibition of lemongrass extract against the growth of S. mutans. Subjects were S. mutans bacteria on KHM90 test as much as 6x108 CFU/ml and on biofilm inhibition test as much as 15x108 CFU/ml. Lemongrass was extracted using petroleum ether followed by using 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity test carried out with KHM90 determination test using microdilution method on microplate flat bottom 96 wells. Bacteria were prepared by making a suspension in NB media and adjusted to McFarland II standard (6x108 CFU/ml). Biofilm inhibition activity test was performed using microdilution method of the biofilm formed on microplate flat flexible PVC U-bottom 96 wells which were stained using 1% of crystal violet. Bacteria were prepared by making a suspension in BHI media and adjusted to McFarland V standard (15 x108 CFU/ml). The result in the form of optical density (OD) was read by Bio-rad microplate reader Benchmark at a wavelength of 595 nm. The value of IC50 was determined by probit method using SPSS version 15.The results of this study of measurements on KHM90 test showed that 108,36% w/v is capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Biofilm inhibitory activity showed IC50 lemongrass value was 0,137% w/v. The conclusion of this study is that lemongrass extract has antibacterial effect against bacteria S. mutans showed by KHM90 obtained at concentrations of 0,18% w/v and there is lemongrass extract biofilm inhibitory effect against the bacteria S. mutans indicated by IC50 value 0,137%

scholarly journals Clove Oil (Syzygium aromaticum) Edible Film Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test against Streptococcus mutans

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wida Ningsih ◽  
Afdhil Arel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

Clove oil contains eugenol as an antibacterial. Meanwhile, products containing clove oil have been widely used as toothpaste and mouthwash. In this study, clove oil was formulated in the form of edible film because it is practical, easy to use, and could be used without water like other oral hygiene preparations. The edible film is a thin layer film made of consumable materials used as a carrier of antibacterial compounds. Clove oil edible film was then formulated with clove oil concentrations of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% and determined for its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans. Clove oil edible film preparations were evaluated under their physical properties, including friability, drying shrinkage, pH, thickness, and swelling ability. Antibacterial activity testing of clove oil edible film was conducted, employing the blood agar diffusion method against Streptococcus mutans. The physical evaluation of the clove oil edible film showed almost the same physical properties as the comparison (GF). Clove oil edible film test results revealed the greatest inhibition at F1 of 18.6 mm ± 0.577, F2 of 22.3 mm ± 2.081, and F3 of 25.3 mm ± 1.527. According to David and Stout, the inhibition activity of bacteria on F3 was categorized as a very strong group inhibition response. In addition, ANOVA test analysis results uncovered that the concentration of clove oil affected the inhibition of the Streptococcus mutans bacteria with a significance value of 0.000 (p 0.05). Also, Duncan's test exhibited that each concentration of clove oil had a significant difference in the inhibition of Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of Pit and Fissure Sealants on the Prevention of Enamel Demineralization After Exposure to Streptococcus mutans Biofilm: An Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
Patrícia da Silva Lopes Pereira DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fissure Sealants ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Knoop Microhardness

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sealants on the prevention of enamel demineralization and on biofilm metabolic activity. Materials and Methods: Cavity preparations were performed on 45 blocks of bovine teeth (4x4x4 mm) randomly assigned to three groups (n=15): RI-Riva Light Cure®/SDI; EM-Embrace™ WetBond™ Pulpdent Corp.®; and CO-Natural Flow/DFL resin (negative control). The sealed blocks were subjected to thermocycling (500 cycles/30 s). Half of the blocks were covered with acidresistant varnish to create a control area (RI, EM, and CO) and an experimental area (RI-EX, EM-EX, and CO-EX). They were subsequently exposed to Streptococcus mutans biofilm for assessment of demineralization by the Knoop microhardness test (50 g/15 s), at 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μm from the interface. In another test, the cylinders of the sealants (4 mmx3 mm) were subjected to the biofilm metabolic activity test. Results: The RI-EX group showed higher microhardness than CO-EX (p<0.05) and less demineralization when compared to RI at all distances. Microbial activity was lower in EM compared to CO, but not statistically significant in relation to RI. Conclusion: Both sealants can inhibit enamel demineralization in the presence of S. mutans biofilm.

scholarly journals Formulation and Antibacterial Activity of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng Leaves Ethanolic Extract as Herbal Mouthwash Against Halitosis Caused Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (22) ◽  
pp. 3900-3903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazliniwaty Nazliniwaty ◽  
Lia Laila
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

BACKGROUND: Halitosis is one of the unpleasant conditions which could alter the self-confidence and cause serious illness. One of the treatments to overcome halitosis is by using mouthwash. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng is one of the plants that is known to have antibacterial activity which can be used to overcome halitosis caused bacteria. AIM: To formulate the Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves ethanolic extract as herbal mouthwash and to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. METHODS: The methods of the study included the characterization and screening of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves dried powder; the extraction process by maceration using 96% ethanol; the antibacterial activity test of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves ethanolic extract and the formulation and evaluation of mouthwash dosage form with various concentrations of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves ethanolic extract. RESULTS: The characterization results showed that the Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves powder contained 7.92% of water, 29.26% of water-soluble substance, 13.32% of ethanol soluble substance, 0.82% of total ash and 0.66% of acid insoluble ash. The screening examination gave glycoside, saponin, flavonoid, tannin and steroid/triterpenoid positive results. The antibacterial activity test of the Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng mouthwash showed that the dosage form with 2% of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng extract successfully inhibited the growth of bacteria with 12.00 and 11.25 mm of inhibition diameter for both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans, respectively. CONCLUSION: The Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng leaves ethanolic extract can be formulated in mouthwash dosage form and has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Fluoride in Streptococcus mutans Growth in Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yura Pradiptama ◽  
Marijam Purwanta ◽  
Harianto Notopuro
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Positive Coccus

Introduction: Streptococcus mutans is a gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a pathogen of dental caries. S. mutans known to form biofilm in infective endocarditis heart-valve. Fluoride usage known to reduce the risk of dental caries. This study aims to analyze how usage of fluoride in inhibiting S. mutans growth.Methods: This study was an experimental study. Antibacterial activity test was performed to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using dilution method of sodium fluoride. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was determined by culturing from the previous dilution test into Chocolate Agar Plate.Results: MIC for sodium fluoride is 4,8 mg/ml and the MBC for sodium fluoride to S. mutans is 4,8 mg/ml. We found S. mutans growth in higher concentration than 19,2 mg/ml. Conclusion: S. mutans was inhibited in dilution test. Growth of the bacteria in higher concentration of sodium fluoride is explained with quasi-irreversible inhibtior effects of fluorida.

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DARI EKSTRAK ETANOL TEMU KUNCI (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb) TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Lestari Mahmudah ◽  
Sri Atun
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
The Subject

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol rimpang temukunci (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb) terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Subjek penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol temukunci. Objek penelitian ini adalah aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etanol temukunci. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode difusi dari Kirby-Bauer tes. Sebagai kontrol positif digunakan kloramfenikol. Variasi konsentrasi yang di uji pada kisaran 0,5 sampai 500 µg/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol temukunci bersifat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans. Konsentrasi maksimal yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans yaitu pada konsentrasi 50 µg/ml.  (ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF ETHANOL EXTRACT TEMU KUNCI (Boesenbergia pandurata) AGAINST Streptococcus mutans BACTERIA)The purpose of this study was determined the antibacterial activity on ethanol extract of temukunci (Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb) against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The subject of this research was the ethanol extract of temukunci. The object of this study was the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of temukunci. The research method was disk difussion method by Kirby-Bauer test. The positive control that  used was chloramphenicol. The concentration variations were 0.5 sampai 500 µg/ml. The results show that the ethanol extract of temukunci can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. Maximum concentration that can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria is at concentration 50 µg/ml.  

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