Community, Class, and Kinship—Bases for Collective Action within Localities

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R R Hall ◽  
D C Thorns ◽  
W E Willmott
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between community and class has largely been neglected. In this paper, this relationship is focused upon, and a model is developed which allows the identification of significant aspects of locality and class relationships. The model identifies three sets of relationships, those based on propinquity, those based on property, and those based on kinship, and argues that the basis of communion within a locality can be found within any one of these three main sets of relationships. The research which stimulated this paper started with a focus upon the relationship between space and class as expressed in the pattern of landownership. Working from this beginning point, the analysis moves to examine the nature of boundaries and the structure of local organisations which constitute ‘latent’ community. A further dimension, which was pivotal in many traditional rural community studies, is then explored, namely kinship. For each of these three sets of relationships, it is possible to identify objective patterns based upon boundaries and upon local organisation, property ownership, and kin connections. The process by which these objective relationships acquire subjective meaning is similar in each of the three cases. The possibility both of contradiction and of reinforcement therefore exists in the development of communion within localities. The conditions under which propinquity produces community through the development of subjective consciousness are then explored. In the conclusions a number of issues are highlighted which are brought into focus by this approach. These are the interconnections of community and class, the relationship between transience and social structure, and between male mateship and egalitarianism, the role of gender within communities, and, finally, the relationship between localities and the wider society.

Collective action among rural poor

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-43
Author(s):  
George Okello Candiya Bongomin ◽  
John C. Munene ◽  
Joseph Mpeera Ntayi ◽  
Charles Akol Malinga
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Intermediation ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Bootstrap Approach ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the mediating role of collective action in the relationship between financial intermediation and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses structural equation modeling (SEM) through bootstrap approach constructed using analysis of moment structures to test for the mediating role of collective action in the relationship between financial intermediation and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda. Besides, the paper adopts Baron and Kenny’s (1986) approach to establish whether conditions for mediation by collective action exist.FindingsThe results revealed that collective action significantly mediates the relationship between financial intermediation and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda. The findings further indicated that the mediated model had better model fit indices than the non-mediated model under SEM bootstrap. Furthermore, the results showed that both collective action and financial intermediation have significant and direct impacts on financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda. Therefore, the findings suggest that the presence of collective action boost financial intermediation for improved financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda.Research limitations/implicationsThe study used quantitative data collected through cross-sectional research design. Further studies through the use of interviews could be adopted in future. Methodologically, the study adopted use of SEM bootstrap approach to establish the mediating effect of collective action. However, it ignored the Sobel’s test and MedGraph methods. Future studies could adopt the use of alternative methods of Sobel’s test and MedGraph. Additionally, the study focused only on semi-formal financial institutions. Hence, further studies may consider the use of data collected from formal and informal institutions.Practical implicationsPolicy makers and managers of financial institutions should consider the role of collective action in promoting economic development, especially in developing countries. They should create structures and design financial services and products that promote collective action among the poor in rural Uganda.Originality/valueAlthough several scholars have articulated financial inclusion based on both the supply and demand side factors, this is the first study to test the mediating role of collective action in the relationship between financial intermediation and financial inclusion of the poor in rural Uganda using SEM bootstrap approach. Theoretically, the study combines the role of collective action with financial intermediation to promote financial inclusion. Financial intermediation theory ignores the role played by collective action in the intermediation process between the surplus and deficit units.

Bringing Gender into the Emerging Adulthood Literature

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Gendered Identities ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter begins with an overview of the thematic trends that emerged across chapters in these analyses including the relationship between gendered identities and sexuality and the subjective negativity most respondents feel toward their bodies. The analyses are summarized to help understand contemporary meanings attached to masculinities and femininities, as well as to the powerful role of culture to frame understandings about the self, even the materiality of the body. This chapter ends by returning to a discussion of gender as a social structure at this historical moment and how the Millennials wrestle with it as they emerge into adulthood. Conceptualizing gender as a social structure helps us better understand the complex reality of these young people’s lives.

Exposure to conspiracy theories, collective actions and political engagement: The moderating role of primed victimhood and the mediation role of negative emotions following the 2018 bushfire in Attica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theofilos Gkinopoulos ◽  
Silvia Mari
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Social Events ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Conspiracy theories often concern political and milestone social events, mobilizing various explanations or actions. However, there is a still emerging research on how conspiracy theories mobilize normative and non-normative collective action, as well as political engagement. Furthermore, questions to be explored relate to emotional underpinnings of the consequential aspect of conspiracy theories. In our paper, we conducted two studies on exploring the relationship between exposure to conspiracy theories and normative, non-normative collective action and political engagement, moderated by primed victimhood and mediated by fear/anxiety and anger emotional indices. In two studies, we established the effect of exposure to conspiracy theories on normative, non-normative collection and political engagement, as well as the emotional valence following exposure to conspiracy or non-conspiracy scenarios. We also found a significant interaction between exposure to conspiracy theories and primed victimhood on normative, non-normative collective action and political engagement. Finally, fear/anxiety and anger indices mediated the moderation effect of the interaction between exposure to conspiracy theories and primed victimhood on the aforementioned dependent variables. Results are discussed in light of the broader impact of circulation of conspiracy theories and their effective tackle amidst societal traumas.

scholarly journals A re-assessment of reporting bias in event-based violence data with respect to cell phone coverage

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205316801773068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian M. Hollenbach ◽  
Jan H. Pierskalla
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Reporting Bias ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Violent Event ◽  
Event Based ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the issue of possible reporting bias in media-based violent-event data and its relation to the role of communication technology in fostering collective action. We expand the work of Weidmann (2016), presenting several sensitivity analyses to determine the degree to which reporting bias may confound the relationship between communication technology and violence in a recent study that relies on event data for Africa. We find no strong evidence that suggests results on the positive relationship between communication technology and collective action in the study by Pierskalla and Hollenbach (2013) are wholly an artifact of reporting bias.

scholarly journals Spaces for Transdisciplinary Dialogues on the Relationship between Local Communities and Their Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Marta Crivos ◽  
María Rosa Martínez ◽  
Laura Teves ◽  
Carolina Remorini
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Subsistence Activities ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractOur ethnographic research focuses on the perception and use of components of the natural environment in terms of routine activities carried out by the residents of a rural community in the Calchaqui Valley (Salta, Argentina). Life in this community is characterised by the presence of traditional subsistence activities – agriculture, cattle farming, textile manufacturing and ancestral medical practices – coexisting with business ventures focused on mono-culture and export, tourism centred on landscape intervention and promotion of native products, and the growing key role of public policies in the areas of health and human development. In this context, a joint reflection on viability and sustainability of local and global practices and resources must be undertaken. Implementing intersectoral forums and focus-group discussions, governmental and non-governmental actors, researchers and local people must work conjointly to achieve a fresh patrimonial awareness of livelihood strategies based on their long interaction with a specific environment.

Hope Under Oppression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Just World ◽  
Ideal World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face ◽  
Moral Faith ◽  
The Relationship

This book explores the nature, value, and role of hope in human life under conditions of oppression. Oppression is often a threat and damage to hope, yet many members of oppressed groups, including prominent activists pursuing a more just world, find hope valuable and even essential to their personal and political lives. This book offers a unique evaluative framework for hope that captures the intrinsic value of hope for many of us, the rationality and morality of hope, and ultimately how we can hope well in the non-ideal world we share. It develops an account of the relationship between hope and anger about oppression and argues that anger tends to be accompanied by hopes for repair. When people’s hopes for repair are not realized, as is often the case for those who are oppressed, anger can evolve into bitterness: a form of unresolved anger involving a loss of hope that injustice will be sufficiently acknowledged and addressed. But even when all hope might seem lost or out of reach, faith can enable resilience in the face of oppression. Spiritual faith, faith in humanity, and moral faith are part of what motivates people to join in solidarity against injustice, through which hope can be recovered collectively. Joining with others who share one’s experiences or commitments for a better world and uniting with them in collective action can restore and strengthen hope for the future when hope might otherwise be lost.

Unemployment and mental health

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Mel Bartley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Educational Credentials ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of mass unemployment on an Austrian community was one of the first examples of the practice of public mental health. In the 86 years and three more recessions that have followed, the study of the relationship between unemployment and mental health has been revolutionized. From community studies to studies of individuals to research taking account of the whole of the life course, we are now rediscovering the importance of social and economic context. It has become clear that full employment of men, including those with more adversity in early life and fewer educational credentials, was a temporary phenomenon of the mid-twentieth century. But advances in theory, method, and data availability mean that public mental health practitioners are in a strong position to carry out the classical role of mitigating the harms of social change.

scholarly journals Women, English and Empowerment: Voices from Rural Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Sayeedur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Adequate Research

English has been an integral part of Bangladesh education system since her independence in 1971. The process of globalization has transformed the lives of million in the developing world like Bangladesh.  The rise of globalization has also meant a growing awareness of the use of English and its possible impact on the lives of people. However, there has not been adequate research conducted which could find a direct link between English and empowerment. The role of English and its impact on the socio-economic growth of individuals didn’t get much attention. Moreover, there has been inadequate attention to understanding of the relationship between English and its role on women’s empowerment in rural community. With this background this study is an attempt to contribute to our understanding of the socio-economic orientation of women by analyzing the impact of English in Bangladesh through a qualitative approach. It provides a useful understanding of the need for English language in specific areas of work. Based on such needs, it will attempt to provide insights for the planning of sustainable intervention strategies for the development of English language skills for women in Bangladesh.

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