COMPARATIVE FUNDING CONSEQUENCES OF LARGE VERSUS SMALL GAS-FIRED POWER GENERATION UNITS

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
N.G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Supply Contracts ◽  
Contract Negotiations ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Risk Characteristics ◽  
Private Power ◽  
Installed Capacity

Gas producers are increasingly looking to privately-owned gas-fired power generation as a major growth market to support the development of new fields being discovered across Australia.Gas-fired generating technology is more environmentally friendly than coal-fired power stations, has lower unit capital costs and has higher efficiency levels. With the recent downward trends in gas prices for power generation (especially in Western Australia) it is likely that gas will indeed be the consistently preferred fuel for generation in Australia.Gas producers should be sensitive to the different financial and risk characteristics of the potential markets represented by large versus small gas-fired private power stations. These differences are exaggerated by the much sharper focus given by the private sector to quantifying risk and to its allocation to the parties best able to manage it.The significant commercial differences between classes of generation projects result in gas producers themselves being exposed to diverging risk profiles through their gas supply contracts with generating companies. Selling gas to larger generation units results in gas suppliers accepting proportionately (i.e. not just pro-rata to the larger installed capacity) higher levels of financial risk. Risk arises from the higher probability of a project not being completed, from the increased size of penalty payments associated with non-delivery of gas and from the rising level of competition from competing gas suppliers.A conclusion is that gas producers must fully understand the economics and risks of their potential electricity customers. Full financial analysis will materially help the gas supplier in subsequent commercial gas contract negotiations.

Electric Power Production in Italy

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 1135-1145
Author(s):  
Arnaldo M. Angelini
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Steam Power ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Electric Power Production ◽  
Power Regulation ◽  
Hydroelectric Plants ◽  
Installed Capacity

This paper is a survey of power generation and installed capacity in Italy since the beginning of the century to date, with reference to the contribution and relative incidence of the various primary sources exploited. It includes a summary review of the evolution of the main characteristics of hydro plants designed for power generation and regulation, fossil-fired steam power stations, and nuclear power stations, with reference to the structure of the station and to the rating and main features of the generating units. Prospects are discussed and the foreseeable evolution of (a) generating plants in relation to the availability and competitiveness of the primary sources of energy; and (b) hydroelectric plants for power regulation.

scholarly journals Grid Parity Analysis of China’s Centralized Photovoltaic Generation under Multiple Uncertainties

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Dequn Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Grid Parity ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
Time Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Installed Capacity

The cost of centralized photovoltaic (CPV) power generation has been decreasing rapidly in China. However, the achievement of grid parity is full of uncertainties due to changes in policies and the industry environment. In order to explore the time, price, and external conditions in which grid parity can be achieved, we create the improved grey GM (1, 1) model to estimate the installed capacity over the next 10 years, and apply a learning curve to predict the cost of CPV generation. In the analysis of grid parity, we compare the benchmark price of coal power and the price under the market-oriented mechanism with CPV. The results show that China’s CPV industry will enter the early stage of maturity from 2020 onwards; with the help of benchmark investment, the grid parity of CPV may be achieved in 2022 at the earliest and 2025 at the latest. After 2025, the photovoltaic electricity price will be generally lower than the coal electricity price under marketization. By 2030, CPV power generation costs will reach US $0.05/kWh, the accumulative installed capacity will exceed 370 GW, and the uncertainties will lead to a cumulative installed gap of nearly 100 GW.

scholarly journals A Study on the Improvement of Efficiency by Detection Solar Module Faults in Deteriorated Photovoltaic Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeong-Hwan Hwang ◽  
Young-Gon Kim ◽  
Hae-Sol Lee ◽  
Young-Dae Kim ◽  
Hyun-Rok Cha
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Thermal Images ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Pv Power Generation

In recent years, photovoltaic (PV) power generation has attracted considerable attention as a new eco-friendly and renewable energy generation technology. With the recent development of semiconductor manufacturing technologies, PV power generation is gradually increasing. In this paper, we analyze the types of defects that form in PV power generation panels and propose a method for enhancing the productivity and efficiency of PV power stations by determining the defects of aging PV modules based on their temperature, power output, and panel images. The method proposed in the paper allows the replacement of individual panels that are experiencing a malfunction, thereby reducing the output loss of solar power generation plants. The aim is to develop a method that enables users to immediately check the type of failures among the six failure types that frequently occur in aging PV panels—namely, hotspot, panel breakage, connector breakage, busbar breakage, panel cell overheating, and diode failure—based on thermal images by using the failure detection system. By comparing the data acquired in the study with the thermal images of a PV power station, efficiency is increased by detecting solar module faults in deteriorated photovoltaic power plants.

Development and present situation of hydropower in China

Water Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingsong Sun ◽  
Xiaogang Wang ◽  
Lipeng Liu ◽  
Ruizhi Fu
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Pumped Storage ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Installed Capacity

Abstract As a clean and renewable energy, hydropower holds an important place in energy development for every country. China has the richest hydropower resources with 541 GW technical exportable installed capacity, a 17% global share. Hydropower is a key point of energy conservation and comprehensive utilization of resources to ensure the sustainable development strategy of China. This paper investigates the hydropower development of China and provides a summary of the current situation of the development. Over the past 100 years, China's hydropower developed tremendously. The total installed capacity of hydropower is 341.19 GW by the end of 2017 and the installed capacity of small hydropower is 79.27 GW. By the end of June 2018, 33 pumped-storage power stations had been constructed and 32 are under construction. The total installed capacity of pumped-storage power is 72.64 GW. More development will be achieved in the next decades according to China's development strategy.

PROSPECTIVITY: IS IT THE REAL CULPRIT FOR THE DECLINE IN ONSHORE EXPLORATION?

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
G.S. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Risk Capital ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Exploration Well

In 1987 a total of 163 exploration wells were drilled in Australia's onshore basins. In 1993 the number was 47 and although the forecast for 1994 is slightly higher, activity levels over the next few years are expected to stay low. During the 1987—93 period over 60 per cent of all exploration wells were drilled in the Cooper/Eromanga and Bowen/Surat basins. Not a single exploration well was drilled in a number of basins during the period. There is a general perception amongst industry and investors that the majority of Australian's onshore basins are not prospective. A review of past exploration pro­grams in the frontier and emerging basins suggests that this perception is valid. As a result, the smaller companies, which are responsible for the majority of wells drilled in such basins, have found it diffi­cult to attract risk capital and, consequently, activ­ity levels have fallen to the current levels. Not withstanding the results of past exploration efforts, detailed financial analysis of the best oil plays in the Canning, Perth and Surat basins suggests that the potential returns from exploration and develop­ment activities are extremely attractive. Forecast internal rates of return exceed 50 per cent. Each play was subjected to sensitivity analysis to deter­mine the break-even point for exploration and de­velopment success rates, field sizes, well volumes, initial production rates, exploration and develop­ment capital costs, fixed and variable operating costs and corporate tax rates. The results suggest that the economics are considerably more robust than generally believed. The task confronting in­dustry is to convince the stock market that attrac­tive returns can be generated from at least three onshore basins so capital can be raised to exploit available opportunities.

A Thermoeconomic Comparison Between SOFC Hybrid Systems and the Most Worldwide Used Technologies Towards Competitive Innovative Plants

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Franzoni ◽  
L. Magistri ◽  
O. Tarnowsky ◽  
A. F. Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thermodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Large Size

This paper investigates options for highly efficient SOFC hybrid systems of different sizes. For this purpose different models of pressurised SOFC hybrids systems have been developed in the framework of the European Project “LARGE SOFC - Towards a Large SOFC Power Plant”. This project, coordinated by VTT Finland, counts numerous industrial partners such as Wartsila, Topsoe and Rolls-Royce FCS ltd. Starting from the RRFCS Hybrid System [1], considered as the reference case, several plant modifications have been investigated in order to improve the thermodynamic efficiency. The main options considered are (i) the integration of a recuperated micro gas turbine and (ii) the replacement of the cathodic ejector with a blower. The plant layouts are analysed in order to define the optimum solution in terms of operating parameters and thermodynamic performances. The study of a large size power plant (around 110 MWe) fed by coal and incorporated with SOFC hybrid systems is also conducted. The aim of this study is to analyse the sustainability of an Integrated Gasification Hybrid System from the thermodynamic and economic point of view in the frame of future large sized power generation. A complete thermoeconomic analysis of the most promising plants is carried out, taking into account variable and capital costs of the systems. The designed systems are compared from the thermodynamic and the thermoeconomic point of view with some of the common technologies used for distributed generation (gas turbines and reciprocating engines) and large size power generation (combined cycles and IGCC). The tool used for this analysis is WTEMP software, developed by the University of Genoa (DIMSET-TPG) [2], able to carry out a detailed thermodynamic and thermoeconomic analysis of the whole plants.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment of the Spanish Electricity: Past, Present and Future Projections

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo San Miguel ◽  
María Cerrato
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Installed Capacity

This paper provides an investigation into the sustainability of the electrical system in Spain. The analysis covers historic inventories of power generation, installed capacity and technology mix since 1990 and also contemplates four alternative projections for 2030 and 2050. The sustainability is evaluated using eight indicators that provide objective information about the environmental (climate change, fossil depletion, ozone layer depletion, terrestrial acidification, human toxicity and photochemical smog), economic (levelized cost of electricity) and socio-economic (direct employment) performance of the system. The results show an increase in the magnitude of the environmental impacts between 1990 and 2008, due to a growing power demand triggered by economic expansion. After 2008, the environmental performance improves due to the economic recession and the penetration of renewable energies. Overall, the cost of power generation remains rather stable as rising expenses generated by renewables are compensated by a progressive reduction in the cost of fossil technologies. Direct employment generation has been strongly stimulated by the upsurge in renewables that has taken place in Spain after 2008. Regarding future scenarios, the results evidence that the most ambitious projections in terms of renewable penetration perform best in terms of environmental performance, employment generation and reduced costs (€/MWh). The significance of these benefits was particularly clear in the 2050 scenario. In the long term, the scenario considering higher fossil fuel contributions (ST) performed worst in all sustainability indicators.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Sizing of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Large-Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Ma ◽  
Sen Dong ◽  
Jijian Lian ◽  
Xiulan Pang
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Hybrid Energy Storage ◽  
Power Stations

Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) are an effective way to improve the output stability for a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems. This paper presents a sizing method for HESS-equipped large-scale centralized PV power stations. The method consists of two parts: determining the power capacity by a statistical method considering the effects of multiple weather conditions and calculating the optimal energy capacity by employing a mathematical model. The method fully considers the characteristics of PV output and multiple kinds of energy storage combinations. Additionally, a pre-storage strategy that can further improve stability of output is proposed. All of the above methods were verified through a case study application to an 850 MW centralized PV power station in the upstream of the Yellow river. The optimal hybrid energy storage combination and its optimization results were obtained by this method. The results show that the optimal capacity configuration can significantly improve the stability of PV output and the pre-storage strategy can further improve the target output satisfaction rate by 8.28%.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Evaluation of the New Energy Power Generation Development at the Regional Level: An Empirical Analysis from China

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin ◽  
Meng ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
Incremental Value ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Generating Capacity ◽  
Installed Capacity ◽  
Development Gap

In order to build an environment-friendly society and realize the coordinated allocationand effective utilization of resources and finally achieve China’s energy supply security, it isimperative to vigorously develop new energy sources. This study establishes a four-level newenergy power generation (NEPG) development index system from multiple dimensions. Takingthe installed capacity and generating capacity of China’s NEPG in 2016 and 2017 as samples, weused the improved entropy method, to analyze the development of different types of NEPG among31 provinces from three aspects: absolute value, relative value, and incremental value. Finally, wecomprehensively evaluated the NEPG development in each province. The empirical analysisshows that the spatial distribution of NEPG development in China is uneven, the growth rate isdifferent, the development gap is obvious, and the development efficiency is quite different.

scholarly journals Hydropower Generation on The Nysa Klodzka River

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kasperek ◽  
Mirosław Wiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Electric Power Plants ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Total Capacity

Abstract Adopted in 2009, the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources sets out the rules for how Poland is to achieve the 15% target of total primary energy from renewables by 2020. However, there are fears that the goals set out in this Directive may not be met. The share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in national energy consumption (150 TWh) is estimated at 8.6 TWh in 2009 and 12 TWh in 2011 (5.7 and 8% respectively). The level of RES in Poland until 2005 was approx. 7.2%. The analysis of RES technologies currently in use in Poland shows that in terms of the share in the total capacity, the 750 hydro-electric power plants which are currently in operation (with the overall capacity of almost 0.95 GW) are second only to wind power stations (2 GW). The authors have studied the Nysa Klodzka River in terms of possible locations for hydro-electric facilities. Eight locations have been identified where power plants might be constructed with installed capacities ranging from 319 to 1717 kW. The expected total annual electric power generation of these locations would stand at approx. 37.5 GWh.

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