Tropical cattle methane emissions: the role of natural statins supplementation

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
C. J. O'Neill ◽  
N. López-Villalobos ◽  
J. Padmanabha ◽  
C. McSweeney
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Rhodes Grass

A natural food-based supplementation in the basal diet (BD) of cattle for lowering methane emissions was conducted over a 2.5-month period in 2013 at Lansdown Research Station, in north Queensland, Australia. Using eight rumen-cannulated Belmont Red Composite steers [436 ± 18.2 kg liveweight (LW); least squares means ± s.e.m.] fed a diet mixture of 0.85 CSIRO’s Ridley beef finisher pellets and 0.15 Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana); Experiment 1 compared for 7 weeks dose-dependent effects of the fermented-Monascus purpureus red rice powder (FRR) on dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency and tolerability. Consistent with the developed feeding methodology, the second experiment used four (461 ± 18.2 kg LW) fistulated Belmont Red Composite steers to assess rumen fermentation parameters and methane emissions measured in an open-circuit respiratory chamber system over ~4 weeks. Overall, LW increased throughout the study. In Experiment 1, the supplementation of FRR containing a natural lovastatin (monakolin K) reached 120 g/day (i.e. 2.88 ± 0.057 mg monakolin K/kg LW) fed in two approximately equal portions at 0900 hours and 1600 hours. However, once the diet was equal to or higher than 110 g/day of FRR, adverse effects were evident in terms of DMI (P < 0.05) and animal physiology. Compared with the BD, dietary intake of 40 g of FRR/day (i.e. 0.92 ± 0.034 mg monakolin K/kg LW) was associated (P < 0.05) with increased DMI and reduced methane yield (g/kg DMI) emissions. However, the effect was transient and not observed as FRR increased to 100 g/day. It was concluded that the adverse effects of FRR on animal health precludes further investigation with high doses of supplementation, and the transient reduction in methane yield was probably due to rumen adaptation.

scholarly journals Supplementing Northern Australian Beef Cattle with Desmanthus Tropical Legume Reduces In-Vivo Methane Emissions

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2097
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Suybeng ◽  
Edward Charmley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
Bunmi S. Malau-Aduli ◽  
Aduli E.O. Malau-Aduli
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing beef cattle with incremental levels of Desmanthus leptophyllus cv. JCU1 and Desmanthus bicornutus cv. JCU4 on in vivo methane (CH4) emissions and the role of tannins in rumen fermentation. Fourteen yearling Droughtmaster steers were allocated to each of the two Desmanthus species and offered a basal diet of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay plus fresh Desmanthus at 0%, 15%, 22%, and 31% of dry matter intake (DMI). The 15% and 31% Desmanthus periods lasted 21 days and the 22 and 0% Desmanthus periods, 14 days. Methane production was measured by open-circuit gas exchange in the last two days of each period. The results showed a linear increase in DMI and reduction in CH4 yield with the increasing level of Desmanthus and subsequently condensed tannins in the diet. The added tannin binder polyethylene glycol-4000 did not affect CH4 yield but increased rumen NH3-N and iso-acid concentrations. Therefore, on a low-quality diet, Desmanthus has the potential to increase intake and reduce CH4 emissions. Even though its tannins can bind rumen proteins, the beef cattle anti-methanogenic response to supplementation with Desmanthus may be a combination of rumen fermentation and tannin effects.

Nitrate is safe to feed ad libitum in molasses roller drums as a source of non-protein nitrogen

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Goopy ◽  
R. S. Hegarty
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Methane Production Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake

We investigated voluntary intake, growth and safety of cattle offered low-quality forage diets plus isonitrogenous molasses-based liquid supplements containing either urea (U) or a calcium nitrate-containing compound (NO3). We hypothesised that changing the nitrogen source from U to calcium nitrate would not jeopardise animal health or affect intake. Angus cattle (n = 24) were allocated to six pens, with three pens each receiving a molasses supplement containing U or a molasses supplement containing NO3 for 31 days. There was a trend (P = 0.06) for the NO3 treatment group to consume more of the (oaten chaff) basal diet than the U treatment group. The U group consumed more supplement than did the NO3 group (1.31 vs 0.40 kg DM/head.day s.e.m. = 0.094, P &lt; 0.0001), but total DM intake was not different (6.45 vs 6.10 kg/head.day, P = 0.15). Mean final animal liveweight was not different between treatments. Methaemoglobin levels were higher in the NO3 group (2.1 vs 1.3%, P &lt; 0.001). Low consumption of nitrate was also reflected in there being no effect of nitrate on the methane production rate when assessed in open-circuit calorimetry chambers (7.1 vs 7.0 g/head.2 h, P = 0.898). It is confirmed that nitrate may be safely provided to cattle when dissolved at 154 g/kg in a molasses-based liquid supplement available ad libitum, but may not be an effective methane mitigant due to low NO3 intake. It is speculated that nitrate may be a useful tool to limit voluntary intake of non-protein nitrogen supplements.

scholarly journals Response to Climate Change: Evaluation of Methane Emissions in Northern Australian Beef Cattle on a High Quality Diet Supplemented with Desmanthus Using Open-Circuit Respiration Chambers and GreenFeed Emission Monitoring Systems

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Suybeng ◽  
Felista W. Mwangi ◽  
Christopher S. McSweeney ◽  
Edward Charmley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Emission Monitoring ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Chloris Gayana

The main objective of this study was to compare the effect of supplementing beef cattle with Desmanthus virgatus cv. JCU2, D. bicornutus cv. JCU4, D. leptophyllus cv. JCU7 and lucerne on in vivo methane (CH4) emissions measured by open-circuit respiration chambers (OC) or the GreenFeed emission monitoring (GEM) system. Experiment 1 employed OC and utilized sixteen yearling Brangus steers fed a basal diet of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay in four treatments—the three Desmanthus cultivars and lucerne (Medicago sativa) at 30% dry matter intake (DMI). Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was added to the diets to neutralize tannin binding and explore the effect on CH4 emissions. Experiment 2 employed GEM and utilized forty-eight animals allocated to four treatments including a basal diet of Rhodes grass hay plus the three Desmanthus cultivars in equal proportions at 0, 15, 30 and 45% DMI. Lucerne was added to equilibrate crude protein content in all treatments. Experiment 1 showed no difference in CH4 emissions between the Desmanthus cultivars, between Desmanthus and lucerne or between Desmanthus and the basal diet. Experiment 2 showed an increase in CH4 emissions in the three levels containing Desmanthus. It is concluded that on high-quality diets, Desmanthus does not reduce CH4 emissions.

Forage brassica: a feed to mitigate enteric methane emissions?

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuezhao Sun ◽  
David Pacheco ◽  
Dongwen Luo
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Forage Rape ◽  
Pastoral Farming ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

A series of experiments was conducted in New Zealand to evaluate the potential of forage brassicas for mitigation of enteric methane emissions. Experiments involved sheep and cattle fed winter and summer varieties of brassica forage crops. In the sheep-feeding trials, it was demonstrated that several species of forage brassicas can result, to a varying degree, in a lower methane yield (g methane per kg of DM intake) than does ryegrass pasture. Pure forage rape fed as a winter crop resulted in 37% lower methane yields than did pasture. Increasing the proportion of forage rape in the diet of sheep fed pasture linearly decreased methane yield. Feeding forage rape to cattle also resulted in 44% lower methane yield than did feeding pasture. In conclusion, reductions in methane emission are achievable by feeding forage brassicas, especially winter forage rape, to sheep and cattle. Investigating other aspects of these crops is warranted to establish their value as a viable mitigation tool in pastoral farming.

scholarly journals 29 Demonstrating the Effects of Deworming and Implanting Weaned Calves for Retained Ownership on Pasture in Eastern Oklahoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Paul A Beck ◽  
Earl Ward ◽  
Scott Clawson ◽  
Brian Pugh ◽  
Rodney Farris
Keyword(s):  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Retained Ownership ◽  
Implant Treatment

Abstract The majority of cow-calf producers in Oklahoma sell their calves at weaning. Preconditioning and retained ownership through the stocker phase provides economic benefits to these operations. The objectives of this demonstration were to illustrate the benefits of growth promoting technologies for calves post-weaning. Calves (n = 39 heifers and 24 steers; BW = 229 ± 23.9 kg) from the OSU Eastern Research Station cowherd were weaned on day – 20 (April 15) and preconditioned. On day 0 (May 6), calves (n = 20 heifers and 12 steers) were treated for internal parasites (Dectomax, Zoetis Animal Health) and evenly allocated to 2 Bermudagrass/tall fescue pastures (9.5 ± 1.42 ha) for 143 days. The remaining calves (n = 19 heifers and 12 steers) were not treated for parasites and allocated to 2 pastures (9.1 ± 1.42 ha). In each pasture, ½ of the calves of each sex were implanted (Synovex-S or Synovex-H, Zoetis). Calves dewormed on day 0 and were dewormed again on day 70 (July 16). Data were analyzed as a split plot experimental design with dewormer treatment as the main plot and calf sex and implant treatment were the split plots. There were no interactions among calf sex, deworming, and implants (P ≥ 0.42). Steers were heavier (P &lt; 0.01) than heifers throughout the summer, but did not have an advantage in gain performance (P ≥ 0.22). Deworming did not impact (P = 0.44) overall growth performance of calves, but did numerically (P = 0.18) increase ADG from day 71 to 143 by 0.15 kg/d. Growth promoting implants increased (P = 0.03) daily gains by 0.09 kg/day in the early summer and over the entire summer by 0.07 kg/day (P &lt; 0.01). The combination of deworming and implants increased (P = 0.01) season long ADG by 0.11 kg/day over unimplanted controls. This demonstration was used to illustrate the potential that growth promoting implants and deworming provides for economically beneficial performance enhancement for retained stocker calves on mixed grass pasture.

PSVII-3 Evaluation of dietary OmniGen AF supplementation and PG600 injection on reproductive characteristics of gilts

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 411-411
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Jung Wook Lee ◽  
Jim J Monegue ◽  
Richard Niblett ◽  
Kim Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Diet Control ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A cooperative study evaluated effects of supplemental dietary OmniGen AF (OG; Phibro Animal Health Corporation) on reproductive characteristics of gilts. Crossbred gilts (n = 56; initial body weight = 152.3 ± 9.7 kg) were assigned to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial design [diet (OG or control) and PG600 (Merck Animal Health, El Dora, KS) injection (Yes or No)]. Dietary treatments were: 1) corn-SBM basal diet (control) that met NRC (2012) requirement estimates, or 2) control plus 0.75% OG and were fed 35 to 40 d prior to breeding. A common diet formulation was used by both stations. Gilts were estrous-synchronized by 14-d feeding of Matrix (Merck Animal Health). PG600 injections occurred 24 hours after Matrix withdrawal. Gilts were weighed at breeding and preslaughter (at d 39 to 48 postbreeding) and were euthanized to evaluate reproductive characteristics. There were no OG x PG600 interactions on any response measures (P &gt; 0.15). Mean responses did not differ (P &gt; 0.20) when gilts were fed control or OG diets, respectively, for total uterus weight (6,065 vs. 5,883 g), uterine horn length (129.2 vs. 123.9 cm), ovary weight (9.66 vs. 9.94 g), total corpora lutea (CL) number (25.0 vs. 25.3), individual CL weight (0.41 vs. 0.43 g), total follicular fluid weight (3.17 vs. 3.03 g), individual placenta weight (86.3 vs. 86.4 g), total fetuses (14.2 vs. 13.0), and fetus crown-rump length (7.97 vs. 7.66 cm). Supplementation with OG reduced (P = 0.04) individual placenta fluid volume of gilts (150.6 vs. 115.4 mL). PG600 injection increased (P &lt; 0.001) ovary weight (9.03 vs. 10.57 g), total CL (18.09 vs 32.27) and reduced CL weight (0.46 vs. 0.38 g). The results demonstrated classic PG600 responses on reproductive characteristics but no effects of 0.75% OG supplementation nor an interaction between the two factors.

scholarly journals Energy balances of eight volunteers fed on diets supplemented with either lac ti to1 or saccharose

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. H. Van Es ◽  
Lisette De Groot ◽  
J. E. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Energy Equilibrium ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Respiratory Gases

1. Complete 24 h energy and nitrogen balances were measured for eight subjects both while consuming a basal diet supplemented with 49 g saccharose/d (diet S) and while consuming the same basal diet but supplemented with 50 g lactitol monohydrate/d (diet L).2. The subjects ate the two diets for 8 d. Faeces and urine were collected for the final 4 d. Exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane) was measured during the final 72 h while the subjects stayed in an open-circuit respiration chamber, 11 m3, and simulated office work. Before eating diet L, subjects ate 50 g lactitol daily for 10 d.3. On diets L and S, faecal moisture content averaged 0.787 and 0.753 g/g respectively, the difference being significant (P < 0.05). On diet L, energy and nitrogen digestibilities and energy metabolizability averaged 0, 922, 0.836 and 0-881 respectively, and on diet S 0.935, 0.869 and 0.896 respectively; the differences were also significant (P < 0.05). Urinary energy losses and N balances were not significantly different for the two diets.4. In all subjects only traces of methane were produced but hydrogen production differed significantly (P < 0.05) for diets L and S, being 2.3 and 0.4 litres (normal temperature and pressure)/d respectively.5. Intakes of metabolizable energy (ME) were corrected, within subjects, to energy equilibrium and equal metabolic body-weight. The corrected ME intakes did not show differences between diets. However, when on diet L the subjects were probably less active than when on diet S because differences within subjects of ankle actometer counts between diets showed a high correlation with the corresponding differences in corrected ME intakes (r 0.92). Further correction of ME intake toward equal actometer activity showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference between diets: for maintaining energy equilibrium 5.6 (SE 0.8; P < 0.05) % more ME from diet L was needed than from diet S. The reliability of this 5.6% difference depends on whether or not one ankle actometer gives an accurate picture of the subject's physical activity.6. The energy contribution to the body is clearly smaller from lactitol than from saccharose, certainly due to the effect of lactitol on digestion, and probably also due to the effect on the utilization of ME.

Path Analysis of Red Rice (Oryza sativaL.) Competition by Cultivated Rice

Weed Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pantone ◽  
J. B. Baker ◽  
P. W. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Cultivated Rice

During 1985 to 1989, a series of field experiments were conducted at the Rice Research Station in Crowley, LA. Path analysis was employed to evaluate the competitive interaction between a weed (red rice) and cultivated rice (Mars). The path analysis quantified direct effects of red rice and Mars rice densities on the yield components (grain weight, percent filled florets, number of florets panicle−1, and panicles plant−1) of red rice and Mars rice. The model illustrated the direct and indirect effects of the yield components on fecundity and grain yield plant−1. The direct effects of Mars and red rice densities on panicles plant−1and florets panicle−1were always negative. In contrast, the effects of density on percent filled florets and grain weight varied from positive to negative and were relatively small, implying that they were determined primarily by density-independent factors. Path analysis indicated that the number of panicles plant−1and florets panicle−1were the most important yield components determining the responses of fecundity and grain yield to competition.

scholarly journals Effects of Nano-Composite Adsorbents on the Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry, and Organ Weights of Broilers Fed with Aflatoxin-Contaminated Feed

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mookiah Saminathan ◽  
Jinap Selamat ◽  
Atena Abbasi Pirouz ◽  
Norhani Abdullah ◽  
Idrus Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Nano Composite ◽  
Magnetic Graphene Oxide ◽  
Composite Adsorbents ◽  
The Impact

The exploration of feed mycotoxin adsorbents to mitigate the adverse effects of mycotoxins on animals has received increasing attention over the last decade. The present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of nano-composite magnetic graphene oxide with chitosan (MGO-CTS) adsorbents against feed contaminated with ~20 ng/g (ppb) aflatoxin (AF). A total of three hundred 1-day-old chicks were randomly distributed into six dietary treatment groups, as follows: basal diet (broilers fed a diet with neither AF nor MGO-CTS added, T1), basal diet + 0.25% MGO-CTS (T2), basal diet + 0.50% MGO-CTS (T3), AF diet + 0.25% MGO-CTS (T4), AF diet + 0.50% MGO-CTS (T5), and AF diet (T6). The two inclusion levels (0.25 and 0.50%) of MGO-CTS significantly (p < 0.05) improved the growth performances and feed conversion ratios of the AF-treated chicks at 1–35 days of age, and the impact was more pronounced for 0.5% MGO-CTS. The AF intake markedly increased the relative weights of the liver and kidney, resulting in significant alterations in the serum biochemical parameters, such as albumins, alkaline phosphatase, and SGPT/alanine (ALT), at 35 days of age. However, the chickens fed 0.5% MGO-CTS with AF diets had apparent recovery or restoration of AF-induced organ lesions and aberrant serum profiles. A significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the total AFs was observed in the gastrointestinal tracts of the chickens fed 0.25% or 0.50% adsorbent in combination with AF feed (T4 and T5), with decreases of 28.9% and 53.5%, respectively, compared with that in the chickens fed an AF-contaminated diet (T6). The results of the study indicated that a higher concentration of MGO-CTS (0.50%) was effective in improving the overall performance of broiler chickens by preventing the adverse effects associated with aflatoxicosis.

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