Stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande silage and concentrate levels in diets for beef cattle

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 539 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. da Silva ◽  
O. G. Pereira ◽  
R. M. Martins ◽  
M. C. N. Agarussi ◽  
L. D. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Potential Use

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ruminal and intestinal digestion, the ruminal fermentation and the performance of beef cattle fed diets containing Stylosanthes silage (StS) and corn silage (CS). The treatments consisted of diets containing StS with different concentrate levels, based on dry matter (DM) (g/kg): 200 (StS-200), 400 (StS-400), 60 (StS-600), and a Control treatment with 600 g/kg CS and 400 g/kg concentrate (CS-400). In Experiment 1, 32 Nellore bulls, 364.28 ± 2.82 kg bodyweight, were distributed in a complete randomised design with eight replicates. Four Holstein × Zebu bulls (average bodyweight of 429 ± 15 kg) were used in Experiment 2, distributed in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Nutrient intake was similar between StS-400 and CS-400 (P > 0.05), however, only StS-600 showed the same intake of total digestible nutrients as CS-400 (P < 0.05). Only the animals fed the StS-600 diet had similar (P > 0.05) average daily gain of carcass in comparison with those fed the Control diet. The StS-200 and StS-400 diets showed lower (P < 0.05) total tract digestibility of DM and crude protein than CS-400 (P < 0.05). Ruminal pH values of StS-200 and SE-400 were higher (P < 0.05) than in CS-400. The StS-600 diet showed a similar productive performance to CS in diets with 600 g/kg of concentrate, highlighting the potential use of this legume in diets for beef cattle in tropical conditions.

scholarly journals PSI-3 Effect of stage of maturity of forage pea cultivar (Pisium sativum L.) in hay on palatability, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility when fed to beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 290-290
Author(s):  
Alex Pursley ◽  
Bill Biligetu ◽  
Tom Warkentin ◽  
Bart Lardner
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Starch Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Late Stages

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to evaluate stage of maturity at harvest for pea hay on DMI, eating behavior, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility when fed to beef heifers. Pea hay was harvested at early, mid, and late stages of maturity. Early was defined as observing flat pods at one or more nodes. Mid stage was defined as seeds filling the pods at one or more nodes and leaves beginning to turn from green to gold. Late stage was defined as yellow, dry seeds filling pods on most or all of the nodes, with a yellow color to the leaves and pods. Six ruminally-cannulated Speckle Park heifers were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 18-d periods with pea hay included at 40% of the dietary DM. Stage of maturity did not affect DMI or ruminal total SCFA concentration with averages of 3.2 kg/d and 96.55 mM, respectively. Time spent ruminating decreased with advancing maturity when reported as min/d, min/kg DMI, and min/kg NDF (P ≤ 0.01). Mean ruminal pH also decreased with advancing pea maturity (P &lt; 0.01). The ruminal DM and uNDFOM pools were not affected by stage maturity (P ≥ 0.55). While the rate of digestion for NDF was not affected, NDF passage rate decreased by 0.21 %/h with advancing maturity (P = 0.02). Apparent total tract digestibility of NDF (average = 16.30%, P = 0.41) was not affected but starch digestibility tended to decrease from 96.10 to 93.08% with advancing maturity (P = 0.07). Overall, stage of maturity at harvest for pea hay does not appear to impact DMI, fermentation, or digestibility.

scholarly journals Performance and feed efficiency of beef cattle fed high energy diet with probiotic consortium technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Miranda MOREIRA ◽  
Javier Andrés Moreno MENESES ◽  
Cintia Vanin RIBEIRO ◽  
Alyce de Melo FARIA ◽  
Helena Graciani ARANTES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Fecal Score

SUMMARY The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of probiotic consortium on feed intake, feeding behavior, feed efficiency, fecal score, weight gain and carcass traits in finishing Nellore heifers fed high energy diets in feedlot. Twenty-four Nellore heifers were distributed in 12 pens with two animals each, being six pens per treatment. In the control treatment (CON) the animals were fed exclusively with the base diet, which contained 35% corn silage and 65% concentrate. In the treatment with probiotic consortium technology (TCP), the animals received the base diet and a single dose of 75 mL/animal/day of Bio Ciclo Completo (Global Saúde Brasil) top-dressed in the morning feeding. There was no period of adaptation to the diet. The experiment lasted 93 days. The use of TCP did not affect (P = 0.980) the dry matter intake. The average daily gain was 12.5% greater (P = 0.025) in the animals treated with TCP (0.941 kg/day for TCP versus 0.834 kg/day for CON). The animals that received TCP improved (P = 0.021) the feed efficiency by 12.6%. The animals that received TCP tended to have a better (P = 0.094) fecal score within the first 27 days of feedlot. There were no significant effects of TCP on the feeding behavior and carcass traits. Based on the results, there is a great potential of using TCP to improve productivity in beef cattle.

scholarly journals Effects of essential oils of Cashew and Castor on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 2057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Marcantonio Coneglian ◽  
Roman David Castañeda Serrano ◽  
Olga Teresa Barreto Cruz ◽  
Antonio Ferriani Branco
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Ruminal Ph

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of essential oils of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) and Ricinus communis (Castor) on intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives in beef cattle fed high grain diets. Five Nellore steers fitted with ruminal cannula were used in a 5x5 Latin square design (21 days period). The treatments were control MON (0.2 g monensin animal day-1¬) and 1, 2, 4 and 8 g EO animal day-1 (Essential oils - Oligobasics®). All the animals had a basal diet, corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR) of 80:20 concentrate:forage ratio. Intake, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and excretion of purine derivatives were determined over five consecutive days in each period. Intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) were not influenced by treatments (P > 0.05). However, increasing levels of EO showed a quadratic effect (P < 0.014) above 2 g animal day-1 on the ruminal pH. The excretion of allantoin and uric acid were not influenced by the treatments (P > 0.05), but levels above 2 g day decreased the synthesis of microbial proteins (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the EO of A. occidentale and R. comunnis effectively controlled ruminal fermentation as well as sodium monensin at the studied levels. EOs have the potential to be used in place of monensin in the studied levels.

GROWTH AND METABOLIC PARAMETERS IN STEERS FED HIGH LEVELS OF SODIUM CHLORIDE AND LIMESTONE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. CROOM Jr. ◽  
R. W. HARVEY ◽  
D. M. AMARAL ◽  
J. W. SPEARS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Key Words Sodium ◽  
Total Gain

Sixty-four yearling steers were fed a fattening diet plus 0.5% NaCl (control), 2% limestone, 5% NaCl, or 5% NaCl plus 2% limestone. Feeding 5% NaCl and 5% NaCl plus 2% limestone resulted in decreased total gain (P < 0.01), average daily gain (P < 0.01) and carcass weight (P < 0.05) while 5% NaCl decreased the efficiency of organic matter utilization (P < 0.05). Sodium chloride supplementation decreased ruminal pH and acetate to propionate ratio at day 62 but there was no effect of NaCl evident in samples collected on day 118. Blood glucose was decreased (P < 0.05) at days 62 and 118 in steers fed 5% NaCl and 5% NaCl plus 2% limestone. Supplementation with high levels of sodium chloride nonsignificantly increased the percentage of starch in cecal and colon digesta samples collected at slaughter. Also the NaCl treatment decreased pH (P < 0.05) in the colon and acetate to propionate ratio (P < 0.10) in the cecum. Although NaCl supplementation altered ruminal and digestive parameters, it did not result in increased performance. Key words: Sodium chloride, limestone, beef cattle, growth

Effects of feeding wheat middlings on production, digestibility, ruminal fermentation and carcass characteristics in beef cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. ZoBell ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
K. C. Olson ◽  
C. A. Stonecipher ◽  
R. D. Wiedmeier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Total Volatile ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Daily Gain

Studies were conducted to compare the feed value of wheat middlings (WM) to cereal grains in rations with varying concentrate to roughage levels. In two separate studies, weaned heifers and steers were fed corn silage/alfalf a hay-based growing diets where the concentrate source was either a control diet consisting of rolled barley (heifers) or rolled corn (steers) versus WM, over an 84-d period. In a 107-d study, finishing steers were fed treatments that consisted of rolled corn (C) plus either 35% wheat middlings (WM35) or 50% wheat middlings (WM50). A single cross-over designed digestibility study was also conducted utilizing four cannulated yearling heifers fed either a corn or WM50 diet from the finishing steer study. Results from the heifer and growing and finishing steer studies showed that average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficience (FE) were not affected (P > 0.05) by feeding treatment. Carcass characteristics, including hot carcass weight, ribeye area, backfat, yield, quality grade and cutability were also unaffected (P > 0.05) by feed treatment. Results from the digestibility studies indicated total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were increased (P = 0.023) in the WM diet, with acetate lower (P = 0.0003) than the C group, and pH levels of 5.81 and 5.55 for the C and WM treatments respectively (P = 0.011). Dry matter and ADF digestibilities were not affected (P > 0.05) by feed treatment. It is concluded from these studies that WM can be fed to growing beef heifers and steers as an alternative to more traditional concentrate sources such as corn or barley. Wheat middlings could replace up to 50% of the concentrate in a finishing ration. However, certain ruminal fermentation characteristics such as pH, acetate: propionate ratio and total volatile fatty acids may be altered, which could affect performance over an extended feeding period. Key words: Wheat middlings, average daily gain, feed efficiency, digestibility, ruminal degradation, beef cattle

172 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine from Corn Protein on Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-62
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Corn Protein ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that addition of Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will reduce the negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs. A total of 288 growing pigs (28.6 ± 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. There were 2 barrows and 2 gilts in each pen and 8 replicate pens per treatment. A control diet based on corn and soybean meal and 8 diets based on corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein) with 2 levels of crystalline L-Val (0 or 0.10%), L-Ile (0 or 0.10%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) were formulated. The crystalline L-Val, L-Ile, and L-Trp increased standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val:Lys from 70 to 80%, SID Ile:Lys from 53 to 63%, and SID Trp:Lys from 18 to 23%, respectively. All diets were formulated to contain 1.00% SID Lys and the 8 diets containing corn protein contained 171% SID Leu:Lys. Individual pig weights were recorded at the beginning and at the conclusion of the 28-d experiment. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with a pen as the experimental unit. Diet was the fixed effect and block and replicate within block were random effects. Results indicated that final body weight and average daily gain were not different between pigs fed the control diet and pigs fed the diet with Val and Trp addition, but greater (P &lt; 0.001) than for pigs fed the diet with Val addition, Ile addition, Trp addition, Val and Ile addition, Ile and Trp addition, or Val, Ile, and Trp addition (Table 1). In conclusion, addition of Val and Trp to diets with excess Leu may prevent negative effects of excess Leu in diets for growing pigs.

Corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based backgrounding beef cattle diets: Effect on growth and efficiency during the backgrounding and finishing periods

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Swanson ◽  
M. Ko ◽  
C. J. Mader
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Soybean Hulls ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Soybean Hull ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of corn or soybean hull incorporation into haylage-based diets on backgrounding calf performance and subsequent feedlot performance. Crossbred steers [n = 48, initial body weight (BW) = 303 ± 3.4 kg] were individually fed dietary treatments consisting of: (1) haylage [17.5% crude protein, dry matter (DM) basis; control], (2) haylage + 20% (DM basis) cracked corn, and (3) haylage + 20% (DM basis) soybean hulls during a 112-d backgrounding period. After the backgrounding period, all steers were adapted to a common high moisture corn-based finishing diet and fed until an ultrasound estimated backfat thickness of 7 mm was obtained. During the backgrounding period, steers fed cracked corn or soybean hulls had greater (P < 0.01) average daily gain, dry matter intake and gain:feed and lower (P = 0.05) plasma urea N as compared with controls. However, when finished on a common high-concentrate diet, steers previously fed cracked corn had greater (P < 0.08) average daily gain, final body weight, and longissimus muscle area than those fed soybean hulls, suggesting that source of supplemental energy during the backgrounding period may influence subsequent feedlot performance. Key words: Beef cattle, backgrounding, energy supplementation

scholarly journals Nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of carcass of finishing sheep fed with diets containing cashew nut meal

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Nunes do Nascimento ◽  
Marcos Cláudio Pinheiro Rogério ◽  
Ana Sancha Malveira Batista ◽  
Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

This work aimed to determine the nutrient intake and quantitative aspects of sheep carcass from three different genetic groups. Eighteen animals with initial average body weight of 20.1kg were used in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 3x2 scheme (three different crossbreeds - 6 F1Dorper x non defined breed, 6 F1Somalis x non defined breed and 6 F1Santa Inês x non defined breed versus two diets). The diets fed to the animals were formulated with or without cashew nuts. The inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diet influenced nutrient intake. Differences of intake among the animal groups were observed as higher intake for F1Dorper x non defined breed (NDB), followed by F1Somalis x NDB and for F1Santa Inês x NDB. However, the control diet produced no difference among these genotypes. The average daily gain was lower for both crossbreeds when cashew nut meal was added in the diets. The evaluated crossbreeds and diets did not affect the feed:gain ratio. The carcasses analyses showed that the inclusion of cashew nut meal in the diets reduced the cold carcass weight and the rib weight. The addition of cashew nut meal in the diets for lambs reduces food intake and carcass yield. The crossbreed F1Dorper x NDB presented the higher rate of average daily gain.

scholarly journals Concentrate containing calcium salts of fatty acids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids can change rumen fermentation in grazing goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Ludmila Couto Gomes ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Luiz Paulo Rigolon ◽  
Ana Paula Silva Possamai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Ruminal Ph

Feeding goats with calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) can supply ruminants with lipids, with minimal effects on ruminal fermentation and fiber digestibility. However, there is a shortage of information on the effect of CSFA on characteristics of rumen fermentation in grassland goats. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the addition of CSFA to concentrate on the parameters of rumen fermentation of grazing goats. Five rumen cannulated goats were distributed in a Latin square 5x5 design (treatments: 0%, 1.5%, 3.0%, 4.5% and 6.0% CSFA. The pH, ammonia N and volatile fatty acids (VFA) content were analyzed in the ruminal fluid at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after concentrate supplementation. The pH and ammonia N concentration showed a linear effect with the addition of CSFA. There was no effect observed for the VFA molar concentration after grazing goats were fed with the experimental diet. In conclusion, further research is needed to investigate the addition of CSFA to goat diets because there is evidence that CSFA increases ruminal pH and decreases excess ruminal ammonia without changing the VFA concentration in the rumen fluid.

scholarly journals Dietary rambutan peel powder as a rumen modifier in beef cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-769
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Negative Effect

Objective: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) fruit peel powder (RP) on feed consumption, digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation dynamics and microbial population in Thai breed cattle.Methods: Four, 2-year old (250±15 kg) beef bull crossbreds (75% Brahman×25% local breed) were allotted to experimental treatments using a 4×4 Latin square design. Four dietary supplementation treatments were imposed; non-supplementation (control, T1); supplementation of RP fed at 2% of dry matter intake (DMI) (low, T2); supplementation of RP fed at 4% of DMI (medium, T3) and supplementation of RP fed at 6% of DMI (high, T4). All cattle were given a concentrate supplement at 1% of body weight while Napier grass was provided as a free choice.Results: The findings revealed that RP supplementation did not negatively affect (p>0.05) DMI of Napier grass, while RP intake and total DMI were the greatest in the RP supplementation at 4% and 6% DMI. Nevertheless, the nutrients (dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber) digestibilities were not changed in the RP supplementation groups. Rumen fermentation parameters especially those of total volatile fatty acids, acetate and butyrate were not significantly changed. However, the propionate concentration was remarkably increased (p<0.05) in the RP supplementation. Notably, the ratio of acetate to propionate, the number of protozoa, as well as the methane estimation were significantly reduced in the RP supplemented groups (4% and 6% of DMI), while the counts of bacteria was not altered.Conclusion: Supplementation of RP (4% of DMI) improved rumen propionate production, reduced protozoal population and methane estimation (p<0.05) without a negative effect on feed consumption and nutrients total tract digestibilities in beef cattle. Using dietary rambutan fruit peel powder has potential promise as a rumen regulator.

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