Estimation of lamb deaths within 5 days of birth associated with cold weather

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1720
Author(s):  
B. J. Horton ◽  
R. Corkrey ◽  
A. K. Doughty ◽  
G. N. Hinch
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Australian Merino

In eight Australian Merino and crossbred sheep flocks, all lamb deaths were recorded, together with the corresponding weather before and after each case. Deaths on the day of birth were not strongly associated with a high chill index, but deaths in the following 3 days were significantly increased by a high chill index in the period between birth and the relevant day. Losses were greater for multiple-born lambs than singles under all conditions, but there was not a significant interaction of chill index with multiple births. A model is given for the risk of loss of lambs after birth, on the basis of birthweight, sex of the lamb, multiple birth and chill index for the ewe before birth and the lamb after birth. However, some of this information is not available until after the lamb is born, so a model is also given using only information available shortly before birth, namely, the expected chill index and whether pregnancy scanning has identified single or multiple lambs.

scholarly journals Management of Comprehensive Care of multiple-birth infants from fetal to infancy period: challenges, training, strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Changiz ◽  
Mahboobeh Namnabati
Keyword(s):  
Care Management ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Comprehensive Care ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Discharge Process ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Challenges And Strategies

Abstract Background Prematurity escalates the crisis of the infants a susceptible group of the society. Multiple delivery further intensifies the susceptibility of both family and health system. A comprehensive care is, thus, necessary to ensure the optimal growth and development of such multiple-births. Accompanied by trainings, challenges, and strategies, the present study was conducted based on a two-year report of comprehensive care management experience on two sets of multiple infants. Methods A qualitative case study approach was used to survey these two sets of premature infants (quadruplet and quintuplet) and their families. The data were collected through medical files, interviews, questionnaire, field presence, phone call and WhatsApp application, and continued follow-ups. Content analysis was performed based on survey and interventions during a period of two years in Isfahan, Iran (2018–2020). Results Case presentation and comprehensive care management are the main areas resulted from this study. The results of the study were categorized in eight challenging areas (categories) and strategies including sterility and infertility period, transition from the intrauterine to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), discharge process, physical and developmental status, home visit and home care, development of care plan, socio-economic support, and coronavirus nightmare. Conclusion Based on challenges and strategies during these two years, the situation of the multiple-birth infants and their families’ needs should be identified as the first prerequisites in an inter-professional approach and in collaboration with the health providers. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Welfare Organization, and the charities were the parties involved with this process in our study. It was also found that developing a separate specific package of comprehensive care management plan for multiple-births is a necessity.

Counseling Families With Twins: Birth to 3 Years of Age

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Patricia Gallagher Becker
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Physician Education ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Support Person ◽  
Feeding Technique

The difficulties and demands facing parents of twins or other multiple births are significantly greater than those facing parents of children born singly. Even routinely day-to-day care is sometimes different from that of a singleton. With the added stress in the home, parents will benefit from the pediatrician's advice on caring for their twins. Physicians need to be emotionally supportive and to offer suggestions such as changing breast-feeding technique, getting the father or other support person involved, and even linking these mothers with other mothers of twins. Discussion of feelings of inadequacy should be addressed during office visits. This study suggests a need for more physician education concerning management of multiple-birth infants. Providing health care alone is not sufficient in the management of twins. Attention to and guidance in a wide variety of twin care measures is important if the pediatrician is to provide optimal care for the children and families involved in multiple births.

Effect of 6 Weeks of n-3 Fatty-Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Judo Athletes

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Filaire ◽  
Alain Massart ◽  
Hugues Portier ◽  
Matthieu Rouveix ◽  
Fatima Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of this investigation was to assess the effects of 6 wk of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) supplementation on resting and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in judoists. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a placebo or a capsule of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 600 mg EPA and 400 mg DHA). Blood samples were collected in preexercise and postexercise conditions (judo-training session), both before and after the supplementation period. The following parameters were analyzed: α-tocopherol, retinol, lag phase, maximum rate of oxidation (Rmax) during the propagating chain reaction, maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CDmax) accumulated after the propagation phase, nitric oxide (NO) and malondyaldehide (MDA) concentrations, salivary glutathione peroxidase activity, and the lipid profile. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day dietary record. A significant interaction effect between supplementation and time (p < .01) on triglycerides was noted, with values significantly lower in the n-3 long-chain-PUFA (LCPUFA) group after supplementation than in the placebo group. Significant interaction effects between supplementation and time on resting MDA concentrations and Rmax were found (p = .03 and p = .04, respectively), with elevated values in the n-3 LCPUFA group after supplementation and no change in the placebo group’s levels. The authors observed a significantly greater NO and oxidative-stress increase with exercise (MDA, Rmax, CDmax, and NO) in the n-3 LCPUFA group than with placebo. No main or interaction effects were found for retinol and α-tocopherol. These results indicate that supplementation with n-3 LCPUFAs significantly increased oxidative stress at rest and after a judo-training session.

Genetic studies of South Australian Merino sheep. 2. Environmental effects on wool and body traits at 15-16 months of age

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
IP Gregory ◽  
RW Ponzoni
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Main Production ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Australian Merino

The effects of years, sex, type of birth (i.e. whether or not multiple birth) and age of dam on 26 wool and body traits of South Australian Merino sheep were estimated by least-squares analysis. Years and sex had highly significant effects on all traits. Of the main production traits, type of birth had a significant effect on body weight, greasy and clean fleece weight and total wool follicle number, while age of dam only had a significant effect on body weight and greasy fleece weight. The possible consequences of failing to correct body weight and greasy and clean fleece weights for type of birth and age of dam were considered and it was concluded that, although in some years correction of these traits may not be warranted, in other years correction may be necessary to prevent selection against fecundity and an increase in the generation interval. The main components contributing to the 6.0 % difference between fleece weights of singles and twins were surface area, total follicle number and wrinkle score. The difference between fleece weights of animals from older ewes and animals from maidens was only 1.5 %; surface area was the main contributor to this deviation.

scholarly journals On the Linkage among Strong Stratospheric Mass Circulation, Stratospheric Sudden Warming, and Cold Weather Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 2717-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyue Yu ◽  
Ming Cai ◽  
Chunhua Shi ◽  
Rongcai Ren
Keyword(s):  
False Alarm ◽  
False Alarm Rate ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Boreal Winter ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
The North ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mass Circulation

Abstract It is well established that sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events tend to be accompanied by continental-scale, surface cold-air outbreaks (CAOs) in midlatitudes in boreal winter. However, SSW events occur at most one to two times per winter, whereas CAOs occur three to seven times over each of the North American and Eurasian continents. Using the ERA-Interim dataset for 37 winters (November–March) from 1979 to 2016, we reveal that SSW events correspond to a large-amplitude or long-lasting subset of pulse-like, anomalously strong, stratospheric mass circulation events. The anomalously strong, stratospheric mass circulation events (referred to as PULSE events) occur more than nine times in an average winter. The “displacement” versus “split” types of SSWs tend to correspond to the “wavenumber 1” versus “wavenumber 2” types of PULSEs, though the relationship between split-type SSWs and wavenumber-2-type PULSEs is weaker. Like SSW events, PULSEs also have a close relationship with CAOs. The robust relationship with CAOs still holds for the PULSE events not accompanied by SSW events. Using PULSE events, we determine that more than 70% of CAOs in the 37 winters occur in the week before and after a PULSE event, with a false alarm rate of CAO occurrence of about 25.7%. SSW events, however, are associated with only about 5.7% of CAOs, with a false alarm rate of 21.7%. Therefore, the linkage between individual continental-scale CAOs and PULSE events represents a more generalized relationship between the stratospheric circulation anomalies and surface weather. PULSE signals should also be considered as a potentially useful stratospheric indicator of the occurrence of individual CAO events.

scholarly journals Sickness absence and disability pension in relation to first childbirth: three cohorts in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Bjorkenstam ◽  
C Orellana ◽  
K Laszlo ◽  
P Svedberg ◽  
M Voss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sickness Absence ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Period Effects ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Childbirth is suggested to be associated with elevated levels of sickness absence (SA) and disability pension (DP). However, knowledge about patterns of SA/DP before and after childbirth as compared to patterns among women who remain nulliparous is limited. We aimed to compare SA/DP across several periods among women with different childbirth status. Methods We analysed three population-based cohorts of all women aged 18-39 years who had not previously given birth and who lived in Sweden on 31 December 1994, 1999, or 2004, respectively. We compared crude and standardized annual mean SA and DP net days during three years preceding to three years after the date of first childbirth, among women having (1) their first and only birth during the subsequent three years, (2) their first birth and at least another delivery, and (3) no childbirths before, nor during the study period. Results Despite an increase in SA in the year preceding the first childbirth, women who gave birth, and especially women with multiple births, tended to have lower levels of SA/DP days throughout the years than women without childbirths. SA/DP days varied across age groups; young women (aged 18-24 years) without childbirths had fewer SA days, but more DP days than their same-aged counterparts who gave birth, regardless of year. These results did not differ across the three cohorts, suggesting that the results were not affected by period effects. Conclusions Women with more than one childbirth had fewer days of SA and DP, as compared to women with one childbirth and to women having no births. Thus, childbirth does not seem to be associated with higher levels of SA and DP. Some of these results can be due to a health selection into giving birth, especially having more births. Key messages Except for the year before delivery, i.e., when pregnant, women giving birth had fewer SA and DP days than women with no births. Thus, childbirth does not seem to be associated with higher SA and DP. Women who had more than one childbirth had less SA/DP days than those with one childbirth.

An experimental test of the effect of acute anxious arousal and anxiety sensitivity on negative reinforcement smoking

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 641-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha G Farris ◽  
Michael J Zvolensky
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anxious Arousal ◽  
Smoking Topography ◽  
Biological Challenge ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Although anxiety sensitivity has been reliably associated with smoking-anxiety comorbidity, there has not been a test of whether this construct moderates the effect of acute anxious arousal on actual smoking behavior. The present study utilized an experimental design to test the moderating role of anxiety sensitivity on laboratory-induced anxious arousal in terms of smoking urges and topography (puff style). Method: Participants were adult daily smokers ( n=90; Mage=43.6 SD =9.7); average 15.8 cigarettes per day). A between-subjects design was used; participants were randomly assigned to complete a biological challenge procedure consisting of either a single vital capacity inhalation of 35% carbon dioxide (CO2)-enriched air mixture or compressed room air. Smoking urges and smoking topography (puff behavior) were assessed before and after the challenge. Results: Results revealed a significant interaction between anxiety sensitivity and experimental condition ( b=−9.96, p=0.014), such that high anxiety sensitive smokers exposed to 35% CO2-enriched air reported significantly lower levels of smoking urges, relative to low anxiety sensitive smokers; the conditional effect of anxiety sensitivity was not observed for the room air condition. There were no significant interaction effects of experimental manipulation by anxiety sensitivity for any of the smoking topography outcomes. Discussion: The present results suggest for smokers with higher levels of anxiety sensitivity, the acute experience of anxious arousal is related to decreased subjective smoking urges. These data invite future research to explore the reasons for dampened smoking urges, including cardiorespiratory symptom severity.

ASSESSMENT OF THREE SURFACE COLLECTING AGENTS DURING TEMPERATE AND ARCTIC CONDITIONS

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Pope ◽  
Al Allen ◽  
William G. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Test Tank ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Collecting Agents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Prudhoe Bay

ABSTRACT Laboratory and field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of using surface collecting agents in cold weather oil recovery and in situ burning operations. In a small laboratory test tank, the surface areas and equilibrium thicknesses of three Alaskan North Slope crude oils were observed before and after the application of three different surface collecting agents to each oil. Numerous small bench-top tests also were conducted to further support the observations made in the test tank. Ambient air temperatures were varied from 23° C to −17° C, while the temperatures of fresh water and laboratory-prepared sea water were varied from 15° C to 0° C. The three surface collecting agents used (Corexit OC-5, Nalco 3WP-086, Shell Oil Herder) were equally effective in concentrating the areas of thin films by as much as 95 percent within a minute or less. The efficiencies of the surface collecting agents were observed to decrease only slightly with air temperatures below 0° C. Equilibrium thicknesses and areas before and after collectant application were determined using standard photometric techniques. In addition, two field tests were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of collecting agents on large experimental oil slicks in an onshore pit at Prudhoe Bay. In each test, approximately 1 m3 of fresh Prudhoe Bay crude oil was released and allowed to come to an equilibrium thickness. In each test, the oil was concentrated with Corexit OC-5 and Shell Oil Herder and then ignited. Winds of 4-to-6 knots (2-to-3 m/s) herded the slicks into one corner of the pit and produced an average slick thickness of 9.5 mm. The use of collectants resulted in a 5 percent reduction of the wind-herded slick areas, thus increasing the thicknesses to approximately 10 mm.

Incidence of Handicaps in Multiple Births and Associated Factors

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yokoyama ◽  
T. Shimizu ◽  
K. Hayakawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infant Death ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Expected Frequency

AbstractThis study investigated the degree of risk of handicap in twins, triplets, quadruplets and quintuplets and associated factors, and examined the clustering tendency of handicaps. The sample was recruited from the Kinki University Twin and Higher Order Multiple Birth Registry. This panel consisted of 705 pairs of twins (1410 twins), 96 sets of triplets (287 triplets excluding 1 infant death), 7 sets of quadruplets (27 quadruplets excluding 1 infant death), and 2 sets of quintuplets (10 quintuplets), all of whom were born after 1977. The incidence of handicap was 3.7% in twins, 8.7% in triplets, 11.1% in quadruplets, and 10.0% in quintuplets. The risk of prodicing at least 1 handicapped child was approximately 1 in 13 pairs of twins (7.4%), 1 in 4 or 5 sets of triplets (21.6%), and 1 in 2 sets of quadruplet and quintuplets (50%). There was a significantly higher clustering tendency of handicaps in twins and triplets compared with the expected frequency calculated from the incidence rate of handicap. Four significant risk factors for subsequent handicap were found by logistic regression: gestation number, shortening of gestational age, premature rupture of the membrane, and toxemia during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Twinning and Multiple Birth Rates According to Maternal Age in the City of São Paulo, Brazil: 2003–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Otta ◽  
Eloisa de S. Fernandes ◽  
Tiziana G. Acquaviva ◽  
Tania K. Lucci ◽  
Leda C. Kiehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Multiple Births ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The City

The present study investigates the twinning rates in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, during the years 2003–2014. The data were drawn from the Brazilian Health Department database of Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos de São Paulo—SINASC (Live Births Information System of São Paulo). In general, more information is available on the incidence of twinning in developed countries than in developing ones. A total of 24,589 twin deliveries and 736 multiple deliveries were registered in 140 hospitals of São Paulo out of a total of 2,056,016 deliveries during the studied time period. The overall average rates of singleton, twin, and multiple births per 1,000 maternities (‰) were 987.43, 11.96 (dizygotic (DZ) rate was 7.15 and monozygotic (MZ) 4.42), and 0.36, respectively. We further regressed maternal age and historical time period on percentage of singleton, twin, and multiple birth rates. Our results indicated that maternal age strongly positively predicted twin and multiple birth rates, and negatively predicted singleton birth rates. The historical time period also positively, although weakly, predicted twin birth rates, and had no effect on singleton or multiple birth rates. Further, after applying Weinberg's differential method, we computed regressions separately for the estimated frequencies of DZ and MZ twin rates. DZ twinning was strongly positively predicted by maternal age and, to a smaller degree, by time period, while MZ twinning increased marginally only with higher maternal age. Factors such as increasing body mass index or air pollution can lead to the slight historical increase in DZ twinning rates. Importantly, consistent with previous cross-cultural and historical research, our results support the existence of an age-dependent physiological mechanism that leads to a strong increase in twinning and multiple births, but not singleton births, among mothers of higher age categories. From the ultimate perspective, twinning and multiple births in later age can lead to higher individual reproductive success near the end of the reproductive career of the mother.

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