Association between canopy reflectance indices and yield and physiological traits in bread wheat under drought and well-irrigated conditions

Spectral reflectance (SR) indices [NDVI (R900 – R680/R900 + R680); GNDVI (R780 – R550/R780 + R550); and water index, WI (R900/R970)]; and 6 chlorophyll indices (R740/R720, NDI = R750 – R705/R750 + R705, R780 – R710/R780 – R680, R850 – R710/R850 – R680, mND = R750 – R705/R750 + R705 – 2R445, and mSR = R750 – R445/R705 – R445) were measured with a FieldSpec spectroradiometer (Analytical Spectral Devices, Boulder, CO) on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes adapted to irrigated and drought conditions to establish their relationship with yield in field-grown plots. Bread wheat genotypes from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were used for this study in 3 experiments: 8 genotypes in a trial representing historical progress in yield potential, and 3 pairs of near-isolines for Lr19, both of which were grown under well-watered conditions; and the third experiment included 20 drought tolerant advanced genotypes grown under moisture stress. These were grown during the 2000 and 2001 spring cycles in a temperate, high radiation environment in Obregón, NW México. The 9 SR indices were determined during grain filling along with canopy temperature depression (CTD), flag leaf photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll estimates using a SPAD meter. The relationship of SR indices with grain yield and biomass fitted best with a linear model. NDVI and GNDVI showed positive relationships with grain yield and biomass under well-irrigated conditions (r = 0.35–0.92), whereas NDVI showed a stronger association with yield under drought conditions (r = 0.54). The 6 chlorophyll indices showed significant association with yield and biomass of wheat genotypes grown under well-irrigated conditions (r = 0.39–0.90). The association between chlorophyll indices and chlorophyll estimates was correlated (r = 0.38–0.92), as was the case for photosynthetic rate (r = 0.36–0.75). WI showed a significant relationship with grain yield in wheat genotypes grown under drought stress conditions (r = 0.60) as well as with grain yield and biomass under well-irrigated conditions (r = 0.52–0.91). The relationship between WI and CTD was significant (P ≤ 0.05) in both environments (r = 0.44–0.84). In conclusion, the SR showed potential for identifying higher-yielding genotypes in a breeding program under dry or irrigated conditions, as well as for estimating some physiological parameters.

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Evaluation of some bread wheat genotypes popular in Saudi Arabia under drought stress

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.11.p1330 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1892-1900

Author(s):

Soleman M. Al Otayk ◽

Abdulrahman A. AL Soqeer ◽

Abd Elsalam M. Menshawy ◽

Mohamed I. Motawei

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Utilization Efficiency ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Irrigation Regime ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Days To Heading

Six bread wheat genotypes were evaluated in three separate irrigation regime experiments to compare the response of agronomic performance and to identify genotypes with high yield potential under drought stress. The first irrigation treatment (I3) was given normal water irrigation (about 7000 m3 ha-1, according to recommendation for Qassim Region). The second (I2) and third (I1) treatments were given 2/3 and 1/3 of water amount of the first treatment, respectively. Factorial experiments in randomized complete block design with three replications were conducted during 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 seasons in the arid environment of central region of Saudi Arabia. Measurements were taken on days to heading, plant height, number of spikes m-2, number of kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight and grain yield. The drought susceptibility index (DSI) and water utilization efficiency (WUE) were calculated. The results revealed that effect of irrigation regime was highly significant for all traits, except days to heading. All studied characters were significantly decreased by reducing the amount of irrigation water. Grain yield showed maximum sensitivity as affected by moisture-stress. Means over environments indicated the existence of sufficient genetic variability among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Giza 171 recorded the highest values for most yield characters, while genotype 'Sama' was the lowest for the most yield characters. Giza 171, Sakha 93 and IC-1 recorded highest grain yield and WUE, based on average over irrigation treatments. Giza 171, Sakha 93 and IC-2 can be considered as drought stress tolerant genotypes.

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Evaluation of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance through Selection Indices

Journal of Horticulture and Plant Research ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/jhpr.7.40 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 40-52

Author(s):

Jawed Aslam Khyber ◽

Faiza Soomro ◽

Wahid Dino Sipio ◽

Abdul Wahid Baloch ◽

Jay Kumar Soothar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Drought Tolerant

The current study was planned to identify drought tolerant bread wheat genotypes based on physiological and yield traits. In this context, a set of 12 genotypes (Sarsabz, NIA-Sundar, NIA-Amber, Sassui, Khirman, Marvi-2000, NIA-Sarang, Kiran-95, NIA-Sunheri, Bhittai, Bathoor-08 and Tatara) were evaluated under normal and water stress conditions. Mean squares from analysis of variance exhibited that genotypes, treatments and genotype x treatment interaction showed significant differences (P<0.05) for majority of the studied traits, indicating that there is significant variations are existed for physio-yield traits; therefore these genotypes may be preferred for further breeding programs in respect to drought stress. Regarding reduction percentage of genotypes under drought stress against normal water conditions, the minimum reduction was observed in Bathoor-08 for spike length and flag leaf area, Kiran-95 for grain yield plant, NIA-Sundar for seed index, Marvi-2000 for relative water content, Sarsabz for grains spike, whereas maximum but desirable reduction of stomatal dimension and density was displayed by Sarsabz and Tatara under water stress conditions, respectively. On the basis of drought tolerant indices, the genotypes Kiran-95, NIA-Sundar and Sarsabz showed lower values for tolerance index (TOL), trait stability index (TSI) and stress susceptibility (SSI), nevertheless it is believed that lower values of these indices show the less reduction in yield and its related traits due to water stress conditions hence can be tagged as tolerant genotypes for drought. Correlation results revealed that MP, SSI, TOL and TSI indices were correlated with grain yield under two conditions and they can be the appropriate indices for screening wheat genotypes.

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Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Stomata and Yield Indices in Bread Wheat under Water Limited Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1646

Author(s):

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Nouman Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Arslan Iqbal ◽

Yawen Zeng ◽

Aziz Ullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Significant Snps ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Leaf Venation ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Stomata Size

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for stomata- and yield-related attributes with high-density Illumina 90 K Infinium SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array in bread wheat to determine genetic potential of germplasm for scarce water resources with sustainable yield potential. Major yield and stomata attributes were phenotyped on a panel of Pakistani and foreign accessions grown in non-stressed and water shortage environments during two seasons. Highly significant variations were shown among accessions in both conditions for examined characteristics. Water shortage conditions reduced the overall wheat yield and strong positive correlation existed among stomatal frequency, leaf venation and grain yield per plant. Population structure analyses based on 90,000 SNP data classified the accessions into four sub-populations which indicated the presence of genetic variability. Marker-trait association (MTA) analyses revealed that 422 significant SNPs at p ≤ 10−3, after crossing the false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 threshold, were linked with examined attributes. Pleiotropic loci (wsnp_Ex_c8913_14881924 and Tdurum_contig10598_304) were associated with flag leaf area (FLA), stomata size (SS), stomata frequency (SF), leaf venation (LV), number of grain per spike (NGS) and grain yield per plant (GYP), which were located on chromosome 4B and 6B at the positions 173.63cM and 229.64cM, respectively, under water shortage conditions. Pleotropic loci wsnp_Ex_c24167_33416760, wsnp_Ex_c5412_9564046 and Tdurum_contig81797_369 on chromosomes 7A, 2A and 4B at the positions 148.26cM, 261.05cM and 173.63cM, respectively, were significantly linked with stomata and yield indices such as FLA, SS, SF, LV, NGS and GYP under normal and water shortage conditions. The current experiment not only validated several MTAs for studied indices reported in other studies but also discovered novel MTAs significant under water shortage environments. Associated and significant SNPs will be useful in discovering novel genes underpinning water shortage tolerance in bread wheat for producing high-yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties to fulfill the wheat demand for growing populations.

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The population vigors of diallel F4 offsprings of six bread wheat genotypes for grain yield under irrigated and rain-fed conditions

Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi ◽

10.1501/tarimbil_0000001303 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 446-453

Author(s):

YILDIRIM Mustafa; ÇAKMAK

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Genotypes

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Thermal Imaging Reliability for Estimating Grain Yield and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Wheat Genotypes: Importance of the Environmental Conditions

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19122676 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 2676 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sebastián Romero-Bravo ◽

Ana María Méndez-Espinoza ◽

Miguel Garriga ◽

Félix Estrada ◽

Alejandro Escobar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Thermal Imaging ◽

Mediterranean Climate ◽

Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Water Status ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

The Relationship

Canopy temperature (Tc) by thermal imaging is a useful tool to study plant water status and estimate other crop traits. This work seeks to estimate grain yield (GY) and carbon discrimination (Δ13C) from stress degree day (SDD = Tc − air temperature, Ta), considering the effect of a number of environmental variables such as the averages of the maximum vapor pressure deficit (VPDmax) and the ambient temperature (Tmax), and the soil water content (SWC). For this, a set of 384 and a subset of 16 genotypes of spring bread wheat were evaluated in two Mediterranean-climate sites under water stress (WS) and full irrigation (FI) conditions, in 2011 and 2012, and 2014 and 2015, respectively. The relationship between the GY of the 384 wheat genotypes and SDD was negative and highly significant in 2011 (r2 = 0.52 to 0.68), but not significant in 2012 (r2 = 0.03 to 0.12). Under WS, the average GY, Δ13C, and SDD of wheat genotypes growing in ten environments were more associated with changes in VPDmax and Tmax than with the SWC. Therefore, the amount of water available to the plant is not enough information to assume that a particular genotype is experiencing a stress condition.

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Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.06.p1329 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 847-856 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Soleman M. Al-Otayk

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Plant Height ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Days To Heading ◽

Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

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Expected genetic gains from mono trait and indexbased selection in advanced bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v73n2.77806 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 9131-9141

Author(s):

Zine El Abidine Fellahi ◽

Abderrahmane Hannachi ◽

Hamenna Bouzerzour

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Research Unit ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Wide Range ◽

Wheat Lines ◽

Selection Of

This study aimed at evaluating the expected gains from selection obtained based upon direct, indirect, and index-based selection in a set of 599 bread wheat lines. The experiment was carried out at the experimental field of INRAA institute, Setif research unit (Algeria), in a Federer augmented block design including three controls. A wide range of genetic variability was observed among lines for the eleven traits assessed. The results indicated that index-based selection and selection based on grain yield expressed higher expected genetic gain than direct and indirect mono-trait-based selection. The best 15 selected lines exhibited higher grain yield than the control varieties, and they were clustered in three groups that contrasted mainly for the flag-leaf area, thousand-kernel weight, biomass, and harvest index. The index-based selection appears as a useful tool for the rapid selection of early filial generations, enriching selected breeding materials with desirable alleles and reducing the number of years required to combine these traits in elite varieties.

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Genetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlations studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/ijccsm-05-2018-0048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 672-686

Author(s):

Elfadil Mohamed Elbashier ◽

Elfadil Mohammed Eltayeb Elbashier ◽

Siddig Esa Idris2 ◽

Wuletaw Tadesse ◽

Izzat S.A. Tahir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

High Temperature ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Canopy Temperature ◽

Content Type ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Tolerance Indices

PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to study the genetic variability, heritability, heat tolerance indices and phenotypic and genotypic correlation studies for traits of 250 elite International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) bread wheat genotypes under high temperature in Wad Medani, Center in Sudan.Design/methodology/approachBread wheat is an important food on a global level and is used in the form of different products. High temperature associated with climate change is considered to be a detrimental stress in the future on world wheat production. A total of 10,250 bread wheat genotypes selected from different advanced yield trials introduction from ICARDA and three checks including were grown in two sowing dates (SODs) (1st and 2nd) 1st SOD heat stress and 2nd SOD non-stress at the Gezira Research Farm, of the Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad Medani, Sudan.FindingsAn alpha lattice design with two replications was used to assess the presence of phenotypic and genotypic variations of different traits, indices for heat stress and heat tolerance for 20 top genotypes and phenotypic and genotypic correlations. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all the characters. A wide range, 944-4,016 kg/ha in the first SOD and 1,192-5,120 kg/ha in the second SOD, was found in grain yield. The average yield on the first SOD is less than that of the secondnd SOD by 717.7 kg/ha, as the maximum and minimum temperatures were reduced by 3ºC each in the second SOD when compared to the first SOD of the critical stage of crop growth shown.Research limitations/implicationsSimilar wide ranges were found in all morpho-physiological traits studied. High heritability in a broad sense was estimated for days to heading and maturity. Moderate heritability estimates found for grain yield ranged from 44 to 63.6 per cent, biomass ranged from 37.8 to 49.1 per cent and canopy temperature (CT) after heading ranged from 44.2 to 48 per cent for the first and secondnd SODs. The top 20 genotypes are better than the better check in the two sowing dates and seven genotypes (248, 139, 143, 27, 67, 192 and 152) were produced high grain yield under both 1st SOD and 2nd SOD.Practical implicationsThe same genotypes in addition to Imam (check) showed smaller tolerance (TOL) values, indicating that these genotypes had a smaller yield reduction under heat-stressed conditions and that they showed a higher heat stress susceptibility index (SSI). A smaller TOL and a higher SSI are favored. Both phenotypic and genotypic correlations of grain yield were positively and significantly correlated with biomass, harvest index, number of spikes/m2, number of seeds/spike and days to heading and maturity in both SODs and negatively and significantly correlated with canopy temperature before and after heading in both SODs.Originality/valueGenetic variations, heritability, heat tolerance indices and correlation studies for traits of bread wheat genotypes under high temperature

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