A continuous nutrient flow technique for comparative studies in plant nutrition

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Andrew ◽  
WHJ Pieters
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Flow ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Individual

A continuous nutrient flow technique for comparative studies of plant nutrient uptake is described. In this technique the nutrient solution enters a common mixing bowl before passing to the separate containers that are used for each batch or species of plants. The solution is continuously transferred through the individual containers by compressed air or pump at rates approximating 24 l./hr/container, and the nutrient concentration can be maintained within 5-10% of requirement by the introduction of fresh solution via the mixing bowl. The apparatus ensures uniformity of nutrient concentration and is equally adaptable to low and high concentrations.

scholarly journals Nutrient Uptake in Poinsettia during Different Stages of Physiological Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian E. Whipker ◽  
P. Allen Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Nutrient Content

`Supjibi' poinsettias (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) were grown hydroponically for 15 weeks in nutrient solutions with 100-15-100, 200-30-200, or 300-46-300 (in mg·L-1 of N-P-K) to determine nutrient uptake patterns and accumulation rates. Results indicate that increasing fertilization rates from 100 to 300 mg·L-1 of N and K did not significantly influence the plant dry mass or the nutrient concentration of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn in poinsettias. NH4-N concentration in the leaves, stems, and roots were lowest with the 100-mg·L-1 N fertilization rate and increased as the N application rate increased to 200 and 300 mg·L-1. Leaf P concentration levels from 1 week after potting through anthesis were above 1.3%, which exceeds the recommended level of 0.9%. When the plant tissue dry mass for each fertilizer rate was transformed by the natural log and multiplied by the mean tissue nutrient concentration of each fertilizer rate, there were no significant differences among the three fertilization rates when the total plant nutrient content was modeled for N, P, or K. Increasing the fertilizer application rate above 100 mg·L-1 N and K and 15 mg·L-1 P decreased total plant content of Ca, Mg, Mn, and Zn and increased the total plant Fe content. The results of the weekly nutrient uptake based on the total plant nutrient content in this study suggests that weekly fertilization rates should increase over time from potting until anthesis. Rates (in mg) that increase from 23 to 57 for N (with 33% of the total N supplied in the NH4-N form), 9 to 18.5 for P, 19 to 57 for K, 6 to 15 for Ca, and 3 to 8 for Mg can be applied without leaching to poinsettias and produce adequate growth in the northern United States.

scholarly journals PEG-8000 Alters Morphology and Nutrient Concentration of Hydroponic Impatiens

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1768-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Burnett ◽  
Marc van Iersel ◽  
Paul Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Tissue ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana ◽  
Peg 8000

Osmotic compounds, such as polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG-8000), reduce plant elongation by imposing controlled drought. However, the effects of PEG-8000 on nutrient uptake are unknown. Impatiens `Dazzler Pink' (Impatiens walleriana Hook. F.) were grown hydroponically in modified Hoagland solutions containing 0, 10, 17.5, 25, 32.5, 40, 47.5, 55, or 62.5 g·L–1 PEG-8000. Impatiens were up to 68% shorter than control plants when grown with PEG-8000 in the nutrient solution. Plants treated with PEG-8000 rates above 25 g·L–1 were either damaged or similar in size to seedlings treated with 25 g·L–1 of PEG-8000. Impatiens leaf water potentials (Ψw) were positively correlated with plant height. PEG-8000 reduced the electrical conductivity of Hoagland solutions as much as 40% compared to nontreated Hoagland solutions, suggesting that PEG-8000 may bind some of the nutrient ions in solution. Foliar tissue of PEG-treated impatiens contained significantly less nitrogen, calcium, zinc, and copper, but significantly more phosphorus and nickel than tissue from nontreated impatiens. However, no nutrient deficiency symptoms were induced.

scholarly journals Advances in Plant Nutrition: Re-evaluating Hoagland's Hydroponic Recipe after a Half Century

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 523B-523
Author(s):  
Bruce Bugbee
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Hydroponic Solution ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

Although the principle of mass balance is well-understood, few people understand how Hoagland and Arnon used it to develop their famous nutrient solution recipes. Here I review: 1) the application of mass balance in deriving unique hydroponic solution recipes, 2) the dangers of dumping and replacing hydroponic solutions, 3) the need to alter the silicon and chloride concentrations in Hoagland's solution based on recent advances in our understanding of plant nutrient requirements.

scholarly journals Relative Humidity and Nutrient Concentration Affect Nutrient Uptake and Growth of Begonia × hiemalis

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans R. Gislerød ◽  
Leiv M. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flower Buds

Young plants of Begonia × hiemalis Fotsch `Schwabenland Red' were grown for 10 weeks at 60% ± 5% or 90% ± 5% relative humidity (RH) in growth rooms. Plants were watered with three nutrient solution concentrations (1, 2, and 4 mS·cm-1). Transpiration of the plants was 56% lower at the high RH level, while the concentration of the nutrient solution had less effect (10% to 20%). Plant dry weight, height, width, and leaf size were significantly higher at the higher RH. Dry weight, height, width, and leaf size of the plants were higher in the 2 mS·cm-1 than in the 1 mS·cm-1 solution when grown at high RH, but not at a lower RH. A further increase of the nutrient solution concentration either had no effect or was detrimental. The higher RH decreased the concentration of N, P, and K in leaves and stems of plants, but an increase in the concentration of the nutrient solution increased the concentration of N, P, K, and Ca in both leaves and stems. At termination of the experiment, the number of flowers and flower buds and percent of flowering plants was higher at 90% RH than at 60% RH. These values also were higher at the higher nutrient solution concentrations. Time of anthesis was not affected.

scholarly journals Growth Rate and Nutrient Uptake of Basil in Small-scale Hydroponics

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-514
Author(s):  
Elisa Solis-Toapanta ◽  
Paul Fisher ◽  
Celina Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Over Time

To identify practices that may simplify the use of small-scale hydroponic systems for indoor gardening, we compared two nutrient solution management treatments for basil (Ocimum basilicum) production. Experiments were conducted for 8 weeks to evaluate the effect of biweekly replacement of the nutrient solution (W) vs. biweekly fertilizer addition without nutrient solution replacement (W/O) on growth and nutrient uptake of basil ‘Genovese Compact’ grown in either a greenhouse or an indoor environment. Greenhouse day/night temperature was 29/24 ± 4 °C, relative humidity (RH) was 65 ± 4%, and daily light integral (DLI) was 26.1 mol·m‒2·d‒1. The indoor environment had a constant ambient temperature of 21 °C, RH of 65%, and DLI of 9 mol·m‒2·d‒1 provided by broadband white lamps. Four plants were grown in 7.6-L replicate hydroponic systems, with 178 mg·L‒1 N from a complete nutrient solution in two experimental runs. Shoot fresh and dry mass, leaf number, and leaf area showed an increasing quadratic trend over time when plants were grown in the greenhouse. In contrast, growth over time was linear for plants grown indoors. Within each environment, solution management treatment did not affect growth, indicating that the simpler W/O strategy was adequate under these conditions. Plants grown in the greenhouse required more frequent refill water applications compared with indoors, which resulted in three to four times more refill water applied. Because indoor-grown plants had a decreased growth rate, nutrient uptake rate, and volume of water applied compared with plants grown in the greenhouse, electrical conductivity (EC) for the W/O treatment increased over time. Final nutrient solution concentration was highest for indoor-grown plants under the W/O treatment, and final tissue nutrient concentration was higher for plants grown indoors compared with the greenhouse. Final nutrient uptake (dry mass × nutrient concentration) was higher for plants grown in the greenhouse rather than indoors. Considering that EC increased in the solution of indoor-grown plants under W/O, an appropriate strategy using this treatment would require reducing fertilizer input indoors. To refine simple and robust fertilizer management strategies for indoor gardeners, further research is needed to test variables such as different plant species, cultivars, and water qualities.

scholarly journals Nutrient acquisition and eucalyptus growth affected by humic acid sources and concentrations

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everton Geraldo de Morais ◽  
Carlos Alberto Silva ◽  
Sara Dantas Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Cu Accumulation ◽  
High Concentrations

Humic acid (HA) can increase eucalyptus growth due to its biostimulant effect and improvement in plant nutrient uptake. Magnitude of these stimuli varies according to the source, chemical composition, presence of bioactive fragments, and concentration of HA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HA sources and concentrations on dry matter, accumulation and uptake efficiency (UpE) of nutrients for eucalyptus seedlings cultivated in nutrient solution. A randomized block experimental design was adopted, with four replications, in a 3x4+1 factorial scheme, in which three sources of HA (HA-L1 and HA-L2, derived from different commercial HA extracted from leonardite with 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH and 0.5 mol L-1 KOH, respectively, and HA-Com, which was extracted from compost with 0.5 mol L-1 KOH) were combined with four concentrations of C-HA (5, 10, 25, and 100 mg L-1) as well as a control treatment in which eucalyptus was cultivated without HA. Eucalyptus seedlings were grown for 20 days, maintaining three plants per pot. At the end of the experiment, production of shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), and total dry matter (TDM); the Root: Shoot dry matter ratio; and the accumulations of N, P, K, Ca, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn in the shoot and root were evaluated as well as the UpE of these nutrients by the seedlings. Maximum production of SDM was reached at the concentrations of 14 and 13.5 mg L-1 of C-HA, for HA-L1 and HA-Com, respectively. The RDM increased with the use of HA-Com, with optimal concentration of 55 mg L-1 of C-HA. Accumulation of Fe in the eucalyptus shoot decreased in HA-treated pots, compromising Fe translocation from the root to the shoot. Regardless of HA source used, Cu accumulation by plants diminishes as C-HA concentration increases. A greater growth of eucalyptus at concentrations lower than 15 mg L-1 of C-HA occurs more through the stimulus to shoot and root growth than due to greater acquisition and UpE of nutrients by plants. Use of high concentrations of C-HA requires greater concentration of some micronutrients in the nutrient solution tested.

scholarly journals Influence of Atomization Nozzles and Spraying Intervals on Growth, Biomass Yield, and Nutrient Uptake of Butter-Head Lettuce under Aeroponics System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Mazhar H. Tunio ◽  
Jianmin Gao ◽  
Imran A. Lakhiar ◽  
Kashif A. Solangi ◽  
Waqar A. Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Growth Ratio ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Droplet Sizes ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio

The atomized nutrient solution droplet sizes and spraying intervals can impact the chemical properties of the nutrient solution, biomass yield, root-to-shoot ratio and nutrient uptake of aeroponically cultivated plants. In this study, four different nozzles having droplet sizes N1 = 11.24, N2 = 26.35, N3 = 17.38 and N4 = 4.89 µm were selected and misted at three nutrient solution spraying intervals of 30, 45 and 60 min, with a 5 min spraying time. The measured parameters were power of hydrogen (pH) and electrical conductivity (EC) values of the nutrient solution, shoot and root growth, ratio of roots to shoots (fresh and dry), biomass yield and nutrient uptake. The results indicated that the N1 presented significantly lower changes in chemical properties than those of N2, N3 and N4, resulting in stable lateral root growth and increased biomass yield. Also, the root-to-shoot ratio significantly increased with increasing spraying interval using N1 and N4 nozzles. The N1 nozzle also revealed a significant effect on the phosphorous, potassium and magnesium uptake by the plants misted at proposed nutrient solution spraying intervals. However, the ultrasonic nozzle showed a nonsignificant effect on all measured parameters with respect to spraying intervals. In the last, this research experiment validates the applicability of air-assisted nozzle (N1) misting at a 30-min spraying interval and 5 min of spraying time for the cultivation of butter-head lettuce in aeroponic systems.

scholarly journals Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1235-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽  
Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽  
Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽  
João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Random Block Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

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