Prediction of components of steer carcasses using tritiated body water space, fat depth and fasted liveweight or carcass weight

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Water Space ◽  
Single Predictor

Chemical and dissectable components of the carcasses of 23 Hereford steers were related to whole body tritiated water space (T), fat depth at the 12/13th rib (FD), age, and 24 h fasted liveweight (LW) or cold carcass weight (CW). Fifteen steers were taken at intervals from a grazing experiment and were 15-22 months of age and 189-461 kg LW at slaughter. Six younger and two older steers were also used to expand the range to 3-33 months and 90-517 kg. All steers were taken from pasture 3 h after sunrise and deprived of feed and water thereafter. After 4 h, tritiated water was given intramuscularly and 20 h later blood was collected and the animals were weighed and slaughtered. One side of the carcass was minced and analysed for water, ash, nitrogen and fat. The other side was dissected into bone and boneless fractions. For each component the best single predictor and combinations of predictors which contributed significantly in the stepwise regression analysis (P < 0.05) are given. The use of T with LW or CW appreciably improved the precision of estimation of water, dry matter and chemical fat in the carcass. FD with LW or CW also improved the estimation of water, dry matter, fat and nitrogen. The combination of T, FD and CW best predicted water and fat. T, FD and LW best predicted fat in the carcass component of the live animal. The residual standard deviation of this regression was 3.3 kg v. 3.6 kg for LW and T, 6.1 kg for LW and FD, or 8.0 kg for LW alone.

scholarly journals 227 Evaluation of reimplant timing with Revalor-200 on steer performance and carcass characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 127-128
Author(s):  
Caitlin A Coulson ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Henry Hilscher ◽  
Brandon L Nuttelman ◽  
Grant I Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimal time to reimplant following an initial implant on performance and carcass characteristics when steers were fed for 180 d. Crossbred steers (n = 800; initial BW = 330 ± 25 kg) were utilized in a generalized randomized block design and assigned randomly to pen, and pen assigned randomly to one of five treatments. Treatments included 5 different days on terminal (DOT) implant (160, 120, 100, 80 or 40 DOT). All steers were given an initial implant (80 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) + 16 mg estradiol; Revalor-IS) on d 1. Terminal implant consisted of 200 mg TBA + 20 mg estradiol (Revalor-200). Dry matter intake was the least for 40 DOT (P ≤ 0.04), with no differences between the other treatments (P ≥ 0.11). Carcass-adjusted final BW responded quadratically (P = 0.03) with 100 DOT having the greatest final BW but was not different from 120 DOT (P = 0.82). Carcass-adjusted ADG and G:F responded quadratically (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). When solved for the first derivative, carcass-adjusted ADG and G:F were maximized at 99 and 87 DOT, respectively. However, there was less than a 2% difference in carcass-adjusted ADG and G:F between 80 and 120 DOT. Hot carcass weight responded quadratically (P = 0.03), with the greatest HCW at 100 DOT. Solving for the first derivative, HCW was optimized at 104 DOT. There were no differences in back fat, marbling, or yield grade (P ≥ 0.27). Overall, administering an initial implant followed by a terminal implant 85 to 105 d prior to harvest increased gain, efficiency, and HCW in steers when fed for 180 d. Minimal changes in performance and carcass characteristics when steers are reimplanted 80 to 120 d prior to harvest suggests flexibility in reimplanting windows.

Pattern of intake of three roughage diets by non-pregnant, non-lactating Scottish Blackface ewes over a long period and the effects of previous nutritional history on current intake

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Z. Foot ◽  
A. J. F. Russel
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Water Space

ABSTRACTThe voluntary intake of two hays and one dried grass by 48 mature non-pregnant Blackface ewes was measured for 33 weeks. The apparent dry-matter digestibility coefficients of the diets in vitro were 59, 61 and 77% respectively for the hays and the dried grass. At the end of the first phase of the experiment each group of 16 ewes was split into two subgroups of five animals, each of which was subsequently given one of the other diets, and one subgroup of six animals which remained on the same diet. Food intake was measured for a further 8 weeks. Body fat was estimated at intervals from tritiated water space.The amount of variation in voluntary food intake that could be attributed to variation in live weight and fatness of the animals and in apparent dry-matter digestibility and cell wall constituents of the diet was calculated for various periods.The range of live weight and fatness increased during the experiment. Initially, and after the change in diets, variation in apparent dry-matter digestibility had an important positive effect on intake, but at the end of the 33-week phase its influence was negligible or, when fat weight was not considered, negative. The negative effect of fat weight on intake increased during the experiment.Within individual diets during short periods of time (1 to 5 weeks) the highest proportions of the variation in intake that could be attributed to variation in live weight and fatness of the ewes were 50, 94 and 65% respectively for the hays and the dried grass. Taking all three diets together all the variables considered could explain 75% of the variation for a few weeks at a time, but for longer periods seasonal influences, and other factors not included among the independent variables, probably operated.

scholarly journals PSII-19 Effect of zinc and chromium supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics in feedlot steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
Harrison D Hallmark ◽  
Joanis T Zervoudakis ◽  
Juliana Akamine Torrecilhas ◽  
Luciana K Hatamoto-Zervoudakis ◽  
Henrique Toller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Supplemental Zinc

Abstract One hundred and sixty-five crossbred steers were used in this experiment to investigate the influence of supplemental zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers fed steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet. Steers were blocked by initial BW (518.9 ± 8.4 kg) within cattle source (2 sources) and housed in pens containing 6–7 steers per pen. Pens within blocks were randomly assigned to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, with factors being: 30 or 90 mg of Zn/kg DM and 0.0 or 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM. Treatments consisted of: 1) 30 mg Zn/kg DM; 2) 90 mg Zn/kg DM; 3) 30 mg Zn + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM; and 4) 90 mg Zn/kg + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM. Zinc was supplemented as ZnSO4 and Cr supplemented as Cr propionate. Steers were individually weighted on 2 consecutive days prior to initiating dietary treatment and on 2 consecutive days at the end of the experiment. Dietary treatment were initiated 64 days prior to slaughter (total days on feed = 240). All cattle were transported to a commercial abattoir on the same day and slaughtered. Steers receiving supplemental Cr had greater final BW (P &lt; 0.02) and ADG (P &lt; 0.03) when compared to non-Cr supplemented steers. Additionally, hot carcass weight (P &lt; 0.005) and marbling score (P &lt; 0.03) were greater (P &lt; 0.005) for steers receiving 30 mg Zn/kg DM + 0.25 mg Cr/kg DM when compared with all other treatments. Dry matter intake, morbidity and mortality, and all the other carcass measurements were similar across treatments. These data indicate that under the conditions of this experiment, Zn and Cr supplementation may influence feedlot cattle growth and carcass characteristics.

Radioimmunszintigraphie mit SPECT: Methodik, Probleme und klinische Erfahrungen

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (05) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fass ◽  
S. Truong ◽  
U. Büll ◽  
V. Schumpelick ◽  
R. Bares
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Blood Clearance ◽  
Planar Scintigraphy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Carcinomas ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Body Retention ◽  
Klinische Erfahrungen

Radioimmunoscintigraphy (RIS) with 111ln- and 131 I-labelled monoclonal anti bodies (MAbs) against CEA and/or CA 19-9 was performed in 83 patients with various gastrointestinal carcinomas. A total of 276 body regions could be examined. The results of planar scintigraphy and SPECT were compared intraindividually. Using 111 In-labelled MAbs the sensitivity of RIS was significantly improved by SPECT (88.9 vs. 52.4% with planar scintigraphy, p <0.01). For131 l-labelled MAbs the effect was smaller (83.9 vs. 65.6% with planar scintigraphy, n.s.). This finding can be explained by different kinetics and biodistribution of the used MAb preparations.111 In-labelled MAbs with long whole-body retention and rapid blood clearance reveal ideal qualities for SPECT; on the other hand, the short whole-body retention of131 l-labelled MAbs leads to small count rates and therefore long counting times that make delayed SPECT unsuitable in clinical practice

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Hazelnut Peels on the Contents of Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Tocopherols, and on the Shelf-Life of Ripened Ewe Cheese

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Vita Maria Marino ◽  
Teresa Rapisarda ◽  
Margherita Caccamo ◽  
Bernardo Valenti ◽  
Alessandro Priolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidation ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Chocolate Industry ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Hazelnut peel (HNP), a by-product from the chocolate industry, is considered to be a suitable ingredient to be included in the diet of ruminants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding dairy ewes with a diet containing HNP on ripened cheese quality, including fatty acid (FA) profile, cholesterol, and tocopherol content, as well as stability during storage under commercial conditions. In total, 10 experimental cheeses were produced with bulk milk obtained from ewes fed a commercial concentrate (C group; n = 5) or a concentrate containing 36% HNP in dry matter (HNP group; n = 5). After 40 days of aging, each cheese was sub-sampled into three slices: one was analyzed immediately (C0 and HNP0), and the other two were refrigerated and analyzed after seven days (C7 and HNP7) and 14 days (C14 and HNP14), respectively. Compared to C, HNP cheese had more than twice as many tocopherols and mono-unsaturated FA and respectively 38% and 24% less of cholesterol and saturated FA. Tocopherols and cholesterol levels remained rather stable up to 14 days of storage regardless of the experimental group, suggesting no cholesterol oxidation. Therefore, the inclusion of HNP in ewe diets could be a valid resource to produce cheese with a healthier lipid profile and higher tocopherols content.

scholarly journals Effects of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) on live performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Rincker ◽  
J B Allen ◽  
M Edmonds ◽  
M S Brown ◽  
J C Kube
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Meet Residue ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Manner

Abstract There is a lack of consistency across the globe in how countries establish tissue ractopamine residue limits and which residue limits are applied to various tissues, particularly for edible noncarcass tissues. Therefore, some US beef slaughter organizations have recommended a 48-h voluntary removal of ractopamine before slaughter in order to meet residue requirements of specific export countries and maintain international trade. Our objective was to assess the impact of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx®; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) up to 8 d before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (60 pens of 10 animals/pen) with an initial shrunk body weight (BW) of 611.8 ± 10 kg SEM were fed one of six treatments over 42 d. Treatments included a control that did not receive ractopamine, on-label use of ractopamine (0-d withdrawal), and 2, 4, 6, or 8 d of voluntary removal of ractopamine from feed before slaughter. The start of ractopamine feeding (30.1 mg/kg of diet dry matter for 32 d) was staggered so that blocks could be slaughtered on the same day. Dry matter intake was decreased by 0.5 kg/d when ractopamine was fed with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.04) compared to the control, but was not altered (P = 0.56) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Final BW, total BW gain, and average daily BW gain were increased by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.09) compared to the control, but these variables decreased in a linear manner (P = 0.10) as the duration of removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Gain efficiency was improved by 15% (P &lt; 0.01) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control, and gain efficiency decreased linearly (P = 0.06) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased. Approximately 2/3 of the increase in gain efficiency remained after 8 d of removal. Hot carcass weight was increased by 6 kg (P = 0.02) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control. Measured carcass characteristics were not altered by ractopamine feeding or by removal before slaughter (P ≥ 0.24). The consequences of voluntary removal of ractopamine up to 8 d before slaughter were a linear decrease in live BW gain (0.64 kg/d), poorer gain efficiency, and numerically lighter carcass weight.

Some Further Observations on Head-Banging and Allied Behaviour

1952 ◽  
Vol 98 (411) ◽  
pp. 330-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan FitzHerbert
Keyword(s):  
Left Breast ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Talcum Powder ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Body Odour ◽  
Apex Beat ◽  
Breast Fed

In a paper published in the Journal of Mental Science for July, 1950, I suggested that head-banging originated in the infant's desire to reproduce the thrust of the mother's apex-beat against his head while he was being nursed on her left arm, either as a means of self-comfort or in retaliation for what he had felt to be an attack or as both combined. In the present paper I propose to analyse this infantile experience further, and to trace to some of its component elements certain other peculiarities of childish behaviour.I shall begin by considering the case of a bottle-fed baby, that is to say, one who at every feed is held in his mother's left arm with his right temple against her left breast (and I shall suppose that the mother is not herself a case of dextrocardia.) In addition to the teat in his mouth and the milk being swallowed, such an infant feels the thrust of the mother's apex as a series of taps against his head which tend to impart to the latter a rolling side-to-side movement, he hears her heart-beat as a rhythmic lub-dup, he feels the rise and fall of her chest in respiration as a slower to and fro rocking of his whole body, and he hears the sighing rustle of her breathing beneath his ear. The sound and thrust of the heart-beat are of course louder and stronger at the limit of the mother's expirations, and indeed the tap of the apex may be felt only then. In other words, the suckling hears two separate series of interwoven unsynchronized rhythmic sounds continuing throughout the whole of his feeding times. In addition to all this, he feels the warmth of the maternal body, the steady clasp of the mother's arm, he smells the milk and the woman's body odour (sweaty, or scented by her soap and talcum powder), and lastly, he feels (and may smell) her breath as an intermittent warm breeze on his face and in his hair. The mother seldom speaks while she is feeding her baby, and the room is often quiet, mother and child being alone together. A breast-fed baby also feels smooth warm skin under his fingers, but he has the mother's heart against his head, during only half his feeding times.The other occasions on which a woman commonly holds a child firmly against her breast are, of course, when she is trying to comfort a crying baby, or to restrain a struggling toddler from escaping to some forbidden activity. Here the child is angry and the mother herself often either anxious or angry or both, so that her heartbeat is greatly increased in force, and the furious infant feels it as a series of aggressive blows on his head, each of which is accompanied by a bumping noise.

EFFECTS OF LYSINE INFUSION PER ABOMASUM OF STEERS FED CONTINUOUSLY

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BOILA ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Tissue ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms

Four dairy steers were allotted to four lysine infusion levels in a 4 × 4 latin square design and fed an 11.5% crude protein (90% dry matter (DM)) diet continuously (10-min intervals every 24 hr). Lysine hydrochloride equivalent to 0.0, 3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 g lysine per day was infused per abomasum. When 9 g lysine were infused per day, the percent of absorbed nitrogen (N) retained was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced; urinary N excretion as a percentage of N intake and plasma-free lysine were increased significantly compared with the other three infusion treatments. The infusion of 9 g lysine per day apparently exceeded the body tissue requirements for this amino acid and the excess N was excreted in the urine. A possibility of lysine being limiting (0.28% lysine of a 100% DM diet) was apparently offset by the synthesis of lysine by rumen microorganisms, which increased the dietary lysine two- to threefold. Increased levels of infused lysine did not result in a linear increase of lysine in the abomasum. With 3 g per day lysine infusion rumen ammonia and N retentions were high. However, a smaller amount of N reached the abomasum with steers on this treatment.

Effects of genotype and dietary forage to concentrate ratio during the finishing period on carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs from hill sheep systems

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. CARSON ◽  
B. W. MOSS ◽  
L. E. R. DAWSON ◽  
D. J. KILPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Classification Score ◽  
Forage:Concentrate Ratio ◽  
Matter Basis

The study investigated the effects of lamb genotype produced from hill flocks on feed efficiency, carcass characteristics and meat quality in animals finished on either a high forage:concentrate ratio diet (HFC) or a low forage:concentrate ratio diet (LFC). Purebred Scottish Blackface (BXB) lambs were compared with Blue-Faced Leicester×Scottish Blackface (BLXB) and Texel×Scottish Blackface (TXB) lambs. Purebred Cheviot (CXC), Suffolk×Cheviot (SXC) and Texel×Cheviot (TXC) lambs were also investigated. Lambs on the LFC diet were offered grass silage and concentrates mixed in the proportion of 0·80 silage and 0·20 concentrates on a dry matter basis. The LFC diet consisted of 0·20 grass silage and 0·80 concentrates on a dry matter basis. Representative lambs were slaughtered at the start of the experiment and on reaching 38 and 46 kg live weight. Averaged over the two slaughter weights, within the Blackface cross lambs, BXB had a lower liveweight gain (P < 0·01) than either BLXB or TXB (138, 207 and 203 (S.E. 11·1) g/day, respectively). Within the Cheviot cross lambs, CXC had a lower liveweight gain (P < 0·05) than SXC (188 v. 220 (S.E. 11·1) g/day), while SXC and TXC (204 g/day) had similar liveweight gains. Lambs on the LFC diet had a higher dressing proportion (P < 0·001) compared with lambs finished on the HFC diet (0·466 v. 0·434 (S.E. 0·0018) kg carcass per kg live weight). Averaged over the two slaughter weights BXB lambs had a lower (P < 0·05) dressing proportion than the other genotypes. Carcass conformation classification (assessed on a five-point scale) was higher (P < 0·001) in lambs finished on the LFC diet (3·0 v. 2·4 (S.E. 0·04)). Conformation classification was higher in lambs produced from Cheviot compared with Blackface ewes (P < 0·05). Within the Blackface cross lambs, BXB and BLXB lambs had a lower conformation classification (P < 0·001) than TXB lambs (2·4, 2·4 and 2·9 (S.E. 0·08) respectively). Within the Cheviot ewes, TXC lambs had a higher (P < 0·001) classification than either CXC or SXC (3·1, 2·7 and 2·7 (S.E. 0·08) respectively). Lambs finished on the LFC diet had a higher fat classification score compared with lambs on the HFC diet (P < 0·001) (3·4 v. 2·8 (S.E. 0·04)). Fat classification was similar across all genotypes. Lambs finished on the LFC diet had a lower ash content in the carcass than lambs finished on a HFC diet (P < 0·01) (44 v. 47 (S.E. 0·8) g/kg). Lamb genotype and dietary forage:concentrate ratio had no significant effect on cooking loss, sarcomere length, Warner–Bratzler shear force and L* values. Ultimate pH (pHU) was not influenced by dietary forage:concentrate ratio, but was significantly (P < 0·01) higher in BXB lambs compared with BLXB, TXB, CXC and TXC lambs. Lambs offered the LFC diet during the finishing period had significantly higher values for a* (P < 0·05), b* (P < 0·001), C* (P < 0·001) and H0 (P < 0·05) than lambs offered a HFC diet. Of these parameters only b* was significantly affected by lamb genotype, with BXB lambs having a lower value (P < 0·05) than the other genotypes.

An evaluation of the Hennessy and Chong Fat Depth Indicator, and the Ulster Probe, for use in pig carcass classification and grading

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Kempster ◽  
J. P. Chadwick ◽  
D. W. Jones ◽  
A. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Optical Probe ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Residual Standard Deviation ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Prediction Residual ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
Cut Surface

ABSTRACTThe Hennessy and Chong Fat Depth Indicator and the Ulster Probe automatic recording instruments developed for measuring fat thickness were tested against the optical probe for use in pig carcass classification and grading.Fat thickness measurements were taken using each probe 60 mm from the dorsal mid-line over the m. longissimus at the positions of the 3rd/4th lumbar vertebrae, 3rd/4th last ribs and last rib on a total of 110 hot carcasses covering the range of market weights in Great Britain. The standard deviation of carcass lean proportion at equal carcass weight was 35·4 g/kg.The instruments differed little in the precision of carcass lean proportion prediction: residual standard deviation (g/kg) for the multiple regression with carcass weight and the best individual fat measurement for each probe were: last rib optical probe, 22·1; last rib Ulster Probe, 22·7; and 3rd/4th last rib Fat Depth Indicator, 21/6. Residual standard deviation (g/kg) for carcass lean proportion prediction from carcass weight and all three fat measurements in multiple regression were 21·3 optical probe, 21·3 Ulster Probe and 201 Fat Depth Indicator.Similar mean fat measurements were obtained from the optical probe and Fat Depth Indicator, and for these instruments, but to a lesser extent for the Ulster Probe, the regression relationships with each other and with fat thickness measurements taken on the cut surface of the cold carcass were also similar.The differences recorded in precision are unlikely to be sufficiently important to influence the choice of one probe rather than another.

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