scholarly journals Stress Metabolism III. Variations in Response to Water Deficit in the Barley Plant

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Singh ◽  
IG Paleg ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Stress History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Periods Of Stress

Barley plants (cv. Prior) were grown in soil in a controlled environment and subjected to one, two, or three cycles of water stress by witholding water for short periods interspersed with periods of adequate water supply. The water potentials of the leaf tissues during and following these periods of stress were unaffected by the previous stress history of the plants.

scholarly journals Short-Time of Rehydration is not Effective to Re-Establish Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Gas Exchange in Two Cowpea Cultivars Submitted to Water Deficit

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udson de Oliveira BARROS JUNIOR ◽  
Maria Antonia Machado BARBOSA ◽  
Michael Douglas Roque LIMA ◽  
Gélia Dinah Monteiro VIANA ◽  
Allan Klynger da Silva LOBATO
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
The Third ◽  
Short Time

Low water supply frequently interferes on chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange. This study aimed to answer if a short-time of rehydration is efficient to re-establish chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in cowpea plants. The experiment used four treatments (sensitive / water deficit, sensitive / control, tolerant / water deficit and tolerant / control). The sensitive and tolerant cultivars after water restriction had significant changes in gas exchange. On the third day, the stress caused lower for PN and gs in sensitive cultivar of 67% and 45%, respectively. After rehydration these parameters were not recovered significantly to two cultivars. In relation to chlorophyll fluorescence, water stress caused significant changes in all parameters evaluated of cultivars, being observed effects more intense on sensitive cultivar in the parameters Fv/Fm (38%) and Fo (69%). Rehydration did not promote recovery of the values of Fv/Fm and Fo to sensitive cultivar. Therefore, our study revealed that a short-time of rehydration is not effective to re-establish chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange in cowpea plants submitted to water deficit.

scholarly journals Water: the most important ‘molecular’ component of water stress tolerance research

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
Jana Kholova ◽  
Mainassara Zaman-Allah ◽  
Nouhoun Belko
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Supply And Demand

Water deficit is the main yield-limiting factor across the Asian and African semiarid tropics and a basic consideration when developing crop cultivars for water-limited conditions is to ensure that crop water demand matches season water supply. Conventional breeding has contributed to the development of varieties that are better adapted to water stress, such as early maturing cultivars that match water supply and demand and then escape terminal water stress. However, an optimisation of this match is possible. Also, further progress in breeding varieties that cope with water stress is hampered by the typically large genotype × environment interactions in most field studies. Therefore, a more comprehensive approach is required to revitalise the development of materials that are adapted to water stress. In the past two decades, transgenic and candidate gene approaches have been proposed for improving crop productivity under water stress, but have had limited real success. The major drawback of these approaches has been their failure to consider realistic water limitations and their link to yield when designing biotechnological experiments. Although the genes are many, the plant traits contributing to crop adaptation to water limitation are few and revolve around the critical need to match water supply and demand. We focus here on the genetic aspects of this, although we acknowledge that crop management options also have a role to play. These traits are related in part to increased, better or more conservative uses of soil water. However, the traits themselves are highly dynamic during crop development: they interact with each other and with the environment. Hence, success in breeding cultivars that are more resilient under water stress requires an understanding of plant traits affecting yield under water deficit as well as an understanding of their mutual and environmental interactions. Given that the phenotypic evaluation of germplasm/breeding material is limited by the number of locations and years of testing, crop simulation modelling then becomes a powerful tool for navigating the complexity of biological systems, for predicting the effects on yield and for determining the probability of success of specific traits or trait combinations across water stress scenarios.

scholarly journals Stress Metabolism I. Nitrogen Metabolism and Growth in the Barley Plant During Water Stress

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
TN Singh ◽  
IG Paleg ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Main Shoot ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

An induced water deficit in lO-day barley seedlings resulted in a decrease in leaf dry weight within a 28-hr period, although the shoots and roots continued to increase in weight. Primordium formation and apex elongation on the main shoot were also inhibited but floral development at the apex continued.

The Effect of Water Stress on Total-Phenolic Content of Barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Habib SASSI ◽  
Oussama OUESLATI ◽  
Moncef BEN-HAMMOUDA
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Influence Of Water

Little is known about the relation between water stress and the accumulation of phenolics in plant tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of water stress and maturation on the production of total-phenolics (TP) by four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties (‘Manel’, ‘Martin’, ‘Rihane’, ‘Espérance’). During three phenological stages (S-8, S-10.5, S-11), following Feekes scale, whole barley plants were pulled out of the field and separated into roots, stems, and leaves. Water extracts were prepared from plant parts and their TP contents were determined by spectrophotometer. To determine periods of water deficit (WD) at field, climatic characterization of the region was carried out. TP accumulated in barley plant and its parts under the influence of water deficit essentially at S8, which coincided with barley spring growth. However, TP content decreased when WD became more pronounced at the following stages. This response may be explained, partially by the biosynthesis of lignin from free phenols when the plant approached maturity. Results suggest that water stress stimulates the synthesis and accumulation of TP in barley tissues during active growth periods (spring growth) at S-8. This response doesn’t persist until the critical periods of WD where barley maturity favors a decrease in TP content for all plant parts. Regardless of growth stage and WD, barley accumulates preferentially phenolics in above-ground plant parts. The evolution of phenolic accumulation under water stress showed the same trends for the tested barley varieties, indicating a genetic control of phenolic production and their partitioning across plant parts.

Development and Growth of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides) in Response to Water Supply and Demand

1986 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Squire ◽  
B. Marshall ◽  
C. K. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
High Water ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Saturation Deficit ◽  
Leaf Appearance ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Rate Of Leaf Appearance

SUMMARYStands of pearl millet were grown in three controlled environment glasshouses in which were imposed different combinations of atmospheric saturation deficit (1.5 to 2.3 kPa) and soil water content (fully irrigated and not irrigated). Consistent differences in saturation deficit (SD) were maintained throughout the experiment (100 days) but a high water table restricted differences in water supply to the first 40 days. Responses to SD and soil water were observed in some variables but not in others. Developmental processes such as the rate of leaf appearance were unaffected, whereas the efficiency for conversion of intercepted solar energy decreased by 24% and the rate at which the canopy expanded by 50%, in the driest compared to the wettest conditions.

Growth and Yield Response of Different Brinjal Cultivars to Irrigation Deficit Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Shafeeq ur Rehman ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmad Hafiz ◽  
Irfan Ali ◽  
Nadeem Akhtar Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Irrigation Deficit ◽  
Response To Water

Brinjal is an important vegetable crop having low fat content and high nutritional value. Brinjal is considered moderately sensitive to water deficit conditions. A study was conducted to investigate growth and yield potential of different brinjal cultivars i.e. ‘Black Long’, ‘Nirala’, ‘Bemisal’ and ‘Purple Queen’ in response to various levels of water stress by providing 100, 80 and 60% of the required irrigation. The results revealed that growth and yield characteristics of brinjal cultivars varied to a great extent in response to water stress. As expected, 100% irrigation level showed the highest plant growth and fruit yield, while a gradual decrease in growth and yield of brinjal was observed with increasing water stress, the lowest being at 60% irrigation level. ‘Black Long’ and ‘Nirala’ produced significantly better results for most of the parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, root length, number of flowers and fruits, fruit length and fruit yield per plant in response to varying degree of water stress. It is concluded from the results that ‘Black Long’ and ‘Nirala’ are best suited for arid areas which are facing water deficit conditions during most of the time in the year, but full potential of the crop can be achieved by managing the irrigation.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in ABA content in water-stressed Populus nigra: effects on carbon fixation and soluble carbohydrates

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Brunetti ◽  
Antonella Gori ◽  
Giovanni Marino ◽  
Paolo Latini ◽  
Anatoly P Sobolev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Populus Nigra ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Aba Content

AbstractBackground and AimsHydraulic and chemical signals operate in tandem to regulate systemic plant responses to drought. Transport of abscisic acid (ABA) through the xylem and phloem from the root to shoot has been suggested to serve as the main signal of water deficit. There is evidence that ABA and its ABA-glycosyl-ester (ABA-GE) are also formed in leaves and stems through the chloroplastic 2-C-methylerythritol-5-phosphate (MEP) pathway. This study aimed to evaluate how hormonal and hydraulic signals contribute to optimize stomatal (gs), mesophyll (gm) and leaf hydraulic (Kleaf) conductance under well-watered and water-stressed conditions in Populus nigra (black poplar) plants. In addition, we assessed possible relationships between ABA and soluble carbohydrates within the leaf and stem.MethodsPlants were subjected to three water treatments: well-watered (WW), moderate stress (WS1) and severe stress (WS2). This experimental set-up enabled a time-course analysis of the response to water deficit at the physiological [leaf gas exchange, plant water relations, (Kleaf)], biochemical (ABA and its metabolite/catabolite quantification in xylem sap, leaves, wood, bark and roots) and molecular (gene expression of ABA biosynthesis) levels.Key ResultsOur results showed strong coordination between gs, gm and Kleaf under water stress, which reduced transpiration and increased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEint). Analysis of gene expression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) and ABA content in different tissues showed a general up-regulation of the biosynthesis of this hormone and its finely-tuned catabolism in response to water stress. Significant linear relationships were found between soluble carbohydrates and ABA contents in both leaves and stems, suggesting a putative function for this hormone in carbohydrate mobilization under severe water stress.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the tight regulation of the photosynthetic machinery by levels of ABA in different plants organs on a daily basis in both well-watered and water stress conditions to optimize WUEint and coordinate whole plant acclimation responses to drought.

Differential gene expression analysis of maize leaf at heading stage in response to water-deficit stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guidong Yue ◽  
Yunlong Zhuang ◽  
Zhaoxia Li ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Juren Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Oligonucleotide Array ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Maize Leaves ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Heading Stage

The whole-genomic gene-expression changes of maize (Zea mays L.) plants in response to water-deficit stress at the heading stage have not been previously studied. The present work utilized a maize oligonucleotide array (‘57K’, ~57000 sequences; http://www.maizearray.org/) representing more than 30000 unique genes, to profile transcriptome changes in maize leaves subjected to 1d (day) and 7d water-deficit stress. After 1d and 7d water-stress treatment, 195 and 1008 differential genes were identified respectively. One-third of 1d-water-stress-induced genes had known or putative functions in various cellular signalling pathways, indicating that signal-transduction-related genes play important roles in the early responses of maize leaves to water stress. The 7d-stress-regulated genes were involved in a broad range of cellular and biochemical activities. The most notable genes may function in compatible osmolyte metabolism, particularly in proline, sucrose, trehalose and raffinose metabolism in the leaves. The present study provided a valuable starting point for further elucidation of molecular mechanisms in the drought tolerance of maize plants.

scholarly journals Effects of soil water deficit on leaf nitrogen, chlorophylls and spad chlorphyll meter reading on growth stages of soybean

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakil Uddin Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Response To Water

Soybean leaf Nitrogen (N) status correlated linearly with the amount of chlorophylls and SCMR at flowering stage in response to water deficit levels. In addition, SCMR showed significant positive correlation with chlorophylls at flowering stage. Grain yield significantly correlated to the leaf nitrogen as well as to the chlorophylls and SCMR at flowering stage in response to water deficit levels. These relationships indicated that the water stress decreased leaf nitrogen, chlorophylls and SCMR which in turn caused decreased grain yield of soybean. The results from the study suggest that, flowering stage is the best time for prediction on the adverse effects of water stress on leaf nitrogen assimilation, chlorophylls and SCMR on potential yielding ability of soybean.Key words: Soil water deficit; Leaf nitrogen; Chlorophyll (a+b); Growth stages; Soybean DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v40i2.9773   Bangladesh J. Bot. 40(2): 171-175, 2011 (December)

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