scholarly journals Spotlight on Varietal Thiols and Precursors in Grapes and Wines

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Varietal Thiols ◽  
Modern Analytical

Wine is an amazingly complex natural product that requires dedicated scientists to resolve many of its mysteries. Traditional synthetic organic chemistry and modern analytical techniques are powerful tools at the disposal of wine chemists who tackle the complexities of wine in order to improve scientific understanding and provide practical solutions to industry. Part of this quest for knowledge relates to maintaining or improving wine quality, which underpins consumer acceptance and links to the competitiveness of wineries in a global market. Wine aroma is an important aspect of wine quality and garners much attention from researchers. Grape-derived aroma compounds are one area of particular importance owing to their distinctiveness and ability to impart ‘varietal aromas’ to wines. Varietal thiols imparting tropical and citrus notes that are characteristic of wines such as Sauvignon Blanc have emerged, along with their grape-derived precursors, as an area of interest over the past two decades. These compounds have also caught our attention and we have made some important contributions to this field, including identifying new precursors, developing novel analytical methods, and conducting studies that provide unique insights into the biochemical transformations occurring in grape berries and juice, and during fermentation.

scholarly journals Botanical ingredient identification and quality assessment: strengths and limitations of analytical techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1157-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Upton ◽  
Bruno David ◽  
Stefan Gafner ◽  
Sabine Glasl
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Basic Premise ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Good Manufacturing Practices ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Botanical Medicines ◽  
Modern Analytical

Abstract Interest in botanical medicines is increasing worldwide with current global market values estimated to be greater than US $72 billion. To ensure ingredients used in botanical preparations are appropriately identified and will deliver the intended benefit while minimizing potential for risk, good manufacturing practices (GMPs) are required. GMPs require that scientifically valid analytical techniques be used. This review discusses a variety of techniques of quality assessment taking into account the different challenges between academicians and manufacturers with the basic premise that all techniques are scientifically valid if used appropriately, and conversely, are limited if not used in a scientifically valid manner. The strengths and limitations, applications and inapplicability, of some of these techniques will be discussed, as will differences between traditional and more modern analytical techniques. A strong emphasis is placed on classical botanical and traditional macromorphological assessment techniques that represent the basis of identification and quality assessment upstream of other techniques such as analytical chemistry and genetics. It will be shown that it is the suite of botanical and chemical techniques that provides the greatest confidence for ensuring the identity and quality of botanical medicines.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Ionic Liquids for the Synthesis of Five-Membered N,N-, N,N,N- and N,N,N,NHeterocycles

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1214-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjeet Kaur ◽  
Pranshu Bhardwaj ◽  
Meenu Devi ◽  
Yamini Verma ◽  
Neha Ahlawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Organic Reaction ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Major Subject

Due to special properties of ILs (Ionic Liquids) like their wide liquid range, good solvating ability, negligible vapour pressure, non-inflammability, environment friendly medium, high thermal stability, easy recycling and rate promoters etc. they are used in organic synthesis. The investigation for the replacement of organic solvents in organic synthesis is a growing area of interest due to increasing environmental issues. Therefore, ionic liquids have attracted the attention of chemists and act as a catalyst and reaction medium in organic reaction with high activity. There is no doubt that ionic liquids have become a major subject of study for modern chemistry. In comparison to traditional processes the use of ionic liquids resulted in improved, complimentary or alternative selectivities in organic synthesis. The present manuscript reported the synthesis of multiple nitrogen containing five-membered heterocyclic compounds using ionic liquids. This review covered interesting discoveries in the past few years.

scholarly journals High Potential of Pichia kluyveri and Other Pichia Species in Wine Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Javier Vicente ◽  
Fernando Calderón ◽  
Antonio Santos ◽  
Domingo Marquina ◽  
Santiago Benito
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Color Stability ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Wine Aroma ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Pichia Kluyveri ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fermentative Yeast

The surfaces of grapes are covered by different yeast species that are important in the first stages of the fermentation process. In recent years, non-Saccharomyces yeasts such as Torulaspora delbrueckii, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Pichia kluyveri have become popular with regard to winemaking and improved wine quality. For that reason, several manufacturers started to offer commercially available strains of these non-Saccharomyces species. P. kluyveri stands out, mainly due to its contribution to wine aroma, glycerol, ethanol yield, and killer factor. The metabolism of the yeast allows it to increase volatile molecules such as esters and varietal thiols (aroma-active compounds), which increase the quality of specific varietal wines or neutral ones. It is considered a low- or non-fermentative yeast, so subsequent inoculation of a more fermentative yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae is indispensable to achieve a proper fermented alcohol. The impact of P. kluyveri is not limited to the grape wine industry; it has also been successfully employed in beer, cider, durian, and tequila fermentation, among others, acting as a promising tool in those fermentation processes. Although no Pichia species other than P. kluyveri is available in the regular market, several recent scientific studies show interesting improvements in some wine quality parameters such as aroma, polysaccharides, acid management, and color stability. This could motivate yeast manufacturers to develop products based on those species in the near future.

scholarly journals Rethinking SME default prediction: a systematic literature review and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ciampi ◽  
Alessandro Giannozzi ◽  
Giacomo Marzi ◽  
Edward I. Altman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Default Prediction ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Modern Analytical

AbstractOver the last dozen years, the topic of small and medium enterprise (SME) default prediction has developed into a relevant research domain that has grown for important reasons exponentially across multiple disciplines, including finance, management, accounting, and statistics. Motivated by the enormous toll on SMEs caused by the 2007–2009 global financial crisis as well as the recent COVID-19 crisis and the consequent need to develop new SME default predictors, this paper provides a systematic literature review, based on a statistical, bibliometric analysis, of over 100 peer-reviewed articles published on SME default prediction modelling over a 34-year period, 1986 to 2019. We identified, analysed and reviewed five streams of research and suggest a set of future research avenues to help scholars and practitioners address the new challenges and emerging issues in a changing economic environment. The research agenda proposes some new innovative approaches to capture and exploit new data sources using modern analytical techniques, like artificial intelligence, machine learning, and macro-data inputs, with the aim of providing enhanced predictive results.

Absorption of L-alanine and other dissolved nutrients by the spines of Paracentrotus lividus (Echinoidea)

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. de Burgh ◽  
A. B. West ◽  
F. Jeal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Paracentrotus Lividus ◽  
Direct Absorption ◽  
Dissolved Nutrients ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Modern Analytical

The possibility that marine invertebrates might obtain part of their nutritional requirements by direct absorption of dissolved molecules through the epidermis has recently received considerable attention. This revival of interest in a field which had been virtually abandoned since the early part of the century was led by the findings of Stephens & Schinske (1957, 1958, 1961). Modern analytical techniques have revealed that the amount of dissolved nutrients in coastal waters is much greater than was formerly realized; total amino acids have been recorded in concentrations of up to 10-4 mole/litre in south-east Alaskan waters (Schell, 1974) and 7 x 10-5 mole/litre off Helgoland (Bohling, 1970). Direct absorption of amino acids has been conclusively established in several phyla (see reviews by Stephens, 1968,1972), and one of the major aims of current research is to show that dissolved organic molecules taken up from available concentrations could be of nutritional significance. Recent developments concerning the possible roles of uptake in marine ecosystems have been reviewed by West, de Burgh & Jeal (1977).

Hydrogels for modified-release drug delivery systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zielińska ◽  
Piotr Eder ◽  
Lucas Rannier ◽  
Juliana C. Cardoso ◽  
Patrícia Severino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Modified Release ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Release Drug

Abstract: Hydrogels for the modified-release drug delivery systems is a continuously growing area of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. According to the global market, the use of polymers in this area is projected to reach $31.4 million by 2027. This review discusses the recent advances and perspectives of hydrogel in drug delivery systems for oral, parenteral, nasal, topical, and ophthalmic. The search strategy did in January 2021, and it conducted an extensive database to identify studies published from January 2010 to December 2020.We described the main characteristic of the polymers to obtain an ideal hydrogel for a specific route of administration and the formulations that was a highlight in the literature. It concluded that the hydrogels are a set useful to decrease the number of doses, side effects, promote adhesion of patient and enhances the bioavailability of the drugs improving the safety and efficacy of the treatment.

The Puzzle of the Underdog’s Victory

2021 ◽  
pp. 624-646
Author(s):  
Peter Ping Li ◽  
Shihao Zhou ◽  
Monsol Zhengyin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Global Market ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Companies ◽  
Salient Features ◽  
Practical Implications

Traditionally, Chinese companies have been viewed as underdogs in global competition, but many Chinese latecomers have actually caught up and become major players in the global market in the past decade. This begs the question about this puzzle. Based on the authors’ case evidence, the central theme of this chapter is that many successful corporate underdogs share a pattern with two salient features. First, these firms tend to have stretch goals, that is, seemingly impossible goals given their available capabilities. Second, such firms tend to behave in a way similar to the notion of bricolage in terms of “making do by applying combinations of the resources at hand to new problems and opportunities.” By focusing on the question of how stretch goals and exploratory bricolage work together in the context of China, this chapter identifies the bricolage pattern with both theoretical and practical implications for both scholars and practitioners within and beyond China.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document